Lu you
In those days, Wanli sought a seal, and one horse guarded Liangzhou.
Where is the dream of closing the river, the dust darkens the old mink and fur.
The Hu people are still alive, the temples are frosty in autumn, and the affectionate tears are dry.
Who could have predicted in this life that the original intention was to leave the enemy in Tianshan Mountain, but now he is destined to die of old age in Cangzhou!
The Southern Song Dynasty, which is poor, weak and increasingly embarrassed, is an era in which heroes are needed, but it is also an era of "excess" of heroes. Lu You took fighting against Jin Xingguo as his duty all his life, but he had no choice but to ask for help, and was repeatedly relegated. In his later years, he retired to Yin Shan, and his ambition was hard to realize. "Strong men are lonely and idle, and famous flowers are scattered in the rain." The autumn of history, the storm of the times, the true nature of heroes and the difficulties of reality have all contributed to this tragic and melancholy "Complaining for Love".
When writing this poem, the poet was nearly seventy years old, living in his hometown, not forgetting the worries of his home country, becoming a martyr in his twilight years, with great ambitions. This high political enthusiasm and never-failing patriotism form the lofty beauty of his poetic style. However, ambition can't be realized and no one understands it. Although "people are as dead as iron" and have no choice but to "serve the country and die without a battlefield", this deep sense of oppression has formed a tragic mood in his poems. The lyrics are loyal and angry, full of sadness.
In the first two sentences, "When Wan Li was looking for prints, he kept Liangzhou alone", and the poet reappeared the heroic spirit of the former top gun and went to the front line behind enemy lines. "That year" refers to the eight years of Avenue (1 172). At that time, Lu You came to Nanzheng (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province) and defected to Wang Yan, the ambassador of Fu Xuan, Sichuan. At the front, he personally participated in the encounter with the nomads from the army. "Searching for India" uses the allusion of Ban Chao's meritorious military service in a foreign country to write his ambition to serve the motherland and clean up the old rivers and mountains. The word "Qiu" shows the poet's self-promise, self-confident ambition and firm and persistent pursuit spirit. "Wan Li" and "Pima" are in sharp contrast in spatial image. Pima Li, "In his prime, he joined the army and swallowed the remnants of Lu" ("Xie Chichun"), presents an extraordinary atmosphere. "Sad songs hit the building, relying on high wine" ("Eye-catching"), "Call the eagle to the ancient base and cut the tiger flat" ("Han Gong Chun"), the heroic and exciting military life is still vivid in my mind, and he is always haunted by dreams. The reason for this is that strong desires are suppressed too much, and repressed feelings can only be vented in dreams. "Where the dream closes the river, the dust darkens the old mink and fur". Lu You was transferred after only half a year in Nanzheng front. From then on, he closed the river defense and could only realize his wishes in his dreams from time to time, but he didn't know where he was when he woke up. Only the old mink put on the uniform, gray and black. A word "dark" turns the passage of time and personnel into a hazy picture of dust, and the mood is full of melancholy.
At the beginning of the first film, the word "that year" wedged into the memories of the heroic military life in the past, and the tone was high, and the dream was shattered, forming a strong emotional gap and turning generosity into sadness. The following films further expressed the contradiction between ideal and reality, fell into a deeper sigh, and sadness turned into depression.
"Hu is not extinguished, and the first autumn, tears flow empty." These three sentences are tight and short, and they will never succeed in life. Looking at the northwest, China sank, and the remnants were not swept; Looking back on life, the years are dark and the temples are pale; Looking back on the past, although the ambition is there, it is difficult to pay for it. The words "Wei", "Xian" and "Kong" show deep feelings in the comparison, and they are getting deeper and deeper: who has not been old since ancient times? However, the anti-Hu has not been extinguished, the achievements have not been achieved, and the years are passing. This makes people feel the bitterness of "getting old first" urgently. "Nothing", a sadness filled my heart, life is the oldest! However, even after a few years, the temple is green again, how can we achieve the cause of "eliminating traitors and rejuvenating the Han Dynasty"? "Zhumen sings and dances, and the stable horse is fat and the bow is broken." "There is Qian Shan outside the cloud, and no one has asked." Therefore, the tears of worrying about the country are just "empty" streams. The word "empty" not only wrote the inner disappointment and pain, but also wrote the dissatisfaction and indignation of the small court in the southeast corner of Pian 'an where the monarch and his subjects were drunk. "Who knows that in this life, my heart is in Tianshan and I am always in Cangzhou". The last three sentences summarize your life and reflect on reality. "Tianshan Mountain" refers to the front line against the enemy, "Cangzhou" refers to a secluded place, and "Who expected this life" refers to "Who expected this life". The poet did not expect that his life would be constantly in the conflict between "mind" and "body". His mind was fascinated by the battlefield, but his body was lying in a remote village. He saw the "Tiema Glacier", but it was only in his dream. His mind was lifted high and flew to the "Tianshan Mountain", but his body fell heavily in Cangzhou. The word "who expected" describes the naivety of the past and the disappointment of today. "When I was young, I knew that things were difficult" and "Now I know the taste of sadness". Ideal and reality are so incompatible, no wonder the poet sighs loudly. At the end of the sentence "The heart is in Tianshan Mountain, the old Cangzhou", it is first raised and then suppressed, forming a big turning point. The poet is like an eagle bent on fighting the sky, but his feathers break and fall to the ground, groaning in pain.
Lu You's poems are indeed full of autumn life, but because the poet's sigh of "living in Cangzhou when he is old" contains more historical content, his tears are full of passionate feelings for the motherland. Therefore, the emotional appeal of the words embodies the characteristics of depression without losing openness and depth, which is more powerful and moving than the general works that only express personal depression.
Get out of the queue and give Chen Tongfu strong words.
Xin Qiji
Drunk in the dream of watching the sword under the oil lamp, dreaming back to the old days of the military camp, a horn sounded.
Eight hundred miles to divide the main fire, fifty strings to cross the Great Wall, and autumn soldiers on the battlefield.
Horses run like Ma Delu, bows and arrows fly like thunder.
It is a good idea for the emperor to complete the great cause of recovering the lost land of the country and gain a good reputation from generation to generation.
Poor hair has become a white-haired man!
Li Bai has a poem called Visit to Ancient Vietnam. The poem reads: "The King of Yue Gou Jian defeated Wu Gui, and the soldiers returned home in splendor. The ladies-in-waiting stayed in Man Chun Hall for a long time, but today only partridges can fly! " In this seven-character poem, there are three sentences about the prosperity of Gou Jian, the king of Yue, and the last sentence points out the decline of Yue. Although the feelings expressed are obviously different, the layout of the articles is similar. Ci begins with two antitheses of "two, two, two", and through concrete and vivid description, it shows multi-level affection. In the first sentence, there are only six words, and the image of a strong man is shaped by three continuous and distinctive actions, which makes readers realize the inner activities of the characters and imagine the living environment of the characters, which means endless. Why are you drunk? After being "drunk", why not go to bed, but "light up"? The "Pick" light is on. Why don't you pull out your sword and watch it again and again in the light? This series of questions, as long as you look at the whole word carefully, may make the answers you deserve, so there is no need to explain. "There are more silent complaints than talking". What kind of "explanation" can show the inner world of the characters more powerfully than this wordless action?
The action of "lighting" points out the night scene again. In the dead of night, when everything is silent, the strong man can't sleep and has to drink alone. After eating "drunk", I still can't calm down, so I follow "holding the lamp" and "watching the sword". Tossed and turned, finally fell asleep. As soon as I fell asleep, everything I just thought became a dream. "Dream" said something, but it was quickly changed to a new lens: "Dream back to the corner." A brave man woke up from a good dream and it was dawn. A military camp is connected to a military camp, and the horn rings. How powerfully the sound of the horn inspires people to forge ahead! And that strong man happens to be the general in charge of these barracks. So, he jumped up, dressed neatly, and wanted to turn everything he thought in "drunkenness" and "dreams" into reality.
Three or four sentences, there is no need to talk about antithesis, and poets also use even sentences.
Too many even sentences tend to be boring; But here it's just the opposite. In two words, the skill is extremely strong, vigorous and powerful, which highlights the majestic military capacity and the high fighting mood of the generals. "800 Li under fire, 50 strings beyond the Great Wall": The soldiers rejoiced and enjoyed the roast beef presented by the general; The army played inspiring fighting music. As soon as the beef is finished, it forms a neat line. The general is full of energy and high spirits, and he is an "autumn soldier on the battlefield." How well the word "autumn" is written! Just like "Mazhuang in crisp autumn", "point soldiers" going out indicates an invincible prospect.
In terms of form, Broken Array consists of two films with the same syntax, level tone and rhyme. The beginning of the latter film is called "crossing film", which is generally written as: it must be related to the former film and "change of heart", thus indicating that this is another section, forming the realm of "mountains breaking clouds".
Xin Qiji often breaks through this restriction. This is the case with the twelve brothers of the Biemao family, and so is this song "Broken Array". After "Autumn Soldiers Go to the Battlefield", it was magnificent, and it ran straight through the later film "Lu made of horses, fast speed, bow like a thunderbolt": the general took an iron horse, galloped with his whip, and quickly rushed to the front, bowing and thundering, and ten thousand arrows were fired in unison. Although there is no more description, from the flying of "Luma" and the loud noise of "Thunderbolt String", it seems that we have seen several continuous pictures: the enemy fell; Defeated soldiers, messy; The general took the lead, pursued victory, and ended the battle instantly; The victory song was played and the flag fluttered happily. This is a counterattack. The general is patriotic, but he also pursues fame. If you win the first world war, you will go down in history, which will not only "save the monarch from the world" but also "win the name of him before and after his death". Isn't it magnificent
If we stop here, it would be a "sophistry". However, in that era when the capitulators unified state affairs, there was no condition for a real "sophistry". What I wrote above is exactly the ideal that the poet is striving for. The poet used his rich imagination and became a general in the world. Just after climbing the ideal peak, he suddenly plummeted and fell back to the cold reality, lamenting deeply: "Poor white hair is born!" " White hair has been born, and the ideal of recovering lost ground has become a bubble. When I think that I only have lofty aspirations, but I "die of serving my country without a battlefield" (to borrow Lu You's poem "Tap Water"), I can only eat wine in sleepless nights, watch the sword when I am drunk and dreaming of death, and chase the battlefield in my dreams, and I am happy for a while. ..... This situation is really "sad". However, who "pities" him? So he wrote this poem "Zhuang Ci" and sent it to Chen Tongfu in the same "poor" situation.
The same father is Chen Liang's word. Scholars call Mr. Longchuan. Brilliant, heroic, and free to speak. Claiming to be able to "tear down the wisdom and courage of a lifetime and open the heart of the ages." He successively wrote Five Theories on Zhongxing and Filial Piety, and actively advocated the war of resistance, thus being hit by capitulationists.
Song Xiaozong visited Xin Qiji in Shangrao in the winter of the fifteenth year of Xichun (1 188) and stayed for ten days. After leaving, Xin Qiji wrote down the word "Yu Meiren" and gave it to him. He composed a song. Later, I sang it over and over again with the same plaque. This song "Broken Array" was written around this period.
In the sense of the whole word, the first nine sentences are one paragraph, which vividly depicts the image of a brave and brave general, thus showing the poet's great ambition. The last sentence is a passage, expressing the grief and indignation of "ambition is hard to pay" with a deep sigh. Strong and sad, ideal and reality, form a strong contrast. From this comparison, we can think of the corruption and incompetence of the court in the Southern Song Dynasty, the people's dire straits, and the anguish that all patriots could not serve the country. It can be seen that extremely bold words can also be written in an extremely subtle way, but they are different from the subtle ones of the graceful school.
There is something noteworthy about the tone of this word. The upper and lower six sentences in the Broken Array are all flat, that is, the previous one is flat and the next one is flat, which constitutes a harmonious and soothing syllable. There are two seven-character sentences in the upper and lower films, but they are not flat, but flat and flat, forming an angry and violent syllable. Harmony and anger, liberation and agitation form a contradictory unity. The author makes good use of this tone of contradiction and unity, and appropriately shows the complex psychological changes of the lyric hero and the transformation of many scenes such as battle preparation, battle progress and battle victory in the dream, which has received vivid artistic effects.
The layout of this word is also noteworthy. The phrase "get drunk while watching the sword" suddenly sounded, followed by the taste of dreams, the division of company battalions, the direction of soldiers on the battlefield, and the victory of the enemy, protruding like an eagle, soaring into the sky. However, when soaring in the sky, it suddenly fell and sighed that "poverty happened", which forced readers to shed tears of pity for the author's ambition. This style of writing, which plummets and comes to an abrupt end at the same time, is often exciting because of its unexpected strong artistic effect if used well.