Seed propagation and planting techniques of honeysuckle.
Sowing in April, soaking the seeds in warm water at 35 ~ 40℃ for 24h, taking out 2 ~ 3 times of wet sand to accelerate germination, and sowing when the crack reaches about 30%. Sow in furrow according to the row spacing of 2 1 ~ 22 cm, cover with soil 1cm, and spray water 1 time every two days for more than 10 days. Transplanting in autumn or the following spring, using about 15kg of seeds per1hm ㎡.
cutting
Usually in the rainy season. In rainy weather in summer and autumn, the robust 1 ~ 2-year-old branches are cut into 30 ~ 35 cm, and the lower leaves are used as cuttings. On the selected plot, according to the row spacing of 1.6m and the plant spacing of 1.5m, the depth is 16 ~ 18cm, and each hole has 5 ~ 6 cuttings, which stand obliquely in the buried soil in the form of dispersion, with 7 ~10.
Pay attention to shading before pruning to avoid dry branches caused by direct sunlight. Cutting can also be used to raise seedlings; In July and August, put the cuttings into the ditch, the row spacing is 23 ~ 26 cm, the depth is about 16cm, and the spacing is 2cm. Fill and compact the cuttings with soil. Using sandy soil with good air permeability and water permeability as seedling soil has the fastest rooting and is not easy to be invaded by germs and cause branch rot. Spraying water once after planting, and watering 1 time every two days after drought, which can take root in about half a month, and transplanting in spring or autumn the following year.
Plastic trimming
Pruning should be done after defoliation in autumn and before germination in spring. Generally, strong branches are lightly cut, weak branches are strongly cut, and all branches are cut. When pruning, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission after the new branches grow. All weak branches, withered old branches, basic branches, etc. It should be cut off, and the plots with poor fertilizer and water conditions should be trimmed heavier. Old branches should be cut off to promote the growth of new branches. Young plants are mainly cultivated plants and should be lightly cut. Generally, 4 ~ 5 trunk branches are left in mountainous areas, and 1 ~ 2 trunk branches are left in plains. The top of the trunk should be cut off to make it stout and upright.
Combination of shaping and pruning. In principle, it is based on fertilizer and water management, which can improve the whole, make full use of space, increase the amount of branches and leaves, make the plant type more reasonable, and obviously increase flowers and yield. The flowering time after pruning is relatively concentrated, which is convenient for harvesting and processing. Generally, branches can stand upright after pruning, and removing weak branches and basic branches is beneficial to the formation of new flowers. Pick the flowers and cut them. After cutting, apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer once and water once to promote the next crop to blossom ahead of time. In this way, you can collect flowers four times a year, and you can collect dried flowers 150 ~ 200 Jin on average every 667 square meters.
Tiantuan management
Topdressing: During the first 1 ~ 2 years after planting, it is the development and fruit setting period of honeysuckle plants, and more fertilizers such as human and animal manure, plant ash, urea and potassium sulfate are applied. After planting for 2 ~ 3 years, more fertilizers such as livestock manure, manure, cake fertilizer and calcium superphosphate should be applied in early spring every year. After the first crop of flowers is harvested, an appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer should be applied to provide sufficient nutrients for the next crop of flowers. Every year after germination in early spring and when the first flowers are harvested, human feces, fertilizers, etc. They all fell in the open ditch. The application amount of each fertilizer is 250g, and the promotion effect of fertilization treatment on the nutritional growth of honeysuckle is urea+ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, urea and ammonium bicarbonate in turn, among which urea+ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and urea can significantly improve the yield of honeysuckle. Comprehensive nutrition growth, reproductive growth and fertilization cost, the topdressing is urea+ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (150g+65438+.
Harvest processing
The best time to harvest honeysuckle is early morning and morning. At this time, the collected buds are not easy to open, full of nutrition, rich in fragrance and good in color. The afternoon harvest should be completed before sunset, because the flowering of honeysuckle is limited by light, and the mature buds will bloom after sunset, which will affect the quality. Without buds and leaves, put them in a strip or bamboo basket after harvest. When concentrated, it should not be piled up, but should be spread out and placed for no more than 4 hours.
Honeysuckle is the best commodity, but the quality of honeysuckle mixed with open flowers or stems is poor. The best buds are big, blue and white and clean. Harvest in May and June. In the sunny morning, when the dew is just dry, pick the flower buds and put them on reed mats, stone sheds or fields to dry or dry in the shade. It is best to dry in 1~2 days. Don't turn over the flowers when drying, otherwise the color will turn black and reduce the quality. When they are 90% dry, pick out the impurities in the branches and leaves. Avoid exposure to the scorching sun. Cloudy days can be dried with small fire, but the color is dark, so it is best to dry in the sun or in the shade.
control of insect
Brown spot: a common disease on leaves, which leads to weak growth of plants. Most cases occur in the late growth stage, and the peak period is August-September, and the disease is more serious under rainy and humid conditions. At the beginning of the disease, brown spots are formed on the leaves, and then they expand into brown round spots or irregular spots. There are gray-black mildew spots on the back of the diseased spots, which can make the leaves fall off when the condition is serious. Control method: cut off diseased leaves, and then spray them with Bordeaux solution at the ratio of 1: 1.5 :200 and 1 every 7-/0 days for 2-3 times; Or use 65% zineb 500 times diluent or Tobuzin 1000-65438.
Powdery mildew: serious disease in warm and dry conditions or in the shade of plants; Excessive nitrogen application, dense plants and serious diseases. At the beginning of the disease, white spots appeared on the leaves, and then gradually expanded into white powder spots, which continued to spread all over the leaves, causing the leaves to turn yellow, shrink and deform, and finally causing falling flowers, leaves and dry branches. Prevention and control methods; Clean up the garden to deal with sick and disabled plants; 50% thiophanate 1000 times solution or BO- 10 biological spray was used in the occurrence period.
Aphids: harm leaves and shoots, make leaves and buds curl, stop growing, and the yield drops sharply. From April to June, the insect situation is heavier. Long summer? Before and after, especially in rainy days, the spread speed is faster. Prevention and control methods: spray with 40% dimethoate 1000 ~ 1500 times diluent or yusong 1000 ~ 1500 times diluent to kill for several times continuously until killing.
Inchworm: After the stubble blooms, the larvae gnaw at the leaves, resulting in reduced production. Control method: After entering spring, dig out the soil around the plant within the range of 1 m and kill the pupae. Spraying 2.5% pirocin EC for 400 ~ 600 times at the initial stage of larval occurrence; Or spray dichlorvos and trichlorfon. , but stopped spraying at flowering stage.
Anthracnose: the lesion on the leaves is nearly round, and orange-red punctate mucus is attached to the leaves when wet. Prevention and control methods: remove residual plants and diseased leaves and burn them centrally; Soak seeds with1:1:150 ~ 200 bordeaux solution for 5~ 10 minutes before transplanting; Spraying 65% zineb 500 times solution or 50% bacitracin 800 ~ 1000 times solution at the onset stage.
Anoplophora longicorn: After the plant is damaged, it gradually ages, withers and even dies. Control method: when the adults are unearthed, 80% trichlorfon 1000 times solution is poured into the flower pier. During the peak spawning period, spray 90% trichlorfon crystal 800 1 time every 7 ~/0 days. 1000 times liquid; Find the insect branches, cut them and burn them; If there are wormholes, insert cotton wool soaked in 80% dichlorvos stock solution, seal it with soil, and poison the larvae.
The value of honeysuckle depends on its value;
Early stage of epidemic febrile disease: often accompanied by; Fructus Forsythiae, Herba Menthae and Semen Sojae Preparata are used together, and have the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispelling wind and relieving exterior syndrome. It can be used for people with early onset of epidemic febrile disease, slight aversion to wind-cold, and slight thirst in the mouth, such as Yinqiao powder;
Furuncle: It is often used with dandelion, viola yedoensis and chrysanthemum indicum to enhance the effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials. Can be used for carbuncle and furuncle swelling and pain, such as Wuwei Disinfection Drink.
In the middle stage of epidemic febrile disease, it is often used with Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Gardenia, Gypsum Fibrosum, Bambusa Bambusa and Phragmites communis. It has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, eliminating pathogenic factors, regulating stomach and stopping vomiting, and can be used for treating excessive heat, disharmony between stomach and qi, fever and irritability, fullness of chest and diaphragm, thirst and retching, red tongue with dry fur, and slippery pulse.
Red dysentery: It is often used with Coptidis Rhizoma, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Aucklandiae and Herba Portulacae. Has the effects of clearing away heat, moistening intestine, resolving food stagnation and promoting blood circulation. It can be used for blocking damp-heat, damaging intestinal lipid membrane, causing diarrhea, purulent blood, abdominal pain and abdominal pain.
Epidemic dysentery: often used with Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Cortex Moutan, Rhizoma Coptidis, Cortex Phellodendri and Radix Pulsatillae. Has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood and stopping dysentery. It can be used to attack the stomach with epidemic toxin, fight between qi and blood, make dysentery bright purple and purulent, and make you feel hot and thirsty, fidgety and even delirious.
Formula name: write honeysuckle, honeysuckle, honeysuckle, honeysuckle, honeysuckle, honeysuckle, Henan flower and Shandong flower with crude drugs; Stir-fried honeysuckle, stir-fried honeysuckle, stir-fried medicine and stir-fried honeysuckle; Write Yin Hua charcoal and Hua Er charcoal medicine with charcoal.
Dosage: crude drug10 ~ 30g ~ 30g; Stir-fried medicine10 ~ 20g ~ 20g; Charcoal 10 ~ 15g.
Selected prescription
① Prevention of Japanese encephalitis and meningitis: honeysuckle and forsythia. Radix Isatidis, Rhizoma Phragmitis and Radix Glycyrrhizae each 15g. Take water instead of tea, one dose a day, for three to five days.
② Those who are thirsty because of the warm wind of Taiyin, and those who are hot but not cold at the beginning of winter: 50g of forsythia suspensa, 50g of honeysuckle, 30g of bitter platycodon grandiflorum, 30g of mint, 20g of bamboo leaves, 25g of raw licorice, 20 g of Schizonepeta tenuifolia, 25g of fermented beans and 30g of burdock. Powder on the pestle, take 30g each time, and decoct with fresh reed root soup.
③ Treatment of dysentery: honeysuckle (put in a copper pot, baked and pickled) 25g. Take white honey water for red dysentery and sand sugar water for white dysentery.
④ Heat treatment: 50g of honeysuckle, 50g of Lygodium japonicum, 50g of coriander, 50g of Rosa laevigata root and 50g of lalang grass rhizome. Decoct with water, one dose per day, five to seven days as a course of treatment.
⑤ Treatment of biliary tract infection and wound infection: 50g honeysuckle, 25g forsythia, 25g isatis root, 25g scutellaria root and 25g chrysanthemum indicum. Decoct with water, one dose a day.
⑥ The sore turns purple-black: honeysuckle with branches and leaves 100g, astragalus membranaceus 200g, licorice 50g. Fine-cut, put a liter of wine into the bottle, close your mouth, cook in thick soup for three or two hours, take it out, take it out, and take it immediately.
⑦ Treat all swollen poison, whether it has collapsed or not, or fever at the beginning, which is toxic due to furuncle. Moth with sore throat: Honeysuckle (even stems and leaves) is naturally squeezed in half a bowl, fried in eight parts, served with me, defeated the sun, dispersed qi and blood, and has unique merits.
⑧ Treatment of carbuncle and hair back: 250g of honeysuckle, 10 bowl of water is decocted to two bowls, and angelica 100g is added to decoct to one bowl at a time.
⑨ Treat all carbuncle swelling inside and outside: honeysuckle 200g, licorice 150g. Take it with water, and take it with wine if you can drink it.
Attending to the treatment of large intestine carbuncle, don't press your hands and bend your right foot: honeysuckle 150g, angelica 100g, Sanguisorba officinalis 50g, Ophiopogon japonicus 50g, Scrophulariaceae 50g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 15g, Coicis Semen 25g, Scutellariae Radix 10g. Decoct with water.
Ornamental value
Honeysuckle is more suitable for ground cover cultivation under forests, forest edges and the north side of buildings because its creeping growth ability is stronger than climbing growth ability. You can also make a green low wall; It can also be used to make flower corridors, flower stands, styles, styles and winding rockeries. The advantage is that vines grow in large quantities and are extensively managed. The disadvantage is that vines are entangled and the ground coverage is uneven, which makes people feel very chaotic.
The growth habit of honeysuckle is very adaptable. Honeysuckle is sunny, resistant to shade, cold, drought and humidity. The requirements for soil are not strict, but it grows best on moist and fertile deep sandy soil, with bamboo shoots in spring and summer. The root system is dense and developed, with strong germination, and the stems and vines can take root when they touch the ground. Like sunshine and mild and humid environment, strong vitality, wide adaptability, cold and drought tolerance, poor growth in the shade. Born in hillside thickets or sparse forests, stone piles, foothills and village fences, the highest altitude is 1500m.
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