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Yang Jie's peach and plum world
193 1 was elected executive member of the Kuomintang central Committee, 12 was elected president of the army university, and 1932 was elected second chief of staff of the military commission and president of the army university. General Yang Jie not only has excellent military command ability, but also is an outstanding military theorist and educator. He has been engaged in military theoretical research and military education for a long time, and made great achievements in establishing China's strategic and tactical theory. He put forward many important strategies to transform China's army and improve its combat effectiveness. He served as the leader of the Army University for a long time, trained a large number of military talents for the country and played a great role in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. He paid attention to strengthening students' moral character and personality education, and emphasized that a generation of soldiers in China should have a strong patriotic spirit.

1In March, 933, he joined the Finance Minister, the Military and Political Minister He, the Interior Minister Huang and the Foreign Minister Tan Beibei as the Chief of Staff of the Beiping Branch of the Military Commission and the Commander-in-Chief of the Eighth Army Corps in North China to participate in the Great Wall War of Resistance. Command Gubeikou, Lengkou, xifengkou military, put forward the idea of withdrawing equipment at the Jurentang military meeting, demanding that the frontline positions be boldly abandoned to lead the enemy into Miyun Mountain, and the three armies were deployed into pocket arrays to annihilate the Japanese army. To this end, he simply announced that the worse war is fierce and cannot be defended, and this plan must be implemented. And has been at odds, so I called Xu, the commander of the 17 army, and asked if the war was fierce. Why did he sign the Hemei agreement later? Yang Jie cursed: "This is naked betrayal. You are so stupid that you can't sell it."

In September, he served as the head of the military delegation to Europe to inspect the army. After nearly a year, Yang Jie went to Germany, France, the Soviet Union and other 29 countries for military inspection. In the Soviet Union, Stalin met him many times and called him a "strategic expert". He praised his book The Nature and Usage of Mongolian Cavalry. In Britain, when he was talking with the Minister of Defense about the situation before and after World War I, the Minister of Defense used a forged national defense plan to test Yang Jie's military ability. After a little consideration, Yang Jie said that the national defense plan could not be true, and proposed amendments. The result is similar to Britain's real national defense plan. The defense minister was very surprised and praised him as a "master of military science." Since then, his military and diplomatic skills have also become world-famous. After he returned to China, he wrote the famous Military Investigation Report of European Countries. Chiang Kai-shek should immediately strengthen the construction of heavy industry, implement a plan focusing on defense industry, and overcome the shortcomings of relying on foreign weapons. Otherwise, the world war will be over, countries will take care of themselves, and the enemy will block our coast. At that time, although it will cost thousands of dollars, it is impossible to use weapons to defend the enemy. However, Chiang Kai-shek did not take his advice. 1934+February served as the second chief of staff, acting chief of staff, leader of the castle and director of the air defense Committee.

When he was the director of the Aviation Committee, he inspected several newly bought planes and found that they were all modified with scrapped planes. He complained to Chiang Kai-shek, but since the planes were purchased by Song Meiling and Kong Xiangxi, Chiang Kai-shek avoided dealing with them, so he had to resign from the Aviation Committee. Later, together with Chen, his brother and He, he accused him of misappropriating public funds to build national defense fortifications in Nanjing. Chiang Kai-shek shot the quartermaster and deputy director of the castle, and his castle leader and acting chief of staff were also removed.

1935 1 is also the director of education of the army university. Yang Jie educates students according to the educational management methods of Japanese Army University. According to the Japanese secondary school system, the NCO School (equivalent to China Huangpu Army Academy) is responsible for training and education, so that an ordinary secondary school graduate or an army NCO (Middle-earth) can become a qualified officer through the education and training of NCO. All military knowledge such as tactics, weapons, military system, fortifications, terrain, the idea of "loyalty to the army and patriotism", the appearance and style of officers must reach a certain level before they can graduate as officers. The Army University is the highest military academy of the Army, for general officers to further study and become senior commanders and staff officers. Any officer (company, battalion commander) who has worked in the home team for two years can take the exam. Besides written military science and general science. In addition to foreign languages, we also have a variety of oral tests of common sense to observe candidates' coping strategies and language behavior. Students of Japanese Army University are in school for three years and take exams every three years. Due to age restrictions, ordinary officers can only take the exam twice in their lifetime. Graduates of Lu University are not worried about being promoted to general. Therefore, the graduates of Luda University in Japan are very conceited, elegant and imposing. Therefore, students do not form teams at school, and there is no queue management. Students go home after finishing their homework at school. Tactics and all kinds of homework on the map can be taken home for homework. Yang Jie presided over China Luda University, emphasizing only academics and not queue management. In his view, political education, discipline, style of work, etiquette, etc. should be completed in training education, and the task of Luda University is to cultivate the academic ethics of senior commanders and excellent staff officers. Students should be made to be self-respecting and self-disciplined, rather than passively observing discipline. He often talks about Japan's Land University, demanding students' autonomy and electing a student leader to manage themselves. He hopes that students will respect themselves from the heart to cultivate the commander-in-chief personality.

Yang Jie pays attention to applying tactics. He advocates that Chinese and foreign teachers should focus on teaching strategies in the first and second academic years. He said: only by laying a good foundation of division tactics can military tactics and army tactics be handy. Get twice the result with half the effort. One spring, Mr. Yang Jie personally directed field tactics. His structural assumption is that the Red Army, which is three times better equipped than the Blue Army, landed in Lianyungang, and the Blue Army with superior equipment entered Guazhou area on the other side of Zhenjiang with its first division through Huaiyin and Yangzhou. Despite the harassment of the blue army in the rear, it was learned that the enemy troops in Zhenjiang were weak, and a cavalry brigade of the enemy was heading south of Huaiyang, and it took two days for its own follow-up corps to arrive. He asked the teacher why he made up his mind. Most of the students' answers are to hold their ground or break it when the enemy cavalry arrives. He took out his original case of crossing the river to capture Zhenjiang, forming a bridgehead position and waiting for the arrival of the follow-up corps, and then attacking Nanjing. Some people say that this is a replica of his tactical assumptions and answers when he graduated from the Japanese Army University. Whether it is or not, the idea is really clever.

Teacher Yang Jie thinks that commanders and staff officers can't ride without horses, so he wants students to practice riding for three years. He also believes that modern warfare has been mechanized, requiring students to drive motorcycles and cars. Unfortunately, due to lack of funds, we failed to achieve this goal. He believes that modern warfare is three-dimensional, and commanders and staff officers must understand air force tactics and must conduct aerial reconnaissance and air command. So after graduating from the tenth session, Luda sent three people to learn aerial reconnaissance. 1936 Guangdong and Guangxi opposed Chiang kai-shek. He took advantage of the situation of both sides and the opportunity of Japan's visit to North China to make a decision, and asked the researchers to answer as commander Chiang Kai-shek. The students' answer is to March into Shaoguan and cut off the connection between Guangdong and Guangxi. He took out the original case: the army crushed Shaoguan and sought a political solution on the grounds of spying on neighboring countries. He commented: If a military solution is achieved, it will not be a victory for Guangdong and Guangxi, nor a victory for the Central Committee, but a victory for Japan. The students sincerely admire his vision and loyalty to the country.

Army University is the highest institution to train middle and senior officers, and recruits officers above lieutenant and below major general. Yang Jie believes that the quality of the army is related to the life and death of the country and the nation, especially commanders and spin doctors, who shoulder the heavy responsibility of national defense and must be able to strategize and win thousands of miles, with both theoretical basis and practical experience. He often said, "One will be incompetent and the three armies will be exhausted." Therefore, when he presided over the work of Lu University, he made great efforts to improve the teaching quality. In the course design, he learned from others, not only recruited instructors with practical knowledge to teach ancient war history, national war history, army tactics, staff service, military geography, military education, logistics service and other courses, but also hired instructors from Germany, Italy, France, the Soviet Union and other countries to teach modern military courses such as sea and air tactics, armored tactics, chemical warfare, fortifications and espionage service. We also invited famous scholars from China to give lectures, such as Ma Yinchu's lecture on economics, Sacon's lecture on sociology and Xia Nai's lecture on law. I have personally taught courses such as "The Secret of War" and "On Commanders", paying special attention to integrating theory with practice. He often leads students into the wild to carry out tactical operations in combination with the terrain. Once in Shanghai, he pointed to jinshanwei and said to the students, "Once the war breaks out, this will be the favorite landing place for the enemy, because I have made a detailed investigation and study on the tides, water levels and topography here." Sure enough, in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese army successfully landed in jinshanwei, where nobody cares. Later, whenever this matter was mentioned, the students admired the teacher's insight.

1In August, 935, Lushan organized an officer training regiment, headed by Chiang Kai-shek, who was affiliated with the regiment. 10, 165438+ re-elected as the executive member of the KMT Central Committee. He is famous and has a big temper. He scolds anyone who is not pleasing to the eye and has no face at all. Chen Cheng besieged the Central Red Army for the fourth time in Jiangxi and was defeated by Zhu De. He praised Chen Cheng as a pig, even the enemy. Chiang Kai-shek showed him Qin Ying's battle plan against Japan. After reading it, he tore it up and scolded: "Bullshit plan." I immediately wrote another copy to Jiang. Later, Tian Fang, another self-proclaimed military expert, said that he actually despised Chiang Kai-shek, but he was afraid to publicly scold him. Chiang Kai-shek delivered a speech at the Lushan Officer Training Corps: "My family name is Jiang, and the people of the whole country punished him." He immediately stood up and responded: "I went abroad and saw that all countries were busy, Germany was busy, the Soviet Union was busy, Italy was busy, and Japan was busy. It seems that it is not enough to swallow my three northeastern provinces, and it is even more aggressive to destroy China. But when I returned to Shanghai, I found that there were idle people everywhere, and government officials were even more idle, eating, drinking and having fun all night, which simply left behind the humiliation of the fall of the three northeastern provinces. I hope the government will take effective measures to resist Japan. " Chiang Kai-shek was on pins and needles, in distress situation.

During this period, he wrote military works such as "General of the Great Army" and "Essentials of War", and took the sentence "Heaven is strong, and gentlemen strive for self-improvement" in the Book of Changes as the theoretical basis of his "life is war". He believes that if everything in the world wants to survive, it must fight. The so-called healthy person is the endless cycle of spring, summer, autumn and winter. Heaven slackens for a while, everything loses its time, and the world dies. Therefore, as the saying goes, "survival needs war, and war is self-improvement." But war is not a world of bullets, but the pursuit of knowledge, skills and health. He believes that the new military competition will start at the expense of the weak like China. If we want to survive, we must strengthen ourselves. We must never buy foreign goods to expand the national economy. He believes that Japan's invasion of China will definitely adopt the tactics of quick victory, and there is no other way but to lure the enemy deeper and gather again. He believes: "When our soldiers put on military uniforms, this kind of life belongs to the country, and we no longer know that we have a personal life. This is the personality of a soldier. With this spirit, it is good to play it out. If you play well, it's beautiful.

After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, he shouted at the military meeting: At present, the battle between warlords and chaebol, the battle between navy and army, and the battle between young and old. The whole country is disunited. Japan has offended Britain and the United States in diplomacy and made taboos in the military. It is not difficult to defeat it. He thought he would be appointed as the chief of staff to preside over the protracted war against Japan, but Jiang appointed the chief of staff when he set up the base camp. He was very disappointed.

In August, he was appointed as the head of the delegation to the Soviet Union to inspect the Soviet Union. In fact, he wanted to win arms aid from the Sino-Soviet Union and the Soviet Union. Stalin did not agree to the alliance between China and the Soviet Union, but agreed to set up 20 Soviet mechanics for the National Government 1 100 million rubles, and attached a Soviet air force to assist China. Therefore, he made great contributions in 37 years, including the rank of general, and served as the second military director from 65438 to 0938. During his stay in the Soviet Union, he was often received by leaders such as Stalin and voroshilov, and received a total of 250 million US dollars in materials and loans, which strongly supported China's anti-Japanese war. He carefully studied the socialist system of the Soviet Union, and also studied the works such as Producer's Manifesto and Das Kapital. He believes that the socialist system of the Soviet Union is conducive to national defense construction, and General Yang Jie's years of contact with the producers of * * * has gradually changed his sympathy to support and recognition of the producers of * * *. In military strategy, he advocated deploying heavy troops on the Sino-Soviet border to provoke a war between Japan and the Soviet Union. The southern line must restore Guangzhou, guide the Japanese army to develop southward and oppose Britain and the United States.

1940 When he returned to China, he proposed to Chiang Kai-shek the suggestion of uniting the Soviet Union in the war of resistance and specific operational tactics. However, Chiang Kai-shek gave him a copy of The Complete Works of Zeng and asked him to read it carefully. He was so angry that he played mahjong for three months, then scribbled some notes and sent them to a job. Chiang Kai-shek lost his temper when he read the notes. He got an idle job, stayed in Chongqing as an adviser to the Central Military Commission, and later served as an instructor of the Central Training Corps. At this time, he wrote millions of military masterpieces such as New Theory of National Defense, Military and National Defense, which were published by Chongqing Commercial Press 1943. It is divided into three parts: The first part is the "epistemology" of national defense, introducing national defense at all times and at all times. The second part is the "ontology" of national defense, which expounds various forms and organizations of modern national defense; The third part is the "methodology" of national defense, which expounds the practical problems of national defense construction in China. In this book, Yang Jie fully discusses the relationship between national defense construction and politics, economy and culture. He said: "National defense is the crystallization of political, economic, cultural, social, military and other forces. Military is the apex of the crystal, and economy is the foundation of the crystal." At the same time, the influence of China's social politics on economy and military affairs is deeply analyzed. He believed that the political corruption of the Kuomintang government led to the corruption of the economy, military and armament industries, which in turn led to the decadence of the national spirit. Without the ability to resist aggression, national defense is out of the question. With incisive language and sharp brushwork, Yang Jie painted a panoramic view of the ideal national defense for people, and at the same time showed people the broken scene of China's national defense under the rule of the Kuomintang, which undoubtedly required enough courage and boldness. After the book was published, it attracted great attention and was reprinted three times in half a year. Military and National Defense, published by Chongqing Commercial Press 1944, is another representative work of Yang Jie's military thought. In this book, Yang Jie discusses national defense and military issues. He said: "The form of social life is determined by social production technology, productivity and production relations. After the revolution, great changes have taken place in social productive forces, making the relationship between national defense and the people increasingly close; Without the support of the people, the war cannot be carried out; Without the participation of the people, national defense cannot be built. " "From the soldiers' war to the people's war, from the soldiers' national defense to the people's national defense, this is the dividing line between feudal society and capitalist society. True people's national defense is the characteristic of national defense organizations in socialist countries. The' people' is the symbol of this era and the creator and dominator of society. " Finally, he came to the conclusion that only in a socialist country that has eliminated the system of exploitation by man can real people's national defense be established. Needless to quote his words, it is enough to show that Yang Jie studied Marxism in the Soviet Union and combined some Marxist viewpoints with his military theory. His theories are obviously completely contrary to Chiang Kai-shek's one-sided anti-Japanese war theory and have aroused great repercussions within the Kuomintang. Although Chiang Kai-shek understood that this theory could not dominate the military policy of the Kuomintang, he was still very worried and anxious. What is the difference between this development and the proposition of the * * * production party?

Chiang Kai-shek's worry is not unreasonable. In the process of writing with great concentration, Yang Jie agrees with many viewpoints of the * * * production party, especially the viewpoint of carrying out the national war of resistance. Therefore, from 65438 to 0943, Yang Jie got in touch with the leaders and directors of the Southern Bureau. He Dong expressed his appreciation for Yang Jie's anti-Japanese proposition and trusted him very much. 1943 Yang Jie went to Europe for a short military investigation. When passing through Kunming, Dong also asked him to give an instruction letter from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the leader of the underground party in Kunming. Since then, Yang Jie has frequently expressed her views in public. When he attended the symposium on the Soviet-German war at Fudan University, he analyzed: "Between the Soviet Union and Germany, Germany is not strong enough to completely defeat the Soviet Union." This is because "war is a wrestling, that is, the struggle between material strength and spiritual strength. Material strength is certain, while spirit can expand or contract. The power of war is the sum of the two forces. Once the spirit is lost, material strength becomes useless. " In his speech to students in the summer camp of the Kuomintang Military Academy, he divided the Second World War into three battlefields: Europe, the Pacific Ocean and China. When analyzing the battlefield in China, he said: "The key to victory is still in me. However, Japanese warlords went their own way and fought the last Shi Jiao War, which connected the mainland with the mainland. Then China was in a dominant position and had to rely on its own strength to solve it. " These views make the listener feel refreshed. He advocated that modern warfare has expanded from the confrontation of armed personnel to the confrontation of all the people, and only a war rooted in the people can be invincible; Cultural conquest is an invisible and silent ideological occupation, which emphasizes cultural construction in national defense. Highly respected by the military circles at home and abroad. He also made dozens of analysis reports on the world military situation. From 65438 to 0944, he served as the head of China's military delegation, inspected British and American military facilities, and opened up the second battlefield in Europe. He criticized Eisenhower for launching his strategic plan and losing the battle after landing in Normandy. Soon after, the fruit was countered by the Germans, and Ardennes fell. When the Yunnan Expeditionary Force counterattacked, he happened to visit relatives Wei and others in his hometown in go to dali to consult military strategy and tactics. 1In May, 945, he was re-elected as an executive member of the Kuomintang Central Committee.