Planting ginseng in the flat land mostly adopts the direction of southern Xinjiang; When planting ginseng in mountainous areas, it is advisable to take Hengshan Mountain, Shunshan Mountain or make a border with a certain angle according to the slope of the mountain. Reproduce with seeds
(1) During July and August, the seeds can be sown when they are fresh, and the seeds can emerge in the following spring after they mature in the soil. Or bury the seeds in the sand to accelerate germination. The method is to dig a pit with a depth of 15-20 cm in a sunny and dry place. The length and width of the pit depend on the number of seeds. The bottom of the pit was covered with pebbles and covered with a layer of fine sand screened. Rub off the peel of fresh ginseng seeds, or soak them in clear water for 2 hours, take them out, mix them with the same volume of wet fine sand, put them in into the pit, cover them with fine sand for 5-6 cm, then cover them with a layer of soil to keep them moist, and cover them tightly in rainy days to prevent rainwater from flowing into rotten seeds. Check the rotation 1 time every half month. If the amount of water is insufficient, spray water appropriately; If the humidity is too high, sieve the ginseng seeds and dry the sand. After natural temperature change, the seeds can complete the post-ripening process of embryos, and can be planted in winter when cracks appear in the middle and early June. You can also sow the seeds before they germinate around the vernal equinox. The sowing method is that the row spacing is 5cm, the plant spacing is 3cm, and the soil is 2cm. Then the whole border is covered with 3-5cm thick straw to keep moisture. If 0. 1 ml/L ① abt rooting powder solution is used to soak the palmetto palmetto treated by sand storage, the root weight of palmetto palmetto can be significantly increased.
Seedling transplantation
(2) Transplanting after 2-3 years, usually from the end of 10 to the first half of10. If planted in spring, it should be done before the seedlings germinate. When transplanting, select strong seedlings with milky white roots, no pests and diseases, large spores, full pith and long roots, and transplant them according to three grades: large, medium and small. Before planting, it can be properly shaped to remove excess fibrous roots. Be careful not to tear the root bark. Soak the root 100-200 times of zineb or 1: 1: 140 times of Bordeaux solution for 0/0 minute. Be careful not to soak spores. When transplanting, it should be horizontally arranged in the border, with the row spacing of 25-30cm and the plant spacing of 8- 13cm. Planting horizontally or obliquely. The roots of flat cultivated ginseng are parallel to the border base; The reed head inclines upward, and the ginseng root forms an angle of 30-45 degrees with the border base. The roots of oblique planted ginseng are covered with deep soil, which is beneficial to drought prevention. After trenching, arrange the ginseng roots, cover all the ginseng roots with soil first, and then level the border. The depth of soil covering depends on the size of seedlings, generally 4-6 cm, and then straw is covered on the border to save water. (1) winter management
During the period from the end of 5438+1 to the beginning of June 5438+0 1, when the leaves of palmetto, which have grown for more than1year, wither, the dead leaves should be removed from the ground in time, buried deeply or burned. Before freezing, according to the situation of the border, boil the overwintering water and cover the border with straw.
(2) Build a shade shed
After the seedlings are unearthed, they should be put away in time for shade. Canopy is divided into low shed and high shed. The height of the front eaves column of the short shed is 90- 120 cm, and the height of the rear eaves column is 70-90 cm. Wooden columns and cement columns can be used to separate the two sides of the boundary. A cross bar is fixed on the column along the border. Crossbars can be made of bamboo poles or taut iron wires. Cover it with a reed curtain with a width of L.8- 1.2m, so that the rainwater cannot directly fall on the frame. Before the rainy season comes, cover the second reed curtain. The stump should be upright to prevent unevenness. The high shed covers the whole ground with a height of1.8-1.2m.. Cement poles are used as columns, bamboo poles are used as crisscross scaffolding, and reeds are covered on them, with light transmittance of 25% ~ 30%.
(3) weeding and loosening soil
Weeding and loosening the soil should be done in time before the palm leaves appear, or when the soil is hardened, the soil humidity is too high, and there are many weeds in the border, so as to keep the soil loose and reduce the harm of weeds, but it should be easy and not too diligent.
(4) After irrigation and seeding or transplanting, in case of drought, spray irrigation or infiltration irrigation in time. If there is too much rain, dig a drainage ditch and drain the accumulated water in time.
(5) Topdressing
Generally, topdressing is not needed in the year of sowing or transplanting. Before the spring seedlings were unearthed in the second year, the straw covering the border was removed, a layer of decomposed farm manure was sprinkled and a small amount of calcium superphosphate was applied. After loosening the soil, mix it with the soil and water it immediately after the soil is dry. During the growing period, 2% calcium superphosphate solution or 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be used for topdressing outside the roots from June to August.
(6) soil culture and bud culture
When the roots of ginseng are loose due to too shallow soil covering or shaking by the wind, the soil should be cultivated in time. Because of phototaxis, the stems and leaves of ginseng plants near the front or the edge of ginseng land grow outward, and it is easy to cause many diseases such as spot disease and epidemic disease in hot and rainy summer. Therefore, the ginseng plants that grow outward should be pushed into the border and compacted with soil to make them grow inward. After three years of growth, palmetto can blossom and bear fruit every year, and buds should be removed in time for plots that do not receive seeds.
Pests and Diseases Control There are many pests and diseases of ginseng, and there are more than 40 known diseases, which are serious and should be comprehensively controlled.
(l) Rhizoctonia solani
It originated in May, and seriously harmed seedlings from June to July. Prevention and control methods: appropriately increase the light and loosen the soil; Remove the diseased plants in time when they are found, and spray or water them with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution.
(2) The epidemic started in June and the whole factory was damaged. Prevention and control methods: reduce the humidity in the field; Spray 1∶ 1∶ 120 times bordeaux solution or 400 times ethyl phosphate solution at the early stage of onset.
(3) Rust rot
Originated in May, mainly root injury. Prevention and treatment: reduce the wound during transplantation and soak the root with medicine; Reduce the humidity in the field; At the onset, 50% carbendazim 500 times solution can be used to flush the ward.
(4) Black spot disease
From late May to early June, it damaged the whole factory. Control method: select disease-free seeds for seed disinfection, which can be soaked in polyoxin 200 international units for 24 hours, then taken out and dried in the shade, or seed dressing according to 0.2%-0.5% of the seed weight; Remove diseased plants; Spraying with polyoxin 100-200 international unit at the initial stage of onset, and alternately spraying with 1: 100- 180 times bordeaux solution or dichlorvos solution, or 800- 1000 times zineb solution in rainy season.
The main pests are grubs, grubs, needle worms, cutworms and so on. , mainly harmful to the roots. The control methods can be poison bait trapping and artificial killing. ① Weakness after treatment: Panax ginseng 15g. Decoct with water. (hebei journal of traditional chinese medicine Manual)
② Treatment of cough and asthma: Palm Ginseng 100g, 42 lilies and 42 jujubes each. Decoct with water. Take it before meals, half a cup each time. (Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine)
③ Treatment of bleeding and leucorrhea due to prolonged diarrhea: Ginseng San Qian, decoction; Or ground, eight minutes each time, twice a day. (Ningxia Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine)
④ Treatment of traumatic injury: San Qian, decocted in water or soaked in wine. (Ningxia Chinese herbal medicine book)
⑤ Treatment of hepatitis: Make appropriate amount of bergamot, Polygonatum sibiricum and tomato into syrup. Take 10 ~ 15 ml each time, three times a day, and reduce the dosage for children. (Selected works of the exhibition Infectious Diseases).
⑥ Treatment of brucellosis: bergamot, Sophora flavescens and Viola yedoensis are equal. San Qian is decocted in water twice a day. (Selected data of new medical methods of Chinese herbal medicines in Inner Mongolia)
⑦ Treatment of blood deficiency and hypogalactia: Palm root with Radix Astragali, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Rhapontici and Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati. Decoct with water. (Handbook of Plateau Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment)
Should avoid the "plateau Chinese herbal medicine treatment manual": external factors should not be taken.
Meridian tropism "Chinese herbal medicines commonly used in Sichuan": entering the lung, spleen and stomach meridians.
Usage and dosage Oral decoction,15 ~ 50g; Grind or make syrup or soak in wine. The dried tuber is palm-shaped, divided by fingers, usually with 4-6 fissures, slightly flat, 2.5-3.5 cm long and 2-2.5 cm in diameter, with a shriveled surface and light yellow color, and sometimes a 1 brown ring around the stem scar.
Hard; Slices are white and gelatinous.
The gas is single-minded and the taste is light.
Northeast and Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Hebei and other places.
The tuber of Eupatorium adenophorum is also used as medicine in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces.
The main differences with ginseng are: the leaves are oval or oval, and the width is more than 3 cm; Bracts are much longer than flowers; Flowers yellow-green, lips 2 ~ 3-lobed, spur short saccate. Gan, Ping.
① Ningxia Chinese herbal medicine manual: sweet and slightly bitter, slightly cold.
② Common Chinese herbal medicines in Sichuan: sweet in taste and flat in nature.
③ Manual of Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment in Plateau: mild in nature, sweet in taste and non-toxic. Whole sea cucumber contains 6% volatile oil, including methyl vanillin and sunflower oil. The root tuber contains mucus, starch, protein, sugar, calcium oxalate and inorganic salts.
Uses: nourishing qi and blood, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst. Treat lung deficiency, cough and asthma, fatigue and emaciation, neurasthenia, chronic diarrhea, blood loss, leukorrhagia, galactorrhea and chronic hepatitis.
① northeast herbal records: made into mucus, used for poisoning and diarrhea; Soaking wine is a powerful essence.
② Shanxi TCM records: astringing to stop bleeding and detoxifying. Treat long-term diarrhea, blood loss, gonorrhea and leucorrhea.
3 Heilongjiang folk Chinese medicine: soaking in wine to treat impotence.
④ Illustration of Chinese medicinal plants: removing blood stasis. Blood accumulated from falls and injuries is difficult to treat.
⑤ "Common Chinese Herbal Medicines in Sichuan": enriching blood and benefiting qi, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst. Treat lung deficiency, cough and asthma, asthenia, emaciation and galactorrhea.
⑥ Chinese herbal medicine commonly used in Tibet: treating chronic hepatitis.
⑦ Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine: nourishing and strengthening, invigorating spleen and moistening lung, calming nerves and relieving convulsion, benefiting qi and relieving pain. Treat weakness, neurasthenia, strain, cough and asthma.