Key points of planting American red peony: 1. Habit: Peony likes places that are cool in summer and not too cold in winter, so it should have moderate rainfall (or water spraying) and sufficient light (strong light should be slightly shaded at noon in summer). The soil is loam or clay loam rich in humus (but not too sticky). Avoid saline-alkali land, the drainage must be good, and it is required to be moderately humid, and it should not be too dry in summer. 2. Planting: Peony is a deep-rooted flower and tree. Before planting, deep ploughing should be carried out and basic fertilizers (such as bone meal, oil cake, chicken manure, etc.) should be applied. ) .3. Fertilization: It is best to apply fertilizer three times a year, and the first time when the new shoots, leaves and buds are unfolded, the quick-acting fertilizer is the main one; After the second flower withers, it is still mainly available fertilizer; The third time is autumn and winter, mainly based on base fertilizer. 4, intertillage: after watering for a few days each time, intertillage in time, but the depth is not more than 5 cm. 5, pruning, pruning: cut off the residual flowers after the flowers have withered. In order to make the crown low and flowers dense, it can be pruned before July to avoid the influence of too dense branches on flowering, and it is advisable to leave 5-6 main branches per plant. 6. Others: Peony can't tolerate waterlogging (good drainage is required), but it can't be too dry, and it should be kept moderately moist. 7. If possible, peony can be planted on the ground with the flowerpot. If it is not very dry, you can leave it alone, which will save a lot of trouble. Section 1 Cultivation of potted peony seedlings, it is best to use peony roots as rootstocks. Because of its long roots, clustered branches and seedlings, the plant size and shape are consistent. Potted cutting not only affects the ornamental art value, but also has low propagation coefficient and slow development speed, which is far from meeting the requirements of the rapid development of potted cut flowers at home and abroad. However, in view of the fact that there are few rootstocks suitable for grafting peony, and the grafting technology has not been mastered by multi-effect people, most potted peony in China still uses branch seedlings, only a few grafted seedlings; In order to adapt to the rapid development of potted peony in China, keep up with the international trend of potted cuttings, expand exports and create more foreign exchange, a large number of grafted peony seedlings suitable for potted cuttings need to be developed. Firstly, peony roots with basically the same size and specifications are cultivated as rootstocks, and then peony varieties suitable for pot cutting are selected as scions for seedling raising. The specific method is as follows: harvesting mature (crab yellow) peony fruit in mid-August every year. Put it in a cool place. Peel off the seeds when the peel is cracked. Don't dry them in the sun, let alone expose them to the sun, so as to avoid the seed coat being too dry to germinate and emerge. Before sowing, choose loose and fertile plots, apply sufficient fertilizer, plough deeply and rake carefully to prepare for sowing. When raising seedlings, if the soil is dry, we should first remove a layer of dry soil on the surface, and use wet soil to make border surfaces with a height of 5-7 cm and a width of 70 cm, with a border spacing of about 35 cm. On the border surface 6 cm away from the border surface, the plant spacing is 3× 10 cm, or the sowing is withdrawn on the border surface about 3 cm apart. After sowing, it will be 3 cm thick. In order to protect soil moisture, prevent drought and keep warm in winter, a plastic film can be covered on the frame. For example, after sowing, water should be poured from the furrow immediately to keep the soil moist, and it can take root in 20 days, but it will not emerge before the year. Sowing late or soil moisture is not enough, it will not take root before the year, and it will not emerge after the year. Water frozen water once before overwintering. In the spring of the following year (before and after the rain), the plastic film on the border should be removed to loosen the soil on the border slightly, so as to facilitate the unearthed seedlings; Before and after the "fright", the seedlings have been unearthed, so we should always loosen the soil and pull up the grass, and water them in the furrow when it is dry. Apply quick-acting cake fertilizer or manure once before wheat harvest, and sesame residue can be applied per mu 100 kg. Take back the furrow, loosen the soil and water it immediately. Quick-acting cake fertilizer should be chased again from July to September, and the method and dosage are the same as above. During the whole seedling period, if there is drought, it should be watered in time to maintain soil moisture and promote the rapid growth of seedlings. In the rainy season, the ground water should be removed in time to avoid diseases caused by water stains; 10 managed seedlings can be transplanted at the end of September and the beginning of June, with roots of 20cm long and 0.6- 1 cm thick. Cut the taproot into 12 cm long and transplant it to the pre-trimmed ridge. According to 15cm row spacing and 57cm plant spacing. One-year-old seedlings grow weakly due to insufficient base fertilizer or poor management, and can also be transplanted for two years. In addition to applying sufficient fertilizer before planting, field management such as topdressing and watering should be strengthened after planting to promote growth. In the autumn of the third year after cutting, when the peony grows to 2 cm thick, it can be grafted as a rootstock in early September. Before grafting, select peony varieties suitable for pot cutting. Potted peony; Peony varieties with short plants, strong adaptability, short roots, strong growth and easy flowering should be selected as scions for grafting; Generally speaking, most varieties are suitable for cutting pots, but Dahuhong, Xiaohuhong, Scarlet Scissors, Purple Er Qiao (Luoyang Red), Er Qiao, Zhao Fen, lantian jade, Baiyu (Snow Pagoda), Jueshalei, Wedding Cage Purple and Zhuangyuanhong are the main varieties. Some semi-double or double flower varieties, such as Qinglong Womochi, Bingling Lake Hongshi, Yinfenjinlin and Lihua Xue. Grafted seedlings should be planted on fertile land. The row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is12-15cm, and 23,000-25,000 plants can be raised per mu. After 2-3 years of culture, the surviving seedlings can generally grow 3-5 buds, and then they can be sold in potted plants. The size and shape of the cultivated seedlings are basically the same. Section 2 Potted cutting and management. The preparation of potted peony pots before cutting, cultivation soil preparation and flowerpot preparation are mainly carried out before cutting in potted peony pots. Peony is a kind of precious flower with deep roots and thick flesh. As a potted plant, there are few fibrous roots. However, the size of potted plants leads to the relative reduction of the nutritional area of roots, which is easy to make underground and aboveground parts malnourished, thus affecting the normal growth and development of potted peony. Therefore, in order to cut potted plants into living flowers, not only the cultivation management technology is strict, but also the cultivation soil needs to be scientifically prepared. Prepare the culture soil one month before potted plants. It can only be used after decomposition. According to the growth characteristics of peony. The cultivated soil should be loose, fertile, with high humus content, lasting fertilizer effect and easy drainage. The ideal formula of culture soil is that humus soil, horse manure, garden soil, coarse sand or slag are mixed in the ratio of 2: 1: 2: 1. And use human excrement to seal the rape and decompose it into a boat for later use. When planting for the first time, you can choose a smaller pottery pot with a diameter of 30 cm and a depth of 25 cm. When flowering, it can be changed to a caliber of 35 cm; A large earthen basin with a depth of 30 cm. Second, the time and method of potted peony are the same as those of field planting. Heze and Luoyang are generally suitable from the end of September to the beginning of 10, and premature planting is easy to "fall down"; It's too late, the roots grow slowly and the plants grow slowly. Even after flowering in the second year, they are easy to die. Before potted peony, the seedlings should be dug out and aired for 1-2 days to dehydrate and soften the roots, which is convenient for pruning and planting; Before planting, put the flowerpot into the pool to absorb enough water; When planting, first lay tiles on the drainage holes at the bottom of the basin to prevent soil leakage; Then spread pebbles or waste brown rope with a thickness of 2-5 cm to facilitate drainage. Prune peony seedlings before planting to balance the above-ground and underground parts; Beautiful and generous appearance; But also convenient for cultivation management. First, cut off the dead leaves and excessively long roots, and disinfect the roots with 1% copper sulfate solution for 5- 10 minutes. Then put the seedlings in the center of the basin for planting, and compact them by hand while filling the soil until they are 3-5 cm away from the upper edge of the basin. After potted, the pot surface can be matched with plants such as Taihu stone, quartz stone, bamboo shoots, peony, etc., which not only increases the aesthetic feeling of potted peony, but also makes the pot surface green and full of vitality, and can also play a role in moisturizing and keeping warm. 3. Watering potted plants, because of their small capacity, little soil and limited water retention capacity, must be watered in time to maintain the normal water demand of Shedan. After cutting, they should be watered immediately, and then the soil should be pulled every 3-4 days to keep the pot soil moist. If the amount of water. The soil is too wet. It is easy to make the branches and leaves white and long, too wet or stagnant for a long time will rot the roots. Especially in summer and autumn, we should control the humidity of the basin soil, do not dry it, and do not water it. When it is dry in summer, boil water in the morning or at night, and don't water it as long as it is not too dry in autumn. Too wet buds flourish in autumn and will not bloom in spring. Fourthly, the nutrients in the fertilization basin are limited, and only timely topdressing can ensure the normal growth and development of peony. After soaking fermented sesame, peanut and bean cake, topdressing can be started from the following spring. When applying water, apply water 1-2 times a week during the growth period; Water can be poured once a day before and during flowering; After the flowers wither, they should be cultivated and lightly fertilized or sprayed on the leaves, and no topdressing is needed during winter dormancy. Five, summer and drainage peony avoid getting wet for a long time, summer is too humid and hot, and long-term high temperature and humid weather will make the leaves turn orange and rot. In hot summer, potted peony can be moved under the seedling shed for shade, or buried in the soil for heatstroke prevention and cooling, and good drainage and ventilation can be maintained. When there is no rain, water should be sprayed on the branches and leaves every day to increase the air humidity to ensure the water supply during the flower bud differentiation period of peony. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season, and pour down the flowerpot in rainy day to prevent water from accumulating in the flowerpot. After flowering, spray 10- 15 days with bordeaux solution 150 times or Tobuzin solution/800- 1000 times to prevent and control diseases at that time. Peony root is sweet and vulnerable to ants or grubs. It can be killed by 1000 times dichlorvos solution instead of water. Sixth, pruning overwintering In order to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of peony and concentrate nutrients, it is necessary to carry out plastic pruning after falling leaves in autumn and winter. Cut off too dense branches such as parallel mouth, cross mouth, introversion and insect-proof mouth to keep the plant in a beautiful shape. Late autumn and early winter. Shedan can be buried in the soil, with branches exposed outside the ground soil, and the top can be protected by grass or soil. Others put the flowerpots directly into the cellar for the winter, remove the plastic film in the spring of the next year, go out of the kiln as usual, and put them in a ventilated and sunny place to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water; Let it bloom naturally. Others are placed in greenhouses or plastic greenhouses to promote early flowering according to holiday needs. In order to make potted peony more beautiful and elegant in decorative modeling; When the flowers are about to bloom, you can put painted pottery and porcelain pots outside the original pottery pots; Put it in the spacious and bright hall or the exquisite basin frame or case in the main hall, which can better reflect the straightforwardness and luxury of peony. According to other related data, spraying the potted peony with silver thiosulfate solution with the concentration of 1% before flowering can reduce the bud shedding by 55%, prolong the flowering period by 1/5 days, and prolong the monthly average temperature of 10/0.4 degrees (slight cold and severe cold) and monthly average temperature of10. Peony is in the stage of defoliation dormancy, and the flower buds have differentiated. Main work this month: (1) Pay attention to the cold protection of peony in the open field, so that it can survive the winter safely. (2) Promoting the field peony to blossom in early spring (before natural flowering), plastic greenhouse construction and early management. (3) Apply base fertilizer again. In February (rainy in beginning of spring), the monthly average temperature was 2.7 degrees, the monthly average precipitation was 12.5 mm, the ground temperature was 3.9 degrees when the surface was 5 cm deep, and 4. 1 degree when the surface was 10 cm. The underground roots of Paeonia suffruticosa began to move, and the scale buds expanded and germinated on the 4th to 5th day. Main work this month: (1) Peony began to hoe the ground, loosening the soil and watering it for the first time. (2) Strengthen the management of forcing flowers in greenhouse. (3) Before the scale bud germinates, potted peony enters the cold storage to prepare for delayed cultivation (flowering in summer). In March (vernal equinox), the monthly average temperature is 3.4 degrees, the monthly average precipitation is 25.4 millimeters, and the ground temperature is 10.0 degrees at a depth of 5 centimeters and 9.9 degrees at a depth of 10 centimeters. The scale buds of Paeonia suffruticosa germinate, bud and leave. Main work this month: (1) Strengthen the management of forcing flowers in the field, and the flowers will be listed in the middle and late stage. Pay attention to prevent late frost and protect flower buds. (2) Start pruning and sprouting. 1-2-year-old grafted seedlings and ramets are not smeared with buds, and the buds are found to be removed as soon as possible. Peony over 3 years old and ornamental peony, when the soil teeth are elongated to 5-6 cm, should be completely smoothed except for properly preserving and supplementing the main branches. The buds on the perennial branches are erased and completed before Qingming. But the former ramet propagator kept the soil buds. (3) Combined with watering, apply fertilizer once before flowering, and then intertillage and loosen the soil to preserve moisture. (4) Select suitable peony varieties in the field, and do pruning management of delayed flowering (flowering in late May) in the open field in the second half of the year. In April (Qingming, Grain Rain), the monthly average temperature 15.5 degrees, the monthly average precipitation 45. 1mm, the 5cm deep soil thermometer 6.8 degrees, and the soil temperature 16.6 degrees. The buds, branches and leaves of Paeonia suffruticosa enter the vigorous growth period, and the early-maturing varieties bloom in the natural flowering period of 4-6 days. Main work this month: (1) The flowering of peony in other places is over. (2) intertillage weeding after flowering. (3) The potted peony is put into the cold storage for delayed cultivation (flowering from late May to early August) before the flower buds develop color. (4) Cut flowers are kept fresh during the color development period of flower buds and put on the market one after another. (5) artificial sexual hybridization breeding is carried out at flowering stage. In May (long summer and full summer), the monthly average temperature is 265,438 0.3 degrees, and the monthly average precipitation is 47 mm.. Deep plants on the surface enter a vigorous growth period. This month's main work: (65,438+0) Peony in the viewing area and peony in the open field in autumn were cut off. (2) Intertillage weeding for 65,438+0-2 times. (3) Topdressing and watering once after flowering. (4) bud grafting begins, and inferior peonies are grafted to change varieties to cultivate "brocade" peonies. (5) Strengthen the management of open-field flowering peony in autumn, and spray fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) on the leaves every half month. (6) The potted peony in the cold storage is taken out of the warehouse in batches and managed by shading, watering and topdressing until it blooms. (7) Strengthen pest control. Spraying 1-2 times after flowering to protect the leaves. In June (awn seed and summer solstice), the monthly average temperature is 20.3 degrees, the monthly average precipitation is 66.4 millimeters, the ground temperature is 28 degrees when the surface is 5 centimeters deep, and 27.8 degrees when 10 centimeters. The new branches of plants entered the lignification stage, and the photosynthesis was vigorous. Main work this month: Continue to implement items (2), (4), (5), (6) and (7) of last month. Moisture should be increased to prevent dry hot wind. And prevent some varieties from being sunburned. The average monthly temperature in July is 27.4 degrees, the average monthly precipitation is 1, 4 1.5mm, the ground temperature is 29.8 degrees when the surface is 5 cm deep, and 29.4 degrees when 10 cm. The flower bud continued to differentiate, but the primary morphological and physiological differentiation was basically not completed in the later stage. This month's main work: (1) Mid-term began to graft the abdomen of peony, so as to change the inferior species of peony into varieties and cultivate "what kind of brocade" peony. (2) Intertillage weeding 1-2 times, and field peony prevented the occurrence of grass shortage. (3) In the middle and late stage, the autumn peony plants are fixed on branches and buds, and the last spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is completed. (4) Land for planting peony in autumn. (5) Pay attention to drought prevention and watering, and do a good job of drainage and flood prevention in rainy season. (6) Continue to prevent some varieties from sunburn. (7) Strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and spray drugs to protect leaves. In August (beginning of autumn, summer), the monthly average temperature is 26 degrees, the monthly average precipitation is 95.8mm, and the surface is mature. This month's main work: (1) forced flowering of peony in the open field in early autumn, 1-5 artificial leaf cutting, topdressing (decomposed cake fertilizer), watering and intertillage weeding. (2) Collect peony seeds and timely treat and sow them. (3) Strengthen pest control, spray chemicals to protect leaves and prevent peony from falling in autumn. (4) Continue the work of last month (1), (2), (4) and (5). In September (the autumn equinox of the Millennium), the monthly average temperature is 2 1. 1 degree, the monthly average precipitation is 74.74 mm, the ground temperature is 23.4 degrees when the surface is 5 cm deep, and 23.7 degrees when it is 10 cm. Work this month: (1) Strengthen the management of peony flowering, inhibit leaves and promote buds. Control the occurrence of bud-eating pests. (2) intertillage weeding. (3) whole border sowing. (4) Grafting peony rootstock between the autumnal equinox and the cold dew, and branching propagation. 65438+ 10 month (cold dew, first frost) monthly average precipitation is 46 mm, soil temperature at 5 cm depth 16.6 degrees, 10 cm depth soil temperature 17. 1 degrees. In autumn, flowers in the fields are in full bloom. Main work this month: (1) Continue to plant and propagate peony, and do well the work of sowing, cutting, grafting, dividing plants and layering (double-flat method), and finish it before cold dew. (2) potted peony. Bury the flowerpot in the soil to promote the growth of flowers. (3) After the first frost, peony leaves are removed, and the fallen leaves are picked up and burned. (4) Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests in branches and cadres. (5) Prepare flowering peony in Guangzhou and manage flowering plants in greenhouse during the Spring Festival. (6) In the later stage, peony flowers will be made in early winter, and peony greenhouses will be built in the field. The average monthly temperature of beginning of winter and Xiaoxue in 1 1 is 8.3 degrees, the average monthly precipitation is 30.6 mm, the soil temperature at 5 cm depth is 8.9 degrees, and the soil temperature at 10 cm is 9.7 degrees. Main work this month: (1) adding base fertilizer and pouring frozen water. (2) Spraying chemicals (stone-sulfur mixture) on branches to control pests on branches. (3) Strengthen the management of forcing flowers in greenhouse in winter until they bloom. In 65438+February (heavy snow, winter solstice), the monthly average temperature is 2-4 degrees, the monthly average precipitation is 9.3mm, the ground temperature is 2.8 degrees when the surface is 5cm deep, and 3.5 degrees when10cm.