At present, the average life expectancy of people in China is about 70 years old, but in ancient times, the average life expectancy of people was far less than that, even less than 40 years old. The reason for this huge difference is that many diseases have been treated because of the development of modern science and technology. For example, modern medical technology tools are many times better than ancient ones. In ancient times, hemp rope, leaves, herbs, etc. were used for surgery, and even anesthetic was not available. Now the operating room uses electronic technology. Although the medical level and tools in ancient times were very backward, it did not stop the ancients from longing for life.

200 1 A human skull was unearthed at Dawenkou site, Shandong Province, with an oval notch on the right side of the skull. Results According to the analysis of modern science and technology, it was found that the gap was caused by surgery, and the edge of the gap had a smooth shape, which indicated that the person survived for a long time after head surgery, and the smooth shape was the result of self-repair of bone tissue. According to archaeological findings, this skull is a paleolithic 5000 years ago, which is also the earliest surgical case found in China.

In the book "Two Hundred Years of Business", a female corpse in 2003 was recorded. According to archaeological research, this corpse belongs to 1500 years ago. In the study of the corpse, it was found that there was a long wound in the lower abdomen of the corpse, and the wound was stitched around with horsetail hair, which also indicated that this was an operation case, but the operation failed in the end. It is speculated that the woman had an operation because she had to have a caesarean section, but because the medical technology at that time was too backward, she was not allowed to survive.

In ancient China, Hua Tuo had a large-scale anatomical operation, and Galen in Western Roman times had an anatomical operation on animals, but there was no progress because of science and technology.