1, material selection on the basin
Nature is a very generous and kind mother, so we can see all kinds of pine and cypress in it, but we all know that not all pine and cypress can be used to make bonsai, so there is a job of selecting materials when making pine and cypress bonsai. This job requires some experience and common sense. Generally speaking, natural and elegant, simple and wild pine and cypress are good bonsai materials. After selecting the pine and cypress, you can prepare the pot. The shape of the pot usually depends on the tree shape of the plant, which can be straight, double or inclined. It is also possible to bend dry and cliff-shaped cans.
Step 2 trim the whole posture
After the pine and cypress trees are potted, it does not mean that the pine and cypress bonsai is completed. The shape of a bonsai is very important, so there is another very important thing in this period, which is the work of pruning and overall posture. In fact, the pine and cypress trees we originally selected generally have a basic shape, so in the pruning process of pruning posture, we basically do some modification and pruning according to this basic shape, such as cutting off the redundant long branches, cross branches and parallel branches on the pine and cypress trees, and then hanging the branches properly, thus enhancing the old state of the pine and cypress trunk, so that the pine and cypress will look more vicissitudes and wild, and the ornamental value will naturally be high.
3. Tree species and techniques of cypress bonsai
(1) For young cypress trees cultivated by methods such as sowing, cutting and layering, the trend can be determined according to the shape and branching of the tree. If the trunk of cypress is too straight, it should be slightly tilted when planting to increase the dynamic potential of the tree. According to the needs of modeling, cut short or bend, cut off branches that are not needed for modeling, and then tie them tightly with metal wires to gradually improve their modeling.
(2) For Sabina chinensis, firstly, according to the different thickness of branches, metal wires with different thicknesses are selected to be wound on them, and twisted while winding. Some people say that no matter what the shape of cypress bonsai is, there must be several bright spots (generally 1 ~ 3), and then the shapes of other parts should be centered around several bright spots, just like a big play, leading role and supporting role, so as to make the works clear and have higher appreciation.
(3) The stump is the main feature of cypress bonsai modeling, which is difficult. It requires the producer to have rich bonsai knowledge, be familiar with the habits and morphological characteristics of different species and varieties of cypress, and be skilled in using power tools and hand tools, so as to freely use the carving and drawing skills of sarira and sacred branches.
(4) Pay attention to the timing when making the relic, and March to May is appropriate, because the juice is active at this time, and the incision is easy to heal and swell; When you make a magic branch, you should always choose more forks, so that you can look good and look good.
Second, the conservation methods of pine and cypress bonsai
1, environmental protection
It takes some thought to make the pine and cypress bonsai green all year round. This plant has certain requirements for its growing environment, so everyone needs to put it in a sunny, ventilated and humid place. When placing, people should pay attention to raising the basin bottom to facilitate ventilation and drainage. When it is hot in midsummer, it must be placed in a cool and ventilated place, not exposed to the sun. In areas above -5℃ in winter, it can be put outdoors for wintering, and it is best to bury the pot in the soil in the leeward to expose the branches. If you put it indoors for the winter, the temperature should not be higher than 10℃, otherwise it will affect dormancy.
2. How to water it
For some people, due to the lack of corresponding knowledge, it is difficult for them to master appropriate watering measures, either watering too much or watering too little. In order to make the pine and cypress bonsai grow better, we should always observe the dry and wet conditions of the soil and choose the watering amount according to the actual situation. At the same time, the amount of watering depends on different specific tree species, seasonal changes and cold weather. Generally speaking, in summer or drought, it is best to water it once in the morning and evening, once every day or every other day in spring and autumn, and once in the morning and evening when the stump germinates in spring. In rainy season or rainy day, you don't need to water, but also pay attention to drainage. Sandy soil can be watered more and cohesive soil less.
3. Fertilization management
It is not enough just to water pine and cypress trees. We should also fertilize it regularly. Of course, you should not apply too much fertilizer too often, which will also affect the growth of plants. When fertilizing, everyone should grasp the content and types of fertilization and grasp the fertilization season. Generally speaking, the three elements of plant growth nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of branches and leaves of stumps; Phosphate fertilizer can promote the formation of flowers and fruits; Potassium fertilizer can promote the growth of stems and roots, so the choice of fertilizer should be based on the type of stump and its growth trend. If you want to make the stump flourish, you can apply more nitrogen fertilizer; If you want to make the stump blossom and bear more fruits, you can increase the content of phosphate fertilizer; If you want a strong and developed root system, you can apply more potassium fertilizer.
4. Dressing and shaping
Bonsai was beautiful when it was first bought. After a period of growth, the original shape will change, reducing its ornamental value. Therefore, everyone needs to trim and shape, cut long and short skills, cut secret skills, and maintain a beautiful tree posture and an appropriate proportion. In order to enhance the old state of the trunk and make it more interesting, the trunk can be properly decorated to make up for the deficiency of the old stump.
5. Turn the basin regularly
In order to make the pine and cypress bonsai grow better, it is necessary to turn over the pots regularly, but it is not advisable to turn over the pots frequently. It is necessary to grasp the number and frequency of turning the pot. Generally speaking, we can turn the pot four or five times a year, with an interval of two to three months. Late autumn is ok, but it is not conducive to rooting. When turning over the pot, you can remove some soil from the roots, but be careful not to scatter the mud balls from the roots, then sort out the roots, remove the rotten roots, cut off the excessive fibrous roots appropriately, and plant them according to the technical requirements of the pot.
6, pest control
Plants have problems with pests and diseases. In order to better maintain the beauty of bonsai, the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests must also be done well. There are not many pests and diseases of pine and cypress, mainly rust and red star disease. Pests are red spiders that harm leaves; Attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of Monochamus alternatus, and the disease can be prevented by spraying some Bordeaux mixture.