Shihua peach

Shihuaguo Peach is a very early-maturing yellow-fleshed crisp peach bred by crossing yellow-fleshed peach with yellow × Yuandong white peach when Shihuaguo went to Guizhou for poverty alleviation through science and technology at his own expense. Belonging to the southern variety group, it is an early-maturing fresh food species named after the breeder. At the variety identification meeting in 2005, it was considered that "this variety has a strong market space among the early-maturing peach varieties in the world." In the same year, he won the honorary title of "Chinese Famous Fruit". This variety has wide adaptability and high yield, and can be planted in peach producing areas all over the country. At present, it is not only planted in Wucheng and Jin Dong, but also radiated to Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Ningbo, Quzhou and other places. This variety is registered by the Institute of Agricultural Ecology, Bijie City, Guizhou Province.

Typical characteristics:

(1) This product has great potential for planting trees, and its young roots are developed and grow vigorously. The flowering rate of 2-year-old trees planted with semi-mature seedlings reached 46%. The long, medium and short fruit branches of this peach can bear fruit, and the flower buds at the base of the fruit branches mainly formed flower clusters. The leaves are large, and the fourth leaf at the base of the branch is 4.2㎝ in length 14.9㎝. The leaf color is dark green in the early stage, yellow-green in the middle stage and brown in the late stage; The sunny side of the branch was dark pink. Buds are big and there is no pollen. The average ratio of branches and leaves to fruits is 8. 1: 1.

(2) Jinhua, Zhejiang, blooms in mid-March; Jinhua's fruit ripens in late May. It takes about 57 days for the fruit to wither and mature, and the defoliation period is 165438+ 10 month. Generally, the refrigeration capacity is less than 830 hours.

(3) The fruit is oval to round with white suture; The top of the fruit is flushed, the first fruit tree is small, and the adult tree is big. Generally, the weight of a single fruit is 200-300 g, the circumference of the fruit is 13.4㎝, and there is very little fluff. Peel flesh is golden yellow, without red pigment; The fruit is juicy, with little fiber, rich aroma and no sour taste. The content of soluble solids is 14.3% ~ 15.2%. The red part at the top of the fruit shrinked when it was stored at room temperature for16 days, but the pulp did not rot.

(4) Strong resistance, wide adaptability, and lax requirements for soil, which can be planted in general soil. On March 12, 2005, Jinhua was hit by a cold current, and the yield per mu was still1650 per 666.7m2 under the influence of heavy snow. This variety has strong disease resistance, but in cotton area, this peach is vulnerable to red spiders, aphids and so on. Except for physiological gummosis, there is almost no disease in the whole growth period in southern China.

cultivation techniques

① Dwarf dense planting varieties have great growth potential and are not suitable for traditional sparse planting methods. Don't dig deep holes, plant 220 ~ 660 plants closely, promote the cultivation technology first and then control it, and realize the high-quality and efficient cultivation goal of "planting in the same year, harvesting in the next year and harvesting in the third year", and the yield per mu of 4-year-old trees can reach 2500 kg; Pruning in pagoda shape can improve fruit quality; Dwarfing trees is convenient for management and realizes early fruit and early harvest.

(2) Proper trunk shaping is adopted for shaping and pruning, and the lower three main branches are naturally open. When cultivating the upper main branches, the spacing between layers should be widened, the length of the main branches should be shortened in turn, and the tree body should be pagoda-shaped. When pruning, we should stick to thinning the branches that grow vertically to prevent the upper part from being strong and the lower part from being weak; Twist the lower branches in time and loosen some nutrient branches appropriately.

③ Fertilization technology Mastering fertilizer types is the key to stable production, and the fertilizer ratio is N 1: P0.5: K 1. This fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer or biological fertilizer. During the whole growth period of peach trees, attention should be paid to the use of fruit-stabilizing fertilizer and autumn fertilizer, which account for 35% of the growth period respectively.

(4) The self-pollination rate of peaches with pollinated trees is not high, so pollinated trees with similar florescence and large pollen quantity should be arranged, such as Jin Zhe 1, Zaohualu, Daguan 1. The ratio is 10: 2. The structure can adopt a "meter" shape or a "Z" shape.

⑤ Disease Prevention When the garden is closed in winter and the buds are red, the peach tree leaf shrinkage disease should be prevented in time. As an effective drug, 500 grams of crystal sulfur mixture with water 15㎏ can kill and protect pathogenic bacteria. Aphids, red spiders, etc. Should be effectively killed and protected by oral chemicals. If the peach-pink-necked longicorn beetle is found, it should be caught and killed in time.