We know that there are many ways to grow grapes, such as layering, cutting and grafting. Among them, most fruit farmers use cuttage, which is called asexual reproduction.
Grape cutting should be selected in the spring from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius;
Plant spacing should be 20 × 25cm;
The bud eye of the cutting is upward to prevent reverse insertion;
Two-thirds of the cuttings are buried underground, and the terminal buds are about 3 cm from the ground and inclined to the north;
The cutting substrate should be river sand, perlite and peat, which is loose, breathable and not fertilized.
The layering method should be carried out in June-August. When the grape branches grow to about 1 m, the core is removed, and when the lateral buds grow to 15 to 20 cm, the branches are buried in shallow ditches and covered with soil to expose new buds.
In grape planting, grafting is used to replace some grape varieties with poor quality or unsuitable for the market.
The grafting method is very simple and the survival rate is extremely high. This method can not only greatly shorten the growth cycle, but also make the fruit mature early and have high quality. After grafting, the management of grapes needs to be strengthened. Generally, it will heal and germinate in two weeks after grafting. After germination, it is necessary to gently scrape the soil surface, which is conducive to the green germination of new buds.
Fruit farmers should cut off the bundle in time, otherwise it will affect the growth of grapes. We should not slack off on plants that have been successfully grafted. It is necessary to strengthen the management of water and fertilizer and prevent and control pests and diseases in time.
Having said so many common planting methods, finally, let's talk about the planting method that can produce the best varieties-sowing method, which is a method of sexual reproduction. Although this method grows slowly, the cultivated fruit is big and sweet.
Different from other planting methods, the sowing method is to buy grapes, eat them and put their seeds in the soil to take root and sprout. Next spring, take some new buds from last year's branches and leave a few strongest ones.
With sufficient rain, the grapes gradually ripened. When transplanted in rainy days, yellow-green buds will appear in May of the third year, which will blossom and bear fruit.
It should be noted that grapes need a lot of fertilizer, and fruit farmers should control the fertilizer and water. It is generally not recommended to water the grapes within 1 week after spending money. After the fruit is set, water it with big water and apply big fertilizer to promote the growth of the fruit.
The rainy season will cause soil erosion, so it is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions and apply fertilizer according to fertility loss and grape growth.
In addition, after heavy rain and rainstorm, the surface hardening may occur in the vineyard, which leads to the lack of oxygen in the grape root system, decreased resistance and easy disease. Fruit farmers should loosen the soil in time to increase soil permeability.
No matter how effective the planting method is, it can't resist the disaster of frozen insects. Grapes are most afraid of freezing injury. When the low temperature of grape roots drops to MINUS 6 degrees Celsius, their roots will freeze, and when the ground temperature reaches MINUS 8 degrees Celsius, they will all freeze.
In order to control it, the grapes should be watered with frozen water before being buried in the cold-proof soil in winter. In places where the weather is particularly cold, you can pile some cold-proof things such as horse manure and firewood on the cold-proof soil to protect the grapes from freezing. In addition to preventing freezing damage, we should also pay attention to bird damage. Birds often peck grapes when they are about to ripen. Fruit farmers can use newspapers as paper covers to prevent bird damage and reduce sunburn and bacterial infection of grapes.