Fruit tree planting skills 1, seedling selection. Select high-quality seedlings with no pests and diseases, strong growth, developed roots, short internodes and no water loss. The leaves on the trunk and branches of seedlings are dark green and complete, shiny.
2. Apply enough root fertilizer. 7- 15 days before planting, on the basis of deep ploughing and soil improvement in the planting holes of mountain orchards, 0.5 kg of decomposed soybean bran or peanut bran or 0.5 kg of pig manure 10- 15 kg were applied to the flat orchards under the topsoil of fruit piers. Fertilizer should be fully mixed with soil, but not in direct contact with root groups to prevent root groups from being burned. That is, the fertilizer should be applied 30-35 cm away from the planting site or 20-30 cm below the planting site, and the clods in the planting site should be broken, and a small amount of fully decomposed manure water should be sprayed 3-5 days before planting to mix with the soil and be absorbed.
3, seedling finishing. After the seedlings are shipped back, they should be placed in a cool and rain-proof place to keep the roots moist. If the number of seedlings is large, it should be graded according to the size, and the roots and branches should be trimmed appropriately at the same time. Cut off rotten roots, withered roots and residual roots before planting. Cut the rotten roots to white, even the good ones. Some branches that are too weak or out of place should also be cut off. When the weather is too dry after long-distance transportation or planting, some leaves should be cut off appropriately to reduce water evaporation.
4. planting. When planting, the roots should be straight and straight, and evenly distributed in all directions and slightly obliquely downward in the planting hole. If the root fall occurs in several layers from the straight root, the root should be straightened in layers from bottom to top, filled with fine soil layer by layer, and compacted by hand, but don't use too much force to prevent the root from being broken. When the soil is halfway filled, gently lift the seedlings up, straighten the roots, straighten the plants, then fill the soil and step on it with your feet. The soil cannot be built high. It also needs to be supported by columns to prevent shaking from hurting the roots.
5. Water it in time. After the saplings are planted with soil, they should be watered thoroughly and covered with grass to keep them moist. Water 1 time every day within 5 days after planting, and water 1 time the next day after 5 days. After 20-30 days, you can gently pull open the topsoil for inspection. If new roots germinate, 1 times of decomposed thin manure can be applied.
6. Be scientific. After the seedlings are planted, according to the height of the seedlings, cut them short at the full buds of 50-60 cm, and then apply bio-oil to the wounds to prevent them from draining.
In order to prevent the fruit tree pier from sinking, the height of the fruit tree pier should be determined according to the depth of the planting hole or ditch and the amount of grass buried, so that the joints of the sunk seedlings are just exposed from the ground, which is beneficial to the growth and development of fruit trees.
Selection of fruit tree saplings. The saplings with excellent varieties should be purebred and adapt to the local natural environment. To develop new varieties of fruit trees, it is necessary to consult relevant scientific research departments and experts, and never trust advertisements and choose seeds by ear. The seedlings supplied by general scientific research units and competent departments are more reliable. For seedlings sold by individuals, the source of seedlings or scions must be made clear before purchase.
Second, the root system of fruit tree seedlings with excellent roots should have more lateral roots and fibrous roots, which are evenly distributed. The first-class and second-class seedlings should have more than three lateral roots, and the roots should not lose water.
3. Selection of superior specifications: The height of fruit seedlings should be 1 ~ 1.3 m, and the ground diameter (above the interface 10 cm) should be 0.8 ~ 1 cm. Grape Miao Di diameter is not less than 0.6 cm.
4. Germination conditions: the plastic belt below the fixed stem position must have more than 6 full and full leaf buds, so that good branches can be issued after the fixed stem position. Grape seedlings must have 3 ~ 4 full buds with high maturity.
Five, whether there are pests and diseases, choose the seedlings without pests and diseases, and the seedlings belonging to the quarantine scope should have quarantine certificates. Never introduce diseases, insects and weeds into quarantine objects, otherwise there will be endless troubles.
Sixth, whether there is mechanical damage, choose seedlings without mechanical damage, especially the phenomenon of broken roots and joints.
Seven. The maturity of mature seedlings should be high, with the skin color and leaf color of the variety, less fluff on the branches and no tender leaves in autumn to improve the cold resistance.
Eight, moisturizing status Choose saplings with fresh roots, no wrinkled skin and no dryness, especially saplings preserved by spraying salt water, so as not to reduce the survival rate.
Nine, grafting rootstocks All kinds of fruit trees have certain rootstock requirements. For example, the rootstock of wide-peel citrus is bitter orange, the rootstock of navel orange is sour orange, fragrant orange, little red orange and earthy lemon, the rootstock of pomelo is sour pomelo, the rootstock of pear is Li Tang and Li Dou, the rootstock of peach and plum is peach and mountain peach, and the rootstock of loquat and bayberry is seedling. Rootstock affinity is not suitable and not strong, which hinders the development of seedlings.