Management technology of peach in greenhouse
First, early cultivation, early formation and early fruiting.
Because of the high density of peach trees in greenhouse, in order to obtain higher income in the early stage, plastic surgery and flower cultivation should be completed within one year. In the early stage, we should speed up growth and take shape early, and in the later stage, we should control growth and bloom more. In plastic surgery, whether it is slender spindle shape or "Y" shape, we should put the output first. On the premise of sufficient fertilizer and water supply, it is necessary to pick the seeds many times to promote more secondary and tertiary branches, and also consider the permanent result, that is, not to start the cultured branches to maintain a certain growth potential. Otherwise, because peach trees have high germination rate, strong branch formation and large growth of branches and leaves, if the lower branches are quickly blocked by the upper branches and leaves, it will be difficult to cultivate them in the later stage. Therefore, when the trunk is about 40 cm high, skeleton branches should be selected in time, and the branches that affect the growth of skeleton branches should be pulled, separated and twisted to change their positions.
Second, root control and crown control
Container cultivation and root pruning are effective methods to control root growth. In order to get benefits earlier in the greenhouse, peach trees can be planted in containers, such as flowerpots and woven bags. Because the nutrient area is small and the growth will not be too vigorous, the method of thinning branches and picking more stones can be adopted. For peach trees planted directly in greenhouse, root cutting should be carried out two years later, that is, after fruit harvesting, some fine roots should be cut off by ditching and fertilizing between rows to play the role of root cutting.
Third, turn on the light path
Greenhouse cultivation belongs to high-density cultivation, and with the use of paclobutrazol in the early stage, the branches grow downward. If the tree is spindle-shaped, it is easy to form the upper and peripheral branches drooping, covering the lower and internal branches, resulting in planarization and low yield. Therefore, it is necessary to thin the dense branches above and turn on the light path. In addition, it is necessary to "block" the leafy branches, so that the branches below can get more nutrients and moisture, forming a three-dimensional effect.
Fourth, thinning and remodeling.
In the first two years, high density was to obtain early yield. With the increase of the number of branches, the crown appeared. At this time, the individual plant and the whole structure should be adjusted by thinning and shearing. Seen from the horizontal direction, trees can be separated alternately to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions; Viewed from the vertical direction, one side can be thinned, and there is room for "inserting" and no room for "letting", so as to make full use of the space. If necessary, the trunk can be transformed into a delayed open heart shape.
Five, exquisite winter scissors, diligent summer scissors
The main purpose of pruning peach in greenhouse in summer is to control the vigorous growth of branches, solve the problem of ventilation and light transmission, and promote flower bud differentiation and fruit ripening. The upright branches and branches on the back should be wiped off as soon as possible; If the branch and orientation are not suitable, adjust the angle by pulling the branch; When there is space, but the new tip is too prosperous, pick the heart and twist the tip; Loosen and remove branches that are too dense. After the fruit is harvested, it should return to the shrinking, stout and short fruiting branches to promote the formation of the crown. During the fruit coloring period, branches should be hung, pulled and a small number of leaves should be picked to improve the coloring. The focus of pruning in winter is to keep the tree shape, choose to leave preparatory branches, and finely prune all kinds of fruit branches. Long fruit branches generally leave 4-8 pairs of flower buds; Leave 3-5 pairs of flower buds on medium fruit branches; Short fruit branches are not cut; Bouquet-shaped fruiting branches are retracted and pruned according to the position, length and thickness of fruiting parent branches. Pay attention to the cultivation and renewal of branches, and keep the prepared branches, otherwise the branches will easily form bare legs and will soon weaken.