Nouns in English can be divided into countable nouns and uncountable nouns. Countable nouns can be singular and plural, meaning that one is singular and two or more are plural. The formation of plural nouns can be divided into regular changes and irregular changes.
1. Rule change:
1) generally add s after nouns.
(1) map-map, bird-bird,
Oranges-Oranges,
Bicycle-bicycle;
2) nouns ending in s, x, ch and sh plus es,
(1) box-box, class-class, table-table, dish-dish, plate and tableware;
3) Nouns ending in consonants and y are changed from y to i+es.
(1) baby-baby family-family family;
Nouns ending in vowels and y are directly added with s
1 boy-boy toy-toy-toy;
4) nouns ending in fe or f change fe or f into ves.
① Knife-knife.
Wife-wife's wife
Leaves-leaves.
5) add s or es after nouns ending in o.
(1) photo-photo radio radio zoo-zoo-zoo
Tomato-tomato tomato potato potato potato
Second, the irregular change of noun plural.
1) children-children's feet-feet-teeth-teeth
Mouse, mouse, man, man, woman, woman
Note: The plural forms of compound words with man and woman are also -men and -women.
For example, one Englishman and two Englishmen. But German is not a compound word, so the plural form is German; Bowman is a surname, and its plural is the Bowman family.
2) Simple isomorphism and complex isomorphism, such as:
Deer, sheep, fish, China, Japanese.
Li, Jin, Yuan, Er Li, San Mu, Si Jin
However, in addition to RMB yuan, cents and cents, USD, GBP and FRF all have plural forms, such as:
One dollar, two dollars; One meter, two meters
3) collective noun appears in singular form, but it is actually plural.
For example, the people's police cow itself is plural, so we can't say a people, a policeman and a cow, but we can say.
A person, a policeman, a bottle of wine, British, British, French, China, Japanese, Swiss, etc. When used as a country name, it is used in the plural.
China people are hardworking and brave. The people of China are hardworking and brave.
4) nouns ending in s are still singular, such as:
A. Mathematics, politics, physics and other subject nouns are uncountable nouns, singular.
B. News is an uncountable noun.
C. The United States and the United Nations should be considered unique.
Organized by the United Nations on 1945. The United Nations was founded in 1945.
D titles of books, plays, newspapers and magazines in plural form can also be regarded as singular.
Arabian Nights is a very interesting story book.
& lt& gt This is a very interesting story book.
5) refers to things that consist of two parts, such as glasses, glasses and clothes.
If you represent a specific number, you should use a pair (double); Suit (set); A pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
6) There are some nouns whose plural forms can sometimes express special meanings, such as goods, water and fish.
Countable nouns have both singular and plural forms, meaning that one person or thing is singular and more than one person or thing is plural.
One book, two books, two books, one schoolbag, three schoolbags, three schoolbags.
The singular form of nouns is the form that appears in the dictionary, and there is no change, for example, a pen, a bed, a room and an English book.
Plural form of nouns. The plural form of most nouns is formed by adding -s or -es after the singular form. The plural forms of nouns change as follows.
1) In general, add -s at the end of the word. For example:
Schoolbag, map, pen, desk, worker
2) Nouns end with [s], [z], [], [t] and [d], and then add -es. If there is an e at the end, add-s.
Clothes, boxes, buses, horses, watches, plates
3) If the noun ends with -f or -fe, change -f or -fe to -ves.
Bookshelf, wife, knife
4) If the noun ends with the consonant +y, change y to I and add es.
Cities, babies, factories.
5) Nouns ending in consonant +o, plus -es, become plural.
Heroes, potatoes, tomatoes
Although a few nouns end in -o or -f, only -s is added when they become plural, such as radiopianos photos roofs.
The plural forms of some nouns in English are irregular, so we should remember the common ones one by one.
Man-man, woman-woman, foot-foot, tooth-tooth, mouse-nice, cow-cow, sheep-sheep-dear, fish-fish.
Some nouns in English always appear in the plural.
Scissors scissors merchandise pants pants clothes glasses glasses
First, the plural form of most countable nouns is to add -s at the end of the word.
Pronunciation changes: the ending is voiced consonant reading [s], voiced consonant or vowel reading [z].
Example: friends → friends; Cat → cat; Style → style; Sports → sports; Piece → piece
2. Any word ending in S, Z, X, ch, sh, and the trailing -es at the end of the word form a plural.
Phonetic change: unified pronunciation [iz].
For example: bus → bus; Quiz → quiz; Fox → fox; Matches → matches; Flash → flash
3. For nouns ending in consonant letter +y, change Y to I and add -es.
Pronunciation change: add [z].
Example: candy → candy; Daisy → daisy; Fairy → fairies; Lady → lady; Story → story
For nouns ending in -o, if they are not foreign words or abbreviations, add -es, otherwise add -s to form a plural.
Pronunciation change: add [z].
For example: tomatoes → tomatoes; Potatoes → potatoes; Torpedo → torpedo; Bingo → bingo
Counterexample: silo → silo; Piano → piano (foreign words); Photos → photos; Macro → Macro (abbreviation)
5. Most nouns ending in -f or -fe change -f or -fe into -ves, but there are exceptions.
Pronunciation change: the suffix [f] is changed to [vz].
For example: knife → knife; Life → life; Leaves → leaves; Staff → staff; Scarf → Scarf
Counterexample: roof → roof
6. Nouns ending in -us (mostly foreign words) usually change -us to -i to form the plural.
Pronunciation change: the suffix [Es] is changed to [ai], in which [kEs] is changed to [sai] and [ges] is changed to [dVai].
Example: fungi → fungi; Abacus → Abazi; Focus → focus; Cactus → cactus; Cestes → Sesti
7. Nouns ending in -is are usually changed from -is to -es.
Pronunciation change: the suffix [is] is changed to [i:z].
Example: axis → axis; Foundation → foundation; Nose → nostril; Hypothesis → hypothesis; Rest → rest
8. Nouns ending in -ix usually change -ix to -ices, but there are exceptions.
Pronunciation change: the ending sound [iks] is changed to [isi:z].
Example: matrix → matrix; Alignment → Alignment; Cup → cup; Appendix → Appendix Counterexample: Affix → Affix
Nine, nouns ending in -um, change -um to-a.
Pronunciation change: remove the nasal ending
.
For example: forum → forum; Stadium → Stadia; Aquarium → Aquarium; Benchmark → data; Vacuum → vacuumizing
X for nouns ending in -a, add -e at the end of the word.
Pronunciation change: the end [E] is changed to read [i:].
Example: Larva → Larva; Formula → formula; ala→alae； media→mediae； Hydra → Hydra
The plural forms of some words remain unchanged.
Pronunciation change: keep the original sound.
Example: fish → fish; Sheep → sheep; Cattle → cattle; Deer → deer; Salmon → salmon
Twelve, a very small number of words, their plural forms are irregular.
Pronunciation change: irregular.
Example: men → men; Woman → woman; Children → children; People → people; Bull → Bull
Thirteen, some singular words need to add en to become plural:
Example: yellow cattle → yellow cattle; Children → children; Brother → brother
Fourteen, some singular words should be converted into plural.
For example: analysis → analysis; Foundation → foundation; Datum → data data; Feet → feet;
Formula → formula/formula; Goose → Goose; Lice → lice; Men → men
Mouse → mouse; Media → media/media media; Memo → Memo/Memo s Memo;
Parentheses → parentheses parentheses; Phenomenon → phenomenon; Radius → radius radius
Teeth → teeth; Woman → woman
Fifteen, some nouns are singular and plural.
Example: deer; Fish; Cannon; Sheep; Salmon salmon; Trout trout
Sixteen, although some nouns have singular and plural numbers, it is always singular words that appear more often.
Example: abstraction; Clothing; Movies; Ask for help; Furniture furniture; Mechanical machinery; News; Scenic scenery; Sugar;
traffic flow
Seventeen, other nouns are more likely to appear in the plural.
Example: bellows bellows; Clothes; Police; Shorts, shorts; Scissors scissors; Glasses; shearer
Pants and trousers; salary
18. compound nouns, such plural numbers are represented by subject nouns.
Example: daughter-in-law → daughter-in-law daughter-in-law; Father-in-law
Warships → Warships; Maid → maid
Stepson → Stepson's late son; Son-in-law → son-in-law
Nineteen, if specific figures are expressed, words should be used.
Example: pair (right, double); Suit (set); A pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
20. There are also plural forms of some nouns that can sometimes express special meanings.
Example: goods, water, fish.
21. Except RMB, RMB, RMB, RMB, RMB, RMB, RMB, RMB, RMB, RMB, RMB, RMB, RMB, RMB and RMB.
Example: one dollar, two dollars; One meter, two meters