1, fertilization

After planting for one month, gradually fertilize the soil layer. In two to three years, the promotion is mainly based on the amount of roots, promoting the growth and development of new shoots and strengthening new shoots. Grasp two fertilizers in one branch or three fertilizers in one branch, and use nitrogen-based quick-acting fertilizer when the top bud of the branch germinates to promote the normal growth and development of the bud. When the elongation of new shoots ends and the color of leaves changes from bright red to light green, the second chemical fertilizer should be applied to promote the rapid color change of new shoots, improve the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, widen branches and thicken leaves.

When the buds change color, the third chemical fertilizer should be used to speed up the perfection of the buds, shorten the bud stage and assist the germination. The amount of fertilization depends on the characteristics of soil layer and the size of fruit tree pruning. After planting, there are few small roots, and the amount of fertilizer applied in the second year will increase accordingly, which is about 40-60% higher than last year. In addition, according to the growth status of trees, it can be sprayed once every half month during the rapid growth and development period of tree technology.

water

Litchi seedlings have few and shallow roots, which is very unfavorable to the surface soil moisture. Annual litchi saplings will generally return to dry, so attention should be paid to watering, moisturizing and hydrating under drought and temperature conditions, and water should be prevented from accumulating in the tree tray in rainy days.

prune

The key to pruning is to mainly shape 3 to 4 branches, so that their perspectives are appropriate and evenly dispersed. The standard of pruning should be light rather than heavy. The key is to cut off the horizontal branches, dense branches, curved branches, weak branches and spikes that are not allowed to bear fruit, make rational use of nutrients and expand the canopy. Branches that can be pruned or not can be kept temporarily. The pruning period is carried out before the buds germinate. Plastic and cosmetic pruning can be done by pruning, topping, pulling branches, hanging branches, opening tops and other methods.

4. Precooling and green protection

In order to better prevent germination after 1 1 month; Fruit trees are pruned and covered with wheat straw to avoid the first frost, and litchi is planted and covered with lawn leaves. It is predicted that before his arrival, the first frost will be smoked to prevent colds. Cover the foundation soil in the root growth and development area with green manure crops, grain crop branches or wastes, and cover it with soil.

Second, litchi planting: fruit tree management

There are three key stages of fertilization throughout the year.

Flowering time fertilizer: used from the end of 1 1 to the beginning of1February, its function is to promote flower bud differentiation, ear growth and development, improve flower quality, increase fruit setting rate and slow down spring senescence. During this period, NPK accounts for about 20% to 25% of the fertilizer applied this year, and phosphorus accounts for 25% to 30%.

Strong fruit fertilizer: Spraying it about 10 ~ 15 days after flower failure, in order to immediately fill the consumption in full bloom, ensure the nutrients needed for fruit growth and development, reduce the physiological loss of fruit, promote fruit growth and development, prevent excessive nutrient loss of trunk, and lay a good foundation for autumn shoot germination. This time, potassium is mainly used in combination with nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium accounts for about 40%-50% of the fertilizer consumption this year, and nitrogen and phosphorus account for about 30%-40% of the fertilizer consumption this year.

Fertilization before and after fruit harvesting: Fertilization about seven to ten days before fruit harvesting is to speed up the recovery of the charm of plants after picking, promote the growth of autumn shoots and shape the solid mother tree technology, and lay the foundation for subsequent yield increase. Nitrogen dominates the fusion of phosphorus and potassium, and the amount of base fertilizer accounts for about 45%-55% of this year's fertilization, and phosphorus and potassium account for 30%-40%. Special attention should be paid to the application of organic fertilizer, and fertilization should be carried out after fruit production in autumn and early spring. Litchi is fertilized according to soil layer. According to the specific needs of each phenological period, irrigate leaves and spray fertilizer once every fifteen days.

Third, improve pollination and increase fruit setting rate.

The seed setting rate of litchi varies greatly, which is generally 2%- 12% of that of female flowers. A tree 19-year-old Hu Aizhi has about 90,000 female flowers. If the fruiting rate is 2%, the yield is only 36 kg. If the fruiting rate is increased to 12%, the yield will exceed 200KG.

1, key countermeasures

Bee release at flowering stage: bee pollination plays a key role in improving fruit setting rate. There is a positive correlation between the total number of bees and the number of litchi groups. Adult litchi tree 1 mu plantation can put one or two groups of bees to meet pollination requirements. Stop spraying pesticides during bee release to prevent bee poisoning, and pure honey feels pure.

When the temperature clouds open and the sun rises, the descendants shake the branches and leaves to shake off the water droplets, accelerate the drying and loose powder, and avoid retting.

Spraying 1500 times solution of Leduo Harvest Flower and Fruit Caregiver can protect flowers reasonably and improve fruit yield.

2. Flower protection

Litchi fruit suffered serious losses during the growth period, so it is necessary to improve the comprehensive countermeasures such as chemical fertilizer, water management methods and pest control, supplemented by other flower protection methods.

Flower adjustment and flower protection: adjust the flowers with 1500 times solution prepared by the nursing staff of Leduo fruit picking, and spray it 20 ~ 40 days after the flowers fade.

Ring cutting and flower protection: pruning young people's trees is more effective. Generally, female flowers should be circumcised about forty days after flowering and fruiting. Old trees and weak trees should not be circumcised.

4. Key points of litchi planting management methods

Properly promote healthy autumn shoots. Litchi fruits are generally put into autumn shoots twice after harvest, strong trees can be put into autumn shoots three times, and old and weak trees can be put into autumn shoots once. From the end of August to the beginning of September, and from the end of September to the beginning of 10, the last autumn shoots of mature, medium-mature and late-mature varieties are released. If the old and weak trees are ahead as far as possible, the strong trees of young people can be delayed for a few days.

Leave one or two branches in the last autumn shoot and remove unnecessary leaves. Generally, there are 20 ~ 30 mature autumn shoots and 40 ~ 50 late-maturing species per square meter. The length of strong autumn shoots is18 ~ 25cm and10 ~15cm respectively. The stem diameter in the middle of the stem tip should be 0.6-0.8 cm and 0.4-0.5 cm respectively, and the number of leaves in each branch should be 30.

Fertilization time and dosage. For young peach trees, take the early-maturing varieties seven to fifty days after harvesting as an example. Each tree hangs 50 kilograms of fruit (the same below), and each tree is applied with decomposed pig manure 15 kilograms, compound fertilizer10.5 kilograms, and 2 kilograms of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to strive for the first autumn shoot in August. Strong flowers and trees with excellent standard management ability of water conservancy projects can release the last autumn shoots at the end of 10. After emergence, the management methods of chemical fertilizer and water must be improved to promote the emergence of seedlings before the middle and late February of/kloc-0.

Middle-aged and elderly peach trees, which have more or worse flowers and fruits in a year, should be fertilized with 10- 15kg pig manure and 1.5kg ternary compound fertilizer ten days before fruiting, and those with fewer flowers and fruits or strong growth can be fertilized ten days after fruiting. The first autumn shoot was from mid-late July to early August. In the middle and late September, each plant was treated with 1kg urea solution, 1.5kg phosphate fertilizer and 0.5kg potassium chloride to promote the second autumn shoot cutting from the middle and late September to the middle and early October.

Before harvesting 10 day, the branches with light leaves should be applied with compost pig manure 10kg and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 2kg. Then at the beginning of August, each tree should be applied with urea solution 1kg, phosphate fertilizer 1kg, potassium chloride 0.5kg and sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.03kg, and the autumn shoots will be strengthened from the middle and late September.

Effective pruning. Pruning time varies from tree to tree, and it is generally carried out gradually within seven to fifteen days after collection and one month after collection. Cut off cross-hole branches, blind branches on branches, diseased branches, shady branches, weak branches, clustered overlapping branches, flowering and unfruitful branches, etc. If there are no results or few results, you can cut them several times, especially when there is no conclusion, and the flowers and trees should be shrunk and trimmed as much as possible. After the flowers wither in spring, you can trim the empty trees. If there are many fruits, they can be pruned when the autumn shoots sprout. For weak trees with many fruits and few leaves, pruning should be carried out after the first autumn shoots are perfect and the second autumn shoots germinate.

Scientific research on disease prevention. When the new buds grow to 3 cm and the leaves are flat, apply 40% isocarbophos 800- 1000 times solution or 40.7% Leben 1000 times solution to control rice leaf roller, inchworm, leaf gall midge and other pests; Thiophanate-methyl or mancozeb can also be added for sterilization.

In the process of releasing and protecting seedlings, spray water as much as possible to prevent another drought. After the rain, loosen the soil layer to ensure moisture. In case of rainstorm, the accumulated water in the garden should be removed to prevent the roots from rotting and falling leaves due to accumulated water.