Peach originated in northwest China with high altitude, long and strong sunshine, and adapted to the continental climate with dry air and cold winter, so peach enjoys light, drought and cold resistance. Temperature is the most important factor affecting the distribution of peach trees. In Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region, southern Xinjiang and northeastern Jilin, when the temperature of peach trees is below -23 ~-25℃ in winter, freezing injury occurs in early spring and late frost, so it is very important to prevent freezing and frost. In southern China, where the average temperature in winter exceeds 10℃ for three months, most varieties fall late and enter dormancy incompletely, and germinate late in the following spring, with uneven flowering and reduced yield. Attention should be paid to the chilling requirement of peach trees during cultivation. The cooling capacity of different varieties varies greatly, which is generally expressed by the accumulated temperature below 7.2℃. The chilling requirement of most varieties is 500 ~ 1000 hours. Peach trees are most afraid of waterlogging, and 24-hour flooding will cause plant death. It is ideal to choose sandy slightly acidic soil with good drainage and deep soil layer.

Grafting method should be adopted for seedling breeding, and the rootstocks are peaches and peaches. Planting density should depend on soil, plastic methods and varieties. At present, due to the application of dwarfing agent paclobutrazol and various new technologies, the planting density has increased, the row spacing is 3 meters ×4 meters, and 55 ~ 83 plants are planted per mu. Trees should be V-shaped, with double main branches or naturally happy.

Peach trees are mostly compound flower buds, which are easy to form flowers, with large flowers and high seed setting rate of white flowers. In production, cross-pollination can obviously improve the seed setting rate, especially some varieties with pollen sterility, such as Shazaosheng, Xiahui 1 and Cangfang Zaosheng, should be matched with pollination trees to achieve high and stable yield.

Biological properties

When peach trees grow naturally, the central branches tend to disappear, and the crown is often open. Vegetative branches can grow 2 ~ 3 times a year, and secondary branches can be used to accelerate the cultivation of crown. The new branches that were picked up that year can form flower buds and bear fruit the next year. According to the arrangement and length of buds, they can be divided into long fruit branches, middle fruit branches, short fruit branches and bouquets, and virtual fruit branches. The proportion and fruiting ability of various fruiting branches vary from variety to variety. Fruiting begins in 2 ~ 3 years after planting, and enters the full fruit stage in 5 ~ 6 years. The anatomical map boundary of peach effective production year generally does not exceed 15 years. Most varieties can self-pollinate, and many varieties are sterile, poor or unable to self-pollinate.

Peach is very fond of light, and the branches outside the crown have better light conditions, fuller buds and better fruit quality. The average monthly temperature is required to be 20 ~ 24℃ in the growing season. In winter, it usually takes 400 ~ 800 hours of low temperature (below 7.2℃) to complete the dormancy process. Therefore, varieties with long low temperature period are not suitable for planting in warm areas in winter. However, the cold resistance is weak, and the branches are easily frozen when the temperature is below -23 ~-25℃ in winter, and the flower buds will also be frozen when the temperature is around-18℃ in dormancy. Buds, flowers and young fruits can only tolerate low temperatures of -3.9℃, -2.8℃ and-1. 1℃ respectively.

Suitable for dry climate, excessive rainfall causes white branches and leaves to grow, fruit drop is aggravated, quality is reduced, and glue is easy to flow. However, long-term drought and no rain during the growing period will also affect growth and development. Peach trees have shallow root system distribution and are suitable for acidic neutral (pH 6 ~ 7) sandy soil with good drainage.

cultivation techniques