Botanical characteristics
Wogan has a strong growth potential, and it grows faster when grafted on the rootstock of Citrus grandis. After two years of planting, the plant height can reach 1.5 m, the crown diameter is1.05 m×1.65438+20 cm, and the stem diameter above the grafting joint is 3.8 cm. In the early stage of high grafting, a large number of long branches are easy to germinate and grow once, and the length is generally 60 ~ 80 cm, which is beneficial to the rapid formation of crown. The crown of the tree is naturally round, and the tree gradually opens after fruiting. There are obvious short thorns on the branches, the stem is 3. 1 mm thick, the internode is 1.8 cm long, the thorns are 3 ~ 5 mm long, and the leaves are dense and dark green. Broadly lanceolate, the tip of the blade gradually tapers; The leaf base is wedge-shaped, the leaf margin is entire and the leaflets are linear; Petiole length 1.8 cm, leaf length 8.4 cm, width 3.5 cm, and leaf shape index 2.4. It bloomed in Beibei, Chongqing in mid-April, with small flowers, and the weight of a single flower was about 0.14g. Petals are white, 5 petals, length 10.2 mm, width 4.5 mm; The style is tall and straight, showing more exposed flowers; Stamens 17 ~ 20, separated and alive; The anthers are light yellow and the pollen activity is high. The fruit of Wogan is regular in shape and medium in size, with an average fruit weight of130g. In Binchuan, Yunnan, the average fruit weight can reach 180 g, and the fruit is oblate, with a transverse diameter of 6.7 cm, a longitudinal diameter of 5.7cm and a fruit shape index of 0.85. The peel is smooth, orange-red, with fine oil cells, slightly convex or flat with the fruit surface, and there are few pits; The top of the fruit is flat, with inconspicuous printed circles, and the radial grooves in the columnar area are inconspicuous, and the fruit base is flat; The peel is tightly wrapped, with a thickness of 0.36 cm, which is easy to peel off. The sponge layer is yellow and white, and the petals are 9 ~ 1 1. After ripening, the middle column is half empty, and the size of the middle column is1.25 cm×1.05 cm; The pulp is orange-red, the juice cell is small and short, the capsule wall is thin, the pulp is tender and residue, and the juice is sweet. The acid content of this variety decreased earlier, the soluble solids reached 12% in the middle of 65438+February, and the titratable acid content was 0.80%. By the beginning of March, the soluble solids can reach 13%, invert sugar 12.68%, reducing sugar 6.84%, titratable acid 0.58%, solid-acid ratio 22.4, vitamin C content 24.42mg/ 100ml, and edible rate 7/kloc-0. 9 ~ 20 seeds, with an average single seed weight of 0. 16 g, spindle-shaped or rod-shaped, single embryo, yellow-white exocarp, light yellow-brown inner seed coat, green-white cotyledons, red-brown chalazal point, and smooth exocarp. Fruit maturity 1
The fruit can be picked before the end of 65438+February.
2.2 phenology
In Beibei, Chongqing, the spring buds of Vogan germinated around March 1 1, and the full flowering period was around April 24. The first physiological fruit drop started from April 27th to May 9th, and the second physiological fruit drop started from May 3rd/KLOC-0 to early June. The germination period of spring shoots is from mid-April to late May, summer shoots from mid-June to late July, and early autumn shoots from early August to late September. The fruit discoloration period is around165438+1October 20th, which is later than Hong Ju and Temple Fair in Danxi. 65438+ 10 The fruit ripens in the second year, and the fruit can stay on the tree until the beginning of March at the latest.
3 Fertility rate
Through the investigation of flowers, flower quantity and fruit setting rate of Wogan, it was found that the flowers of Wogan were small, but the flowers were large and the fruit setting rate was high. The main fruiting branches are mainly early autumn branches, and the fruiting branches are mostly leafy flowers. Generally, the fruit setting rate in the middle and lower part of the crown is higher. After three years of planting, the grafted seedlings of Citrus aurantium and Citrus aurantium began to try flowers, and the plant yield could reach 5. 1 kg in the fourth year. In the fifth year, the plant yield can reach 19.7 kg, which is equivalent to an increase of about 2 000 kg per 667 m2. In the second year, a small number of flowers can be planted on the middle rootstock of Rinan 1, and the yield per plant is between 3.4 ~ 10.4 kg. In the third year, the plant yield can reach 17.2 kg, which is equivalent to 667 m2 1700kg. Wogan high-grafted varieties grow vigorously on the intermediate rootstock of sweet orange, and can bear fruit in Beibei, Chongqing and Binchuan, Yunnan in the second year, and the yield per plant can reach 10.9 kg, and the yield in the third year can reach 210.6 kg. Vogan has obvious early fruit, high yield and high yield per plant, but more fruit will make the fruit deformation small; At the same time, because the fruit ripens late, if it is harvested too late, the nutrient consumption of the tree will be greater. If it is not managed properly, it is easy to form the phenomenon of different year results.
4 Compressive capacity
Wogan has strong growth potential and wide adaptability, can grow and bear fruit normally on the hillside with poor soil and poor fertilizer and water conditions, has strong stress resistance and is easy to cultivate and manage. No diseases such as gummosis and foot rot were found in field observation, and no sensitivity to other diseases was observed. Wogan has strong cold tolerance, winter and autumn.
With few fruits, it is suitable to be popularized and developed as a late-maturing hybrid orange variety in areas with less sunshine and low winter temperature in Chongqing. Vogan has strong grafting affinity, and has good grafting affinity with Fructus Aurantii, Fructus Aurantii Orange and Citrus. However, Vogan grafted on the rootstock of Fructus Aurantii is easy to show the symptoms of element deficiency in purple soil. Adding organic fertilizer to soil can improve element deficiency. Using "Walcam lemon" as rootstock will lead to low acidity and weak flavor of fruit. The bag of Wogan fruit is tight, and there is no sunburn or fruit cracking in the field observation. The fruit has excellent tree-hanging performance and long harvesting period, which can be harvested from the end of June to February to the beginning of March, and the fruit can be hung for up to 3 months.
5 key points of cultivation techniques
Wogan has strong growth potential and is easy to cultivate and manage, and it is easy to produce a large number of long branches in the early stage of high grafting and tree replacement. In the area with good light and heat conditions in Binchuan, Yunnan, the tree potential is stronger, which is extremely beneficial to the rapid formation of crown and the promotion of early fruit. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer and other quick-acting fertilizers should be re-applied in the early stage, and the ratio of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be paid attention to. When planting in purple soil and barren sloping land, we should strengthen soil improvement, apply more organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to ensure dark green leaves, reduce the occurrence of element deficiency, and lay the foundation for rapid crown formation and early fruit. The Vogan tree is very strong and has dense leaves. In order to promote the early fruiting of young trees, we should strengthen tree shaping, improve crown illumination and promote the production of high-quality fruits. There are many exposed flowers in Vogan flowering period, which will not have much influence on fruit setting rate. However, due to high yield, long fruit-bearing time in winter and high nutrient consumption, fruit-bearing in different years is easy to occur under the condition of poor management. Therefore, in order to ensure sustained high yield in production, it is necessary to pay attention to the bearing capacity of trees and pick fruits in time. At the same time, the management of soil, fertilizer and water should be strengthened in time after fruit picking, and organic fertilizers such as oil cakes can be added to the soil after fruit picking to restore tree vigor. In addition, foliar fertilizer should be applied in time before flowering, and spraying 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% borax is better. There are many seeds in Wogan, which can be reduced by isolated planting or concentrated planting in pieces. Pest control can refer to the cultivation and management of common citrus varieties.
6 evaluation
Wogan is a high-quality, high-sugar late-maturing hybrid citrus variety, which has the characteristics of strong tree vigor, easy cultivation and management, early fruit and high yield, beautiful fruit shape, tender meat, sweet juice, high sugar and low acid.
Listed around the Spring Festival, so the market prospect and price advantage are obvious. At present, many late-maturing oranges developed in production, such as Bu Zhihuo, Tarouco New Line, Qingjian, Shaoxin Mokete, etc., will have obvious fruit drop phenomenon in Chongqing in winter, so it is necessary to spray fruit protection agents to protect the fruits. However, the fruit of "Wogan" hangs on the tree for a long time, and there are few fruit drops in winter, which is very suitable for vigorous development in the mid-subtropical citrus producing areas with annual average temperature above 17.8℃. In Chongqing, it can be planted in the Three Gorges reservoir area below 420 m above sea level.