The invention belongs to the technical field
The invention belongs to the field of flight science and electromagnetism, is the creation and application of a new vortex, and is suitable for an aviation helicopter which generates lift by aerodynamic force in the atmosphere. It also involves the acceleration and magnetic confinement of charged ions, as well as magnetic fluids and nuclear power systems. It integrates automobile, aviation and even aerospace, nuclear energy and many other electromechanical industries.
Prior to the present invention, the prior art
Since the invention of the airplane a hundred years ago, the aviation aerodynamic technology is mainly one kind, that is, when the air moves rapidly relative to the wing, no matter what the supersonic speed is, the wing is subjected to the "impulse" from the forward flow, and the air is induced and compressed by the wing to form the "momentum" in the vertical direction of the "downwash flow", and the wing gains lift due to the reaction force or the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces; Others include "off-body vortex", "wave flight", "blowing on the upper surface of the wing" or "wall-attached jet" technology and so on.
The construction and maintenance costs of airports and aircraft carriers are very high, and the runways are also very large. However, the aircraft's take-off and landing frequency is limited and its emergency response capability is low. Whether economically or in use, it is increasingly hoped to get rid of big airports and aircraft carriers and get rid of the shackles of runways.
Helicopters, whether ever, currently or under development, have defects. The existing rotary-wing helicopters, such as most, have large resistance, limited speed, high fuel consumption and large rotor size; For example, the harrier military jet helicopter in Britain has complex technology, high temperature and high speed airflow has great influence on the ground environment and low safety factor; A new type of helicopter being developed, such as a manned bird-like flapping-wing aircraft, has no hope of success in theory or practice because of the limited ratio of weight, volume and power. For example, the Osprey V-22 tilting rotorcraft in the United States has poor reliability and congenital defects, especially when it drops rapidly, it is prone to dangerous "vortex ring state", which leads to accidents due to reverse circulation and severe eddy current; XFV- 12, a vertical take-off and landing aircraft once used in the United States, uses jet to produce suction effect on aileron, and the ratio of jet to take away the surrounding air is 1: 60, that is, it uses small mass high-speed jet to induce large mass low-speed air. However, without considering the lifting surface, the velocity of fluid on the lifting surface related to it, the thickness of shear flow layer or pressure gradient layer and other factors, the air induction efficiency is not high, and the jet turns in the internal pipeline.
In addition, there is a century-old problem, that is, since the invention of airplanes, people naturally want to combine cars with airplanes. However, this attempt was unsuccessful, the aerodynamic shape and the body structure could not be coordinated, and the safety could not be guaranteed.
According to the historical records of ancient countries and the "UFO" craze that fluctuated around the world in the past 60 years, a saucer-shaped flying object, that is, "UFO", has sixteen main characteristics: strong cyclone, strong magnetic field, electromagnetic interference, body rotation, whole body luminescence, nuclear energy radiation, helicopter hovering, silent flight, wave trajectory, shell electric field, radar stealth, non-superluminal, air clutch and so on. The side effects are: when the flying saucer hovers or moves in the air, there will always be bright colored halos and halos, which disappear when landing and re-emit when restarting; The flying saucer can form a "straw tornado" to absorb objects, and a "rotating downburst" can be formed in the forest chopping area; When flying saucers fly forward or take off and land near the ground, there are often strong winds, and when taking off or landing in desert areas, violent sandstorms will be aroused. When they fly over the snowy plains, there will be a strong snow cyclone below. When they hover over the sea, huge waves and water columns will be lifted from the sea, and the waves will be directly attracted to UFOs. Flying saucers can stop witnesses' watches, and when they pass the vehicle at low altitude, they will lift it (pull it up) or even magnetize the object; When flying saucers appear, they are often accompanied by large-scale power failure, discharge or radio communication interruption or signal interference, and even electrical appliances are burned; Flying saucers turn at right angles or acute angles when flying in space or the atmosphere; There are halos under the water of ocean lakes, and halos or light balls rise from the water. This is an eternal mystery to be solved.
Vortex and swirling flow occupy an extremely important proportion in natural fluids. For a long time, people have been exploring the use of vortex or vortex or anti-vortex or circulation to provide the main lift for helicopters, but it has not been successful.
The following is the prior art known to the applicant:
The patents of aircraft that use high-speed vortex or swirl to generate lift are: Zhang's 97205608.4 jet vortex aircraft, Ren Junchao's 97 1 10404.2 flying object launching method; The patents of aircraft that use the rotating blades to compress air to produce high-speed rotation and "gyro effect" are: Lin Kang's 99 124654.3, air-ground dual-purpose cyclone gyro helicopter; The patents of aircraft that use the vacuum thin layer on the upper surface to generate lift are: He Huiping's 98 1 12980.3 Shell Rotating UFO; The patents of ion accelerator used in aerospace field include: 99809994.5 plasma accelerator device of Thomson tube electronics Co., Ltd. in Germany; Patents using the aerodynamic principle of natural "dune" shape are: 85 100305.2 dune vortex flame stabilizer; Patented technologies for generating lift, thrust and drag reduction by magnetically confined high-temperature plasma jet attached to the wall include Marion's 85 105602 drag reduction propulsion jet aircraft.
According to the records of Higher Education Press, Luo wrote in the new concept physics course Mechanics: "The axis surrounded by vortex is called vortex line, and there is a good experimental fluid to demonstrate the motion of vortex line. As shown in Figure 5-33, a round hole is opened in the center of a flat box bottom, and the surface is covered with a tight rubber film like a drum. Put it on the table on the side, spray some smoke in the drum in advance, and you will see a smoke ring. This smoke ring is a closed vortex line around which air rotates like a solenoid. If you put a candle at a certain distance, the smoke will be blown out after it rings. " (Note: Smoke particles only rotate in the vertical plane, not in the horizontal plane. This is a "vortex ring". )
According to the Internet address: China Science Expo/Earth Story/Atmospheric Science Museum/Where does the wind come from/Wonderful wind/tornado (
/GB/ Earth/Weather/Wind
), "A tornado is a circular column of air that rotates violently. Tornadoes roar like thunder, probably because the wind speed in some places in the vortex exceeds the speed of sound, thus producing a small amplitude shock wave. Generally speaking, the wind speed may be 50-150m per second, and in extreme cases it may even reach 300m per second or exceed the speed of sound. However, the wind speed in the center of the tornado is very small or even windless, which is very similar to the situation in the eyes of a typhoon. What is particularly frightening is the low pressure inside the tornado. The low pressure can be as low as 400 mbar or even 200 mbar, and the standard atmospheric pressure is 10 13 mbar. When a tornado sweeps over the top of a building or vehicle, the building or vehicle will "explode" instantly because of its extremely low internal air pressure and strong air pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building or vehicle.
According to "Automobile Aerodynamics and Body Modeling" published by People's Communications Publishing House, Huang Xiangdong wrote: "The influence of aerodynamics on the steady and transient stability of automobiles is mainly manifested in two aspects: if the lift of a high-speed car is large enough, it will have a feeling of" floating ",and the ability and maneuverability of maintaining a predetermined route will be significantly reduced; When the airflow has a lateral velocity component (such as lateral gust or turning) relative to the car, if the wind pressure center of the car is located in the front of the car body, it will tend to deviate from the original driving route with the wind (that is, the crosswind is unstable) ... In order to reduce the lift, the car should be avoided to look like a typical wing section and have a certain negative angle of attack. In this sense, it is most suitable for wedge-shaped vehicles ... the relative position between the wind pressure center and the center of gravity of the car body leads to the problem of crosswind stability. This problem can be solved to some extent by adopting the way of front wheel drive or the design of making the center of gravity of the whole vehicle move forward as far as possible. Some high-speed sports cars and test prototypes have a vertical tail similar to an airplane at the tail, so the wind pressure center moves backwards. "
According to the Principle of Aviation Gas Turbine published by National Defense Industry Press (Volume I), Peng Zeyan and Liu Gang wrote: "When viscous gas bypasses an object with poor streamline, it will inevitably produce the phenomenon of bypass and detachment, and a stable vortex zone will be formed behind it, which is called reflux zone in combustion technology. The airflow flows through the V-shaped groove, forming two symmetrical vortices with elliptical cross sections ... BD vortex generator has strong anti-interference ability. Sand dune stabilizer mainly uses good natural airflow structure, which not only ensures good heat and mass exchange, but also weakens the periodic shedding of vortex at the tail edge of V-shaped stabilizer, enhances the vitality of stable flame, prolongs the residence time of combustible micro-clusters, and prevents the excitation factors of oscillating combustion caused by periodic shedding of vortex to some extent. "
According to "World Aircraft 100" published by National Defense Industry Press, Cheng Zhaowu, Shen Meizhen and Meng Queming wrote: "In the late 1950s, American North American Airlines found that when the aircraft was flying at Mach 3, the shock wave generated at the front end of the belly inlet increased the airflow pressure on the lower surface of the wing, and the aircraft's. This phenomenon was later called "compression lift" or "shock lift". ... class =' class1' > new york Winsler Institute of Technology put forward a space plane scheme, which is a real flying saucer ...
According to the introduction of Tsinghua University Publishing House, Zhang Sanhui wrote in "College Physics-Electromagnetism (Second Edition)": "In order to produce the conditions of controlled thermonuclear reaction, the above-mentioned annular magnetic bottle device and annular pinch device are combined, that is, a coil is wound outside the annular reaction chamber in the annular pinch device, and current is applied. In this way, there will be two kinds of magnetic fields in the reactor: one is axial B 1, which is generated by the current in the coil outside the reactor; The other is the circumferential B2 generated by the induced current in the plasma. These two magnetic fields are superimposed to form a spiral total magnetic field B. Both theory and practice prove that the plasma confined in this magnetic field has good stability. In this reactor, in addition to the loss of crossing the magnetic induction line caused by collision, particles can spiral around the magnetic induction line almost endlessly in the annular cavity. Because the magnetic induction line is spiral or twisted, it does not close itself after being wound on the loop tube, so when particles hover around the magnetic induction line, they will run to the inside of the loop tube for a while and to the outside of the loop tube for a while, always wandering in the magnetic field, and will not cause charge separation due to uneven magnetic field. In this device, the axial magnetic field B 1 and the circumferential magnetic field B2 can be adjusted separately, so as to find a more stable plasma working state. This experimental device is called the Tokamak device, which is a controlled thermonuclear reaction experimental device that has been built in large quantities. "
Among them, for example, Zhang's 97205608.4 jet vortex plane produces a plane vortex in a basin, but the vortex is collected by downward airflow obliquely above, and its basin is first subjected to reverse thrust or lift. For example, Lin Kang's 99 124654.3 is an air-ground dual-purpose cyclone gyro helicopter carrier. Its cyclone gyro consists of vertical blades and horizontal blades, mainly because the central fan sucks in a lot of air, forming a low-pressure area in the middle, and then the blades on the vertical plane rotate, introducing the surrounding air at a certain angle, forming an air vortex, but when the air vortex is not formed, it is destroyed by the blades on the horizontal plane. For example, He Huiping's 98 1 12980.3 Shell rotary flying saucer aircraft, the vacuum thin layer on its upper surface repels charged heavy ions upward, so according to the principle of action and reaction, the upper surface is still subjected to the static pressure of heavy ions due to the reaction force of charged heavy ions, that is, the aircraft does not exchange material and energy with the outside world, and its moving part is in a closed body, so the low pressure on the upper surface cannot be obtained.
At present, the vortex on manned aircraft is mainly the detached vortex (plane vortex) on the upper surface of the wing of fixed-wing aircraft, but the disadvantage of detached vortex is that it can not make full use of the kinetic energy of vortex, and can only be generated and utilized under certain conditions (such as high angle of attack) and cannot be controlled. However, in aircraft using airfoil wings, the existence of tip vortex will produce induced drag. In addition, the vortex formed by the fluid in the wake behind the object causes the pressure difference (shape) resistance of the object.
Therefore, how to make full use of the kinetic energy or vorticity of vortex to artificially generate vortex and control its lift and flight parameters is a historic problem.
Purpose of invention
The phenomenon and principle of human "smoke puff" and natural "typhoon" and "tornado" provide an idea that the three can be organically combined. When the fluid runs along the trajectory of the solenoid, it closes at both ends of the solenoid to form a circular vortex, which makes it have both vertical and horizontal rotation components and becomes a "three-dimensional vortex" (spiral annular vortex), just like the spiral plasma cycle in the tokamak device. The overflow flow is extracted from the "three-dimensional vortex" to make it shear and squeeze towards the center to form a "plane vortex", and then the part near the center of the "plane vortex" is piled and squeezed to make it expand to form a "central vortex tube", thus forming a "composite vortex" (vortex complex) which is an artificial "vortex complex of smoke rings, typhoons and tornadoes". From a certain point of view, only the plasma circulation in the thermonuclear fusion container is taken out and turned into a vortex, which evolves into a "plane vortex" and a "central vortex tube", which are realized by mechanical and electrical means respectively, and the physical forms of the fluid are gas and plasma respectively. This "vortex complex" has strong negative pressure like a tornado, strong self-control ability like smoke rings and typhoons, low induced loss and high fluid utilization rate, and can be manually controlled and supplemented, making it the only choice for new helicopter aerodynamics.
What we should pay special attention to is that this new aerodynamic model "induces" a "conical vortex downwash" flight flow field, which is the natural nemesis of "vertical shear wind", that is, when flying below the troposphere, the lift parameters of the aircraft will not be affected by the turbulent airflow in any direction (including vertical shear wind), nor will they be affected by the "angle of attack change" of the lifting surface. When encountering the vertical shear wind from top to bottom, although the total pressure and static pressure of the air sucked by the vortex from above increase, the induction ratio and quality of the vortex to the surrounding air are improved at the same time, the induction efficiency is improved, and the lift is increased. Moreover, because the vortex is artificially generated and stays on the lifting surface, there will be no "effective angle of attack" problem of ordinary wings, so the aircraft will not descend but will have a certain upward trend, that is, it has a special self-compensation function for vertical shear wind, which is suitable for this "vortex complex" and can be easily controlled manually by adjusting the height and intensity of the vortex; Its perfect aerodynamic characteristics and excellent controllability have completely surpassed the eddy currents on insect wings and reached the peak of the invention and application of human aerodynamics.
At present, most vortex manufacturing equipment is called "vortex generator", which produces the usual "plane vortex". The invention first creates a "three-dimensional vortex", that is, a new vortex similar to a spiral wound ring (annular solenoid), and then sequentially evolves into a "plane vortex" and a "central vortex tube", thus realizing the synthesis, retention, restraint, condensation and the like of this "vortex complex", which is caused by the special structure of the vortex generator or its own magnetic field.
The technical scheme of the invention
The present invention includes two kinds of vortex condensers, mechanical and electric, and three kinds of aircrafts that use this new vortex to generate lift, namely, flying cars, jet helicopters and saucer-shaped aircrafts, and many new components, etc.
In particular, it is pointed out that the vortex condenser of the present invention not only produces "three-dimensional vortex", but also forms "plane vortex" by shearing and squeezing the fluid overflowing or decelerating at its upper part due to its eccentric angle, thus forming two kinds of vortices, namely, the "three-dimensional vortex" is superimposed on the "plane vortex", and the adjustment of lift and efficiency parameters is mainly realized by the "central vortex tube"; In addition, the plane vortex can be generated independently by slightly modifying the condenser; The advantages of three-dimensional vortex over plane vortex are as follows: the boundary layer formed by three-dimensional vortex on the surface of rectifier channel is always active due to the energy obtained by vortex rotation in the vertical plane, which prevents accumulation, instead of the boundary layer at the lower part of plane vortex gradually accumulating and thickening towards the rotation center; In addition, the three-dimensional vortex occupies a large area on the outer edge of the circular surface, while the plane vortex has the maximum rotation speed only in the central area of the circular surface, so the superposition and existence of the two vortices can complement each other.
Lift principle: the invention first creates a "three-dimensional vortex", and then evolves into a "plane vortex" and a "central vortex tube" in turn, thus forming a "composite vortex" integrating the three; That is to say, the "three-dimensional vortex" is used as the skeleton, the "plane vortex" as the main body and the "central vortex tube" as the skin to induce the surrounding air to form a "conical vortex downwash" on the lifting surface, that is, the "vortex" induces the momentum of the surrounding air with a small amount of jet energy, so as to obtain high efficiency and low induced loss lift; There are two kinds of eddy currents here, that is, a plane eddy current is superimposed on and in the three-dimensional eddy current. In the three-dimensional vortex, some fluids with decreasing circumferential velocity and increasing radial velocity are separated at any time. The separated fluids in all directions have an eccentric angle at first and are attracted by the low pressure area in the center of the circular surface. They first slow down and overflow into the circle, then are squeezed into the center by mutual shearing, and then accelerate. The center of the "plane vortex" forms a rising "central vortex tube", and its internal space is a low-pressure windless area. The vortex tube extends upward and is freely twisted into a funnel or horn shape by centrifugal force, and a "pressure gradient layer" or "shear flow layer" is formed between the vortex tube of the funnel or horn and the lower vortex. This "shear flow layer" is also rotating, which is the transition layer between the lower high-speed fluid and the upper static atmosphere. This is similar to the "Coanda effect", that is, the velocity of the surface fluid is the highest, and the velocity of the fluid gradually decreases to the upper or outer layer, and a low pressure is obtained on the lifting surface because of the pressure gradient. Here, the shear flow layer continuously transfers vorticity or rotation to the upper layer and the surrounding atmosphere, that is, it exchanges energy with the surrounding environment, that is, the surrounding atmosphere is induced and attracted to the central vortex tube, and the vorticity transferred by the central vortex tube also rotates to become a low-speed and large-mass rotating fluid, and then the shear flow layer or the pressure gradient layer is induced to reduce the static pressure of the following two vortex systems; "Three-dimensional vortex" occupies most of the outer edge of the circular lifting surface, and its speed is uniform, while "plane vortex" has a relatively low speed at the edge of the circular surface and accelerates again near the center of the circle. Plane vortex is located above and in the ring of three-dimensional vortex, and it also becomes the upper shear layer and transition layer of three-dimensional vortex, and there is a strong interaction between plane vortex and upper shear layer. Vorticity generated by high altitude and surrounding air diffuses outward and downward. The closer to the vortex or bottom vortex of the "central vortex tube", the greater the vorticity of the surrounding air, and the surrounding air is attracted from above. After the vorticity is obtained, it rotates outward and downward at the edge of the lifting surface, which has a "downwash velocity" and forms a "conical vortex downwash flow" flight flow field around the circular lifting surface from top to bottom through induction. When the lifting surface area is larger, the velocity of bottom vortex or surface fluid is higher, the height of "central vortex tube" is higher, the strength is stronger (when the diameter of vortex tube is fixed), the downwash speed of vortex is smaller, and the induced upper air mass is larger, the lift efficiency and induced power loss are better; Because the formation of vortex downwash has a long process of obtaining vorticity, the induction time of vortex to the surrounding air is sufficient, the efficiency is high and the vorticity distribution is uniform; A unique lift phenomenon of vortex is that the "central vortex tube" forms a "central low-pressure windless zone" due to the centrifugal effect and viscosity of the high-speed rotating air column, which is a "vacuumizing phenomenon". Especially when the "central vortex tube" is high and the rotating speed is high, such as straw tornado, or the Reynolds number is small, such as insect wing vortex, the pressure in windless area can be reduced more obviously. In addition, the rotation of the fluid makes it travel farther above the limited lift area, and it takes longer to "do work", that is, the induced or affected ambient air is richer, more sufficient and more uniform; Vortex downwash has both horizontal and vertical velocity components. For the realization of vortex lift by mechanical means, the lateral obstruction of aircraft fuselage and vertical tail, or the induction of large camber flap, or the mutual induction of two counter-rotating vortices all have an impact on the distribution ratio of the two velocity components of vortex downwash, that is, the horizontal velocity decreases, the vertical velocity increases, and even the downwash vortex can be completely eliminated. To improve the induction ratio of eddy current to surrounding air, some positive ions can be mixed in the downwash flow for electric mode (UFO aircraft), which can be induced and changed by lower magnetic field. In addition, the proportion of ions contained in the vortex downwash can be increased, and the rotating speed of the lower "rotating magnetic field" can also be increased, so that the vortex downwash can be driven by Lorentz force. Vortex downwash is the phenomenon and inevitable result of vortex-induced lift in the surrounding air flow field. However, when flying forward, the excessively high central vortex tube and the excessively thick shear layer will be blown by the incoming flow in flight and stretched backward into detached vortex, resulting in greater induced resistance and loss. Therefore, the height of the central vortex tube should be reduced as much as possible, or "solidified" by magnetic field, but it should be lifted vertically and at low altitude. The height and strength of the "central vortex tube" can be increased (when the diameter is fixed), and more vorticity or rotation can be concentrated in the "central vortex tube", so that the surrounding air quality attracted and induced is greater, and the speed of "rotating downwash" is lower, that is, the induction ratio and efficiency are improved; Because of the strong suction force, the vortex edge will suck a certain amount of "vortex edge suction flow" from the surrounding or even the lower part of the body; For air vortex, the vorticity of its "central vortex tube" diffusion can occupy an important position; For the "ion mixed gas vortex" in a strong magnetic field, stronger interaction can be produced because the surrounding air and the outer layer of the vortex are repeatedly ionized and neutralized. In addition, the surface of the engine body makes the vortex face convex towards the center, and the vorticity of its "plane vortex" can be the main part. When flying forward, the "center vortex tube of ion mixed gas" can be reduced. When hovering or ascending, air and plasma are mixed and formed after being adjusted and contracted by magnetic field. Therefore, in addition to the "vacuumizing phenomenon" of the central vortex tube, the low-pressure lift, the velocity of the fluid on the lifting surface, the thickness of the "shear flow layer" or "pressure gradient layer", the induced ambient air quality and the "downwash speed" are all aerodynamically induced lift factors, but for the existing fixed wing, whether there is an airfoil or not, whether the wing belongs to supersonic speed.
The similarity between the two types of scroll condensers is that after rectification and control, the fluids all form "three-dimensional vortex", "plane vortex" and "central vortex tube", and multiple three-dimensional vortices can be nested on the lifting surface, but only one plane vortex and one central vortex tube can be formed at the same time, and surface protrusions, bulges and attachments can be formed on the surface.
The difference between the two types of scroll condensers is that the rectifying channels of mechanical condensers are all composed of mechanical parts, including the bottom scroll, the side compressor panel and the top torsion surface, which condense, restrain and shape the gas through mechanical force; The rectifier channel of the electrocoagulator is the vortex magnetic field and the pulse magnetic field of the central induction coil, and the "vortex complex" of ion mixed gas is realized by electromagnetic force; The working medium of vortex is also divided into gas and ion mixture.
The outer side of the vortex track at the bottom of the mechanical condenser is an annular groove, the outer side of the annular groove is a side air compressor panel, and the middle and upper part of the side air compressor panel is a top torsion surface, and both the side air compressor panel and the top torsion surface can be rotated or fixed or naturally extended. The cross-sectional shape of the inner surface of the annular groove is a smooth convex curve, which can make a practical choice between fluid loss and torsion efficiency. The best cross-sectional shape of the inner surface of the annular groove and the side compressor panel is an arc segment, which can have the smallest fluid loss, and the best cross-sectional shape of the inner surface of the top torsion compression surface is an involute (spiral) segment, which can twist the fluid with the highest efficiency; On the inner surface of the side compressor panel and the top torsional compression surface, there may be airflow rotation rifling or vortex generator on the fixed-wing aircraft, both of which can enhance the airflow rotation on the vertical plane, but the emphasis is different. The airflow rotating rifling strengthens the exterior of the rotating airflow on the vertical plane, while the vortex generator strengthens its interior. Three-dimensional eddy current forms positive pressure on the outside of the groove surface due to centrifugal action, and there is no lift, but negative pressure on the inside of the groove surface.
The vortex condenser of a flying car uses a centrifuge to suck air from the upper part, and then rotates through centrifugation to obtain a high-speed or even high-subsonic airflow. There are "air inlet guide vanes" above the air inlet of the centrifuge, which can ensure the smooth formation of plane vortex at the beginning, prevent "starting difficulty" and adjust the height and strength of the central vortex tube.
The airflow source of vortex condenser of jet helicopter is jet from engine. If the jet from the engine exceeds the speed of sound, it must be decelerated through the drainage channel (involute groove) to obtain the required subsonic airflow. The flat nozzle or the special spiral airflow generator in the engine combustion chamber can be directly installed at the air inlet of the annular groove, and the involute groove can be cancelled at this time, provided that the jet velocity is subsonic; A "central vortex tube generator" is installed in the central area of the circular surface of the condenser to ensure the smooth formation of plane vortex at the beginning and prevent "starting difficulty". By adjusting the height and strength of the central vortex tube, the lift efficiency and parameters can be adjusted and controlled in flight.
Under the constraint of strong magnetic field, the three-dimensional vortex of plasma in the vortex condenser of saucer-shaped aircraft can be supersonic, but it will not form shock wave. The surface of the aircraft is coiled into a vortex by a unique new ion accelerator in a multi-involute way, and the magnetic lines emitted from the inner and outer openings at the center and circumferential edge form a unique "vortex magnetic field". Most magnetic lines have a vertical component pointing to the center and a parallel component along the circumferential tangent, and most magnetic lines have a vertical component perpendicular to the circular surface. When ions flow, the vertical component of cutting is the centripetal force generated by Lorentz force, and the parallel component can also restrain ions. Finally, the fluid flows along the conical surface in a circular orbit and becomes a vortex, that is to say, this unique magnetic field also acts as a "container" to retain and restrain the vortex. The negative ions in the same direction as the positive ions are subjected to centrifugal force, and the positive and negative charges are separated and unstable. In order to make the fluid charge distribution uniform and obtain stability, it must also rotate like a solenoid like the plasma flow in the tokamak device. The central induction coil generates an induced current in the annular loop formed by the plasma jet, and forms a circumferential magnetic field in the fluid, which is superimposed with the parallel component of the "vortex magnetic field" to form a spiral total magnetic field. Make the plasma move spirally along the magnetic field lines, that is, rotate with the solenoid magnetic field, and finally get a "three-dimensional vortex". At any time, some ions whose speed decreases along the circumferential direction of the great circle are separated, and under the guidance of the magnetic lines of the "vortex magnetic field", they move spirally towards the center of the circle, and shear and accelerate each other again, becoming a "plane vortex", so it is a form in which two kinds of vortices are superimposed and then squeezed from the vortex to the center of the circle. Superposed to form an obviously tall "central vortex tube" (also a two-dimensional plane vortex), which will loosen and spread outward under the action of magnetic field and centrifugation, inducing the surrounding air to become vortex downwash; It is necessary to ensure that the injection direction of some negative ions is opposite to that of positive ions, while the movement direction of other electron flows is the same as that of positive ions; The "solidification" of eddy current is relative, and only the main body of eddy current (three-dimensional eddy current) can be highly ionized and "solidified", which is a complete plasma state. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the outer layer of vortex (plane vortex and central vortex tube) can be easily reduced to air molecules, so that it has strong interaction with the surrounding air and partially ionizes with a large amount of air; As a component of vortex condenser, this ion accelerator is the main component of plasma jet equipment and the main propulsion engine of saucer-shaped aircraft, which has multiple functions. /Forum/