Insulin is a hormone secreted by islet β cells, which plays an important role in regulating blood sugar level and energy metabolism. Insulin can reduce blood sugar concentration by promoting the absorption and utilization of glucose. The main function of insulin is to regulate blood sugar level. When the blood sugar concentration rises, islet β cells are stimulated and release insulin into the blood.

Insulin promotes glucose to enter cells by binding with insulin receptors on the cell surface, and promotes the storage and utilization of glucose in liver, muscle and adipose tissue at an appropriate time. In this way, insulin can effectively reduce the blood sugar concentration and keep it within the normal range.

In addition to regulating blood sugar, insulin is also involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. In the process of glucose metabolism, it promotes the synthesis, storage and utilization of glucose, while inhibiting the decomposition of fatty acids, making glucose a priority energy source. Insulin also works with other hormones to regulate the synthesis and metabolism of protein and fat.

Insulin deficiency or abnormal insulin receptor function can lead to diabetes, which is a disease with abnormal blood sugar regulation. 1 type diabetes mellitus is caused by insufficient insulin secretion due to the destruction of islet β cells, which requires exogenous insulin injection treatment. Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance or insufficient secretion, and the blood sugar level can be controlled by diet, exercise, drugs and insulin therapy.

In a word, insulin is a key hormone, which regulates metabolic processes such as blood sugar level and energy metabolism, and plays an important role in maintaining the stability of blood sugar level and energy balance in the body.