Raynaud's syndrome, also known as acral arterial spasm, is a spasm disease of acral small arteries caused by dysfunction of the sympathetic nerves that control peripheral blood vessels. It is a syndrome in which spasm of small arteries in the extremities causes a series of skin color changes on the hands or feet. People with Raynaud's syndrome are traditionally divided into two types: 1. Primary Raynaud's disease, in which no underlying disease can be found and the symptoms and condition are relieved. who. 2. Secondary patients, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, are those who suffer from one or several diseases, and the symptoms and course of the disease are relatively serious. At present, Raynaud's disease and Raynaud's phenomenon have been combined and collectively referred to as Raynaud's syndrome. The cause of Raynaud's disease (Raynaud's syndrome) is mainly spasm of small arteries in the extremities. The cause is not completely clear, but may be related to the following factors: 1. Central nervous system dysfunction, which leads to hypersympathetic nervous function; 2. Blood circulation Increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine; 3. The condition is often aggravated during menstruation and relieved during pregnancy, so some people believe that it is related to endocrine; 4. Defects in the small arteries of the limbs themselves, resulting from overreaction to normal physiological phenomena ; 5. Some people believe that in the early stage, the extremal arterioles overreact to the cold. Later, due to long-term vasospasm, the arterial intima hyperplases and the blood flow is not smooth. If there is further reduction in the blood flow of the acral arteries, Various physiological factors can act on diseased arteries to cause attacks; 6. Patients often have family history, suggesting that it may be related to genetics; 7. Immune and connective tissue diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, nodular Polyarteritis, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, vasculitis caused by hepatitis B antigen, drug-induced vasculitis, Sjogren syndrome, etc.; 8. Obstructive Arterial lesions, such as obliterative arteriosclerosis, thromboembolic vasculitis, etc.; 9. Physical factors, such as shock injury, direct arterial trauma, cold injury, etc.; 10. Caused by certain drugs, such as ergot, lead, and thallium , arsenic and other poisonings, polyvinyl chloride, beta-blockers, cytotoxic drugs, contraceptive pills, etc.; 11. Factors affecting neurovascular mechanisms such as cervical rib, anterior scalene syndrome, thorax, outlet syndrome, crutch use Improper compression of the axilla, tumor compression of the brachial plexus and subclavian blood vessels, cervical spondylitis or nucleus pulposus rupture, peripheral neuritis, syringomyelia or tuberculosis, etc.; 12. Increased cold agglutinins or cryoglobulinemia in the blood, red blood cells vera hyperplasia, paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, etc.; 13. Some are related to migraine and variant angina. Clinical manifestations: Patients often develop symptoms due to cold or exposure of fingers to low temperatures, and may also be triggered by emotional excitement or mental stress. The characteristic of the attack is that the skin color of the toes suddenly turns white, then turns blue and purple, and then turns to flushing, showing intermittent attacks. It is more common on the fingers and less common on the toes. The attack often starts from the tip of the little finger and ring finger, and gradually extends to the entire fingers and even the palm as the disease progresses, but the thumb is less likely to be affected, accompanied by local coldness, numbness, tingling, soreness, discomfort, or other abnormal sensations. Systemic and local temperatures may decrease from time to time, but the pulse of the radial artery or dorsalis pedis artery is normal. At the initial onset, the attack usually lasts from a few minutes to half an hour and then resolves on its own. When the skin turns red, it is often accompanied by a burning and stinging sensation, and then returns to normal color. If you apply local heating, rub the affected limb, wave the limb, etc. during the attack, the attack can be stopped. As the disease progresses, symptoms worsen and attacks occur frequently. Each attack can last for more than an hour. Sometimes it is necessary to immerse the hands and feet in warm water to stop the attack. Complications: Raynaud's disease can cause occlusion of small blood vessels, resulting in ischemic necrosis of the fingers. In severe cases, the distal finger pulps of the fingers (toes) may become flattened and gangrenous, and the distal phalanx may become necrotic, absorbed, and dissolved due to ischemia, leading to shortening or amputation. In some patients with low resistance, fingertip ischemia and ulcers may lead to osteomyelitis, sepsis and other diseases, which are also the most serious complications of the disease. Correct and timely application of anti-infective drugs can help prevent these complications. occurrence.