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Problem description:

Detailed structural data of the stomach!

Analysis:

The structure and function of the stomach pspyy/list?id=20&lb=%B1%A3%BD%A1%D6%AA%CA%B6

The stomach is the most enlarged organ in the gastrointestinal tract. It is connected to the esophagus and connected to the duodenum. The stomach is like an elastic bag that expands when full and shrinks into a tube when empty.

The stomach has two entrances and exits: the entrance is called the cardia, and the exit is called the pylorus. The functions of the cardia and pylorus are to control the speed of food delivery and prevent the reflux of intestinal juice into the stomach or the reflux of gastric juice into the esophagus. The stomach is composed of two front and back walls. The connection between the front and back walls is curved. The upper edge is shorter, called the lesser curvature of the stomach, which is concave to the upper right.

There is a notch near the pylorus in the lesser curvature of the stomach, called the angular incision. It is one of the common sites for ulcers and tumors; the lower edge is long, called the greater curvature of the stomach, and bulges toward the lower left.

The stomach can be divided into four parts from top to bottom:

1) Cardia: a short section immediately adjacent to the cardia.

2) The fundus of the stomach is located on the left side of the cardia and is the bulging part above the cardia.

3) The body of the stomach is the largest part of the gastric cavity, between the pylorus and the cardia.

4) The pylorus, also known as the pyloric antrum and gastric antrum, is the part between the angular notch and the pylorus. Generally, chronic gastritis mostly occurs in the pylorus or is more severe here, and Helicobacter pylori often parasitizes in the pylorus.

The divisions of the stomach in traditional Chinese medicine are different from those in modern medicine. The upper mouth of the stomach at the cardia is called the "upper epigastrium", and the lower mouth of the stomach at the pylorus is called the "lower epigastrium". The part between the gastric cavity and the upper gastric cavity is called the "middle gastric cavity"; the upper, middle and lower gastric cavity are collectively called the "gastric gastric cavity"; the upper, middle and lower gastric cavity are similar to the upper, middle and lower gastric cavity in the middle of the abdomen on the body surface. There are three acupuncture points in the lower abdomen.

The shape and position of the stomach vary greatly due to different body shapes. People with short and fat bodies mostly have a "horn"-shaped stomach, which is called a hypertonic stomach. Its position is higher, and the pylorus is tilted to the right. When an ulcer occurs here, the pain is usually in the right upper abdomen. For those with a strong constitution, the stomach will be in the shape of a "T", which is called a normal tension stomach. , its position can drop 3-5 cm below the umbilicus; in extremely thin people, the stomach drops to the pelvis (below the umbilicus), which is called a weak stomach, usually called gastroptosis.

The main physiological functions of the stomach are secretion and movement.

1) Motor function

1. Receiving food: When people chew and swallow food, they reflexively pass through the vagus nerve through the stimulation of receptors in the pharynx, esophagus, etc. It causes the muscles of the stomach body and fundus to relax, so that the capacity of the stomach can adapt to the influx of large amounts of food and stay in the stomach.

2. Formation of chyme: Five minutes after food enters the stomach, peristaltic waves start from the cardia and proceed toward the pylorus three times per minute. During the continuous contraction and peristalsis of the stomach, food and gastric juice are fully mixed, stirred, ground, and crushed to form rice paste-like chyme.

3. Discharge of chyme: The contraction and peristalsis of the stomach promotes the formation of a certain pressure in the gastric cavity. This pressure pushes the chyme to migrate to the duodenum. Each active wave can usually eliminate 1 to 3 ml of chyme enters the duodenum.

2) Secretory function: The secretory function of the stomach is to secrete gastric juice. Gastric juice is a mixed fluid secreted by the glands of the stomach, containing hydrochloric acid, enzymes, mucus, electrolytes, intrinsic factor, etc. When a person is fasting, there is often 10-70 ml of clear, colorless liquid called gastric mucus in the stomach. Normal people can secrete gastric mucus up to 2500-3000 ml per day during eating and daily activities.