The excess free liquid accumulated in abdominal cavity is called "ascites", also called "puddle" or "puddle swelling". Ascites may be a part of systemic edema. Under normal circumstances, there may be a small amount of liquid in the abdominal cavity, but generally it will not exceed 200ml. If the free liquid in the abdominal cavity exceeds 65,438+0,500 ml, flowing dullness may occur (the examination method is: the patient lies on his back in bed, bends his legs, and the examiner pats on his abdomen. When there is a heavy "plop" sound, it means that there are substantial substances in the body. After that, the examiner's hand is still in the place where the voiced sound appears, so that the patient can change his position and take a lateral position. When the examiner hits the original voice again at this time, it can be found that the voiced sound is aggravated or disappeared).

If abdominal bulge is found, it should be differentiated from obesity, huge ovarian cyst, bladder filling, huge hydronephrosis, pregnancy and flatulence. The difference between ascites and obesity: when obesity occurs, other parts of the body may be plump and obese, the abdominal fat layer is thick, the abdomen is spherical and swollen, and there is no frog abdomen (that is, when lying on your back, the central abdomen has no fullness and looks like a frog abdomen), and the navel is sunken and silent. The difference between ascites and giant ovarian cyst: in giant ovarian cyst, abdominal swelling is obvious, which looks like ascites, but it has a long history, slow onset and no obvious systemic symptoms. In supine position, the abdomen bulges forward more obviously than the two sides, and the umbilicus moves upward. The maximum abdominal circumference is below the umbilical level, and the shape is asymmetrical. The maximum abdominal circumference is below the umbilical level, and the shape is asymmetrical, and the peak value is from the umbilicus to the iliac bones on both sides. The difference between ascites and flatulence: when flatulence occurs, such as acute gastric distension and chronic intestinal obstruction, the patient's abdomen swells due to excessive flatulence, and the whole abdomen swells when tapping, without exercise dullness. Other cysts or hydronephrosis in abdominal cavity can cause abdominal distension, but it is characterized by long course of disease, slow onset and no obvious systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea and vomiting. The bulging abdomen is asymmetrical in appearance, and one side or one side of the waist and hypochondrium bulges, and bowel sounds can be heard. Generally, if you can't tell the difference by yourself, you'd better go to the hospital and ask a doctor for treatment.

The causes of ascites can be cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, kidney diseases, malnutrition and so on. Because the causes of ascites are different, all the causes of ascites are different. After the formation of a large number of ascites, proteinuria can be produced, resulting in a decrease in urine volume. Patients with ascites may also have weakened or disappeared abdominal respiratory movement, accompanied by other symptoms, such as congestive heart failure, palpitation, shortness of breath, cough, hemoptysis, systemic edema and so on. Patients with tuberculous peritonitis may have symptoms such as fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort or pain, especially children and young people. The onset of ascites in liver cirrhosis is hidden and the course of disease is slow. Hepatomegaly may occur in the early stage, or only poor appetite, nausea and vomiting, pain and discomfort in the liver area, etc. In the late stage, varicose veins of the abdominal wall, splenomegaly and hypersplenism may occur, and some patients may also have gloomy complexion, emaciation, anemia, spider nevus (bright red nevus composed of dilated arterioles and their tiny branches, which looks like spiders and is common in the face, neck, upper chest, shoulders and upper limbs), red palms, and feminization of male breasts. It can also be complicated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, infection and hepatic coma. This disease is common in middle-aged people, with a large amount of ascites and moderate splenomegaly. When I touched the liver, I found that the texture was hard. But if the cause is not clear, symptomatic treatment can be carried out.