1. Correctly grasp the pruning time

Pruning branches and vines should not be too early or too late. It is also a waste that the nutrients in the trees do not flow back in place too early. It is too late to reach the bleeding stage, and nutrients flow out of the wound, consuming a lot of nutrients. The best time for grape pruning is 3-4 weeks after defoliation, that is, the beginning of December-the end of January. Protecting the wound after pruning is no exception, and the protection of the cut should be done well.

2. Reduce the injury caused by vines and reduce the degree of bleeding

In cold regions, grapes need to be buried for cold protection, and vine injuries will inevitably occur when vines are unearthed, which will lead to aggravated bleeding. Therefore, attention must be paid to mechanical damage when the branches and vines are unearthed.

Grasp the unearthed time, "Apricot trees blossom and grapes are unearthed", which is a natural law and an inevitable phenomenon, that is, the signal of phenology. According to the phenological signals of various regions, we should do a good job in the excavation of branches and vines.

The unearthed branches and vines are staged, and the unearthed branches and vines are divided into three times, the first time; Throw away three-tenths of the mound and let the branches and vines adapt to the external environment slowly. The second time, on the basis of the first dumping, another week later, the second excavation was carried out. Slowly throw the mound on the vine with a pout, then hook the vine with a pout to expose the vine on the ground, hold the vine by hand and shake off the residual soil, and then pull the soil. Don't pull it clean, and keep a small mound at the root to avoid freezing injury. The third time to pull the soil is when the average outside temperature is about 15.

3. Improve the self-resistance of trees and enhance their cold and frost resistance

Fertilize and irrigate in time, (let the trees eat and drink enough to improve their cold resistance) As the saying goes; The number of spikes was in the year before last, and the size of spikes depends on today, which just shows the importance of spring management. Combined with fertilization and irrigation, the plant resistance can be effectively improved by applying .5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per plant, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is-1.5: 1: 2 kg, plus a small amount of biological bacterial fertilizer and trace elements. According to the orchard with drip irrigation facilities, it is best to use water-soluble fertilizer. Save fertilizer, water, power and cost.

4. Protecting the wound

is the most effective and simple way to prevent grape bleeding. After the grapes are pruned, white latex or sealing oil is applied to the cut mouth, so that the slag of the sulfur mixture can be applied to the wound, which is simple, convenient, low in cost and good in effect. According to the author's investigation and comparison, about 5% of grape vines without wound protection are bleeding, while only about 2% of grape vines with protective agent are bleeding.

5. Clean the garden thoroughly to reduce the infection of pests and diseases

Reduce the insect population index; Remove the fallen leaves from the garden, bury them deeply, and manually scrape the eggs. For example, the eggs of the spotted wax cicada are fast and need to be scraped manually. Killing one in spring is equivalent to killing 1 adults in summer, so as to achieve the result with half the effort.

6. Prevention of cold injury

Before the arrival of late spring cold, prevention of freezing injury is also an important task of orchard management, which must be strictly guarded. Main measures; First, the orchard is irrigated to reduce the surface temperature and delay the germination time. Second, the orchard smoked and changed the microclimate of the orchard. The third is to use aerospace Hengfeng brand bacteria to drench the fields, and the dosage is 1 times to protect the branches and vines. You can also spray the trunk with brassinolide 2 times.

7. Implement physical protection law

Bagging young trees to prevent freezing injury. The plastic film is made into a bag with a width of 3cm, and the effect is also good.

8. Using biological control method

The trunk can be protected by spraying high-fat film 1 times for the big trees in the full fruit period.

9. Touch buds in advance to reduce nutrient consumption

Touch off weak buds, useless buds, double buds and headless buds, as the saying goes; Adding grain is not as good as reducing the mouth, so touching the buds of grapes is equivalent to reducing the mouth, thus reducing the consumption of nutrients and making all the nutrients supplied to the preserved branches and buds.

1. Disease control in 2-3 leaves after germination

Take precautions according to the occurrence of pests and diseases in your own orchard; For example; Some orchards have serious downy mildew, some orchards have serious black pox and some orchards have serious gray mold. According to your actual situation, use drugs, find the right position and sit in the right place.

11. Prevention and control of main pests at leaf-spreading stage

The main pests after leaf-spreading of grapes are green blind stinkbug, spotted wax cicada, Venus scarab, which harm the young tissues of grapes, especially the green blind stinkbug of grapes; Although the bugs are small, they are extremely harmful. Serious vineyards occurred in stinkbug with green blindness, and the damaged leaves were like reticulation, which made it difficult to synthesize organic nutrition. The damaged fruit completely loses its commodity value.

symptoms: there are dense black spots on the surface of the fruit, and the black spots are expanding with the growth and expansion of the fruit. In the second expansion stage of the fruit, the black spots crack and rot with the rain.

control measures: use 2 times of cypermethrin or 2 times of chlorpyrifos. You can also adopt the technical measures of "one spray and three prevention" to kill pests and diseases at the same time, and supplement nutrition, and use it twice every 1 days or so can effectively prevent the harm of green blindness stinkbug.

Extended information:

Grape is the reason for pruning:

1. Prolonging the growth period: Grape is a perennial plant, which can generally bear fruit in the second year after planting, and the fruit tree can live for about 15 years and bear fruit for about 2 ~ 4 years. The purpose of pruning is to effectively prolong the growth period of fruit trees, so that branches can update their metabolism and delay aging.

2. Promote nutrient absorption: After the vines grow for a certain period of time, the main branches will quickly take root and grow, absorbing a lot of nutrients, so that the lateral branches lack nutrition and cannot grow normally. Therefore, pruning can effectively promote the physiological activities of the whole branches and branches, strengthen the nutrient absorption of all parts, and enhance the grooming effect, so as to promote the annual distribution of the trees.

3. Improve ventilation: When the vines grow for a certain period of time, they will appear disorderly growth, crazy growth and branch jumping, which will block the plants from absorbing light. Pruning and shaping can effectively improve ventilation, let the sun shine on every part and enhance photosynthesis.

Benefits of grape pruning:

1. Promote sufficient nutrients in branches: Pruned vines will reduce the number of flower buds, effectively improve the uniform distribution of nutrients, make plants grow better, and at the same time, improve ventilation and illumination, so that the branches left behind are full of nutrients.

2. Adjust the bearing capacity: There is a certain relationship between the bearing capacity of vines and the number of buds. If there are many buds, the yield will be high, which will cause a certain load capacity to the trees and affect the grape bearing. At the same time, it will also affect the differentiation of flower buds and the maturity of branches in the same year, which is not conducive to flowering and fruiting in the next year.

3. Cultivate a reasonable tree structure: Pruning and shaping the vines can effectively change the shape, promote the nutrient uniformity of each branch, and effectively differentiate flower buds, which is beneficial to the next year's fruit. At the same time, it can make the tree grow better and delay aging.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Grape Tree