Key points of yellow peach cultivation techniques 2009-2-1815: 09: 35 Source: China Agricultural Technology Network Select the nursery site: select the land with high pit height, sufficient sunshine and loose and fertile soil, cultivate deeply before sowing, apply sufficient organic fertilizer and open the drainage ditch. Peach seedling 1. Choose a nursery with high pit, abundant sunshine and loose and fertile land. Before sowing, plough deeply, apply sufficient organic fertilizer and open drainage ditch. 2. Cultivation of rootstock seedlings (peach seedlings) The seedlings that produce splendid yellow peaches are generally grafted seedlings, and wild peaches are often used as rootstocks. 3. There are two methods of grafting seedling: T-shaped insertion method and bud head attachment method (this paper focuses on the latter). Advantages: simple operation, suitable for large-scale grafting operation procedures: ① rootstock treatment: cutting rootstock 10- 15㎝: cutting rootstock on smooth surface with grafting knife for 2.5-3㎝. Branches with a width of about 3-3.5㎝ reach xylem ② scion treatment: selecting bud heads: selecting robust vegetative branch bud heads as scions on mother plants, removing leaves and keeping petioles; Bud cutting head: cut a knife 0.5㎝ from the upper part of the bud to the xylem, and then cross-cut the xylem at the lower part of the bud. Sticking scion: Sticking the cut scion to the cut of the rootstock to align the cambium. (3) Binding and Loosening The scion rootstock is bound with plastic film tape, and the survival condition is checked and loosened in time after two weeks. Planting 1, digging planting holes: the depth of planting holes is 40-50㎝, and about 40 holes are dug per mu; Apply 50㎏ organic fertilizer to each hole and add 1㎏ calcium superphosphate to achieve one layer of fertilizer and one layer of soil; When the planting hole filled with soil fertilizer is flush with the ground, take mud from the periphery of the hole and make it into a planting mound with a height of 40-50㎝ for planting. 2. The width (row spacing) of the open drainage ditch is 4.5-5m, the plant spacing is 4.5m, the width and depth of the ditch are 40㎝ and 50㎝, and the depth of the surrounding ditch and drainage ditch is 80㎝. 3. Planting: ① Bud seedlings (grafted in September): full buds, 0.5-0.7 cm thick stems, weak taproots, strong lateral roots, many fibrous roots and no nodules. ② Seedling (grafting in June): The seedling is stout, with a stem diameter of 0.6cm and a full bud of 6-8 grades. Disinfection: To prevent nodulation, 2 ~ 3kg ammonia water can be used for disinfection before planting. Planting: The time should be before germination in late winter and early spring, preferably before the end of February. The planting depth should be 3 ~ 5 cm below the grafting site, and the buds should be sunny. After planting, water the living trees. Set up support rods: To prevent the seedlings from swaying due to wind, insert a 50 cm bamboo pole next to the seedlings and tie it tightly. Rootstock cutting and coring: When the grafted bud grows to more than 40cm, the rootstock should be cut off in time and cut diagonally at the upper end of the grafted bud 1cm. When the grafted bud grows to more than 60cm, the heart should be removed in time to promote the growth of attached branches and prepare for the cultivation of three branches. Fertilization management ① 1 ~ 2 years, newly planted seedlings must pay attention to fertilization management to promote seedling growth, but thin fertilizer must be applied frequently. Young trees can plant some vegetables in spring and summer seedling growing season, which is beneficial to improve soil vitality and soil quality, but never plant tall crops. From September to 65438+10, the decomposed organic fertilizer can be applied deeply, with the dosage of about 30 tons per mu and 50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, and it can be applied less or not at the beginning of the third year to control the nutritional growth. ② Fertilize the growing and fruiting trees (normally put into production) twice a year: the first time is called "post-harvest fertilization" after picking the fruits in autumn and before defoliation; The amount of fertilization should be determined according to the tree potential, with 40 loads of pig manure and 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu. The second fertilization is before and after the fruit hard core stage, also known as "fruit swelling fertilizer"; Generally, 40 tons of manure or yellow peach special fertilizer or imported compound fertilizer 100 kg is applied per mu, usually within 3 ~ 4 days before and after July 10. Fertilization in winter is generally carried out in the middle and late September to 65438+1early October. Water management Yellow peach fruit trees have strict requirements on water. During the rainy season and the typhoon and rainstorm in summer, it is necessary to open the drainage ditch well, so as to prevent the rain from accumulating water in the main ditch. During the fruit expansion period, the water demand is large. In case of high temperature and drought, drought-resistant irrigation must be carried out in time. In case of persistent drought in September, drought-resistant irrigation should also be carried out to promote flower bud differentiation, so that the next year will bloom normally, the fruit setting rate will be high and the yield will be stable. Summer irrigation time is best in the evening or early morning. The fruit management of yellow peach is serious, and there are three physiological fruit drops throughout the year. The first physiological fruit drop occurred about 15 days after flowering; The second fruit drop is hard-core fruit drop from the end of May to the middle of June, especially when the young trees with first fruits begin to hard-core. Prevention method: use peach to press long branches, and do not apply fertilizer before flowering to prevent the tender branches from running away; It can be repaired in summer, properly fertilized, and drained in rainy season to prevent pests and diseases. If the fruit setting rate is too high and the nutrient consumption is too high, it will cause fruit drop, so it is necessary to thin the fruit in time. Fruit thinning can be carried out twice: the first time is from late May to early June, and the obvious small fruits and over-dense fruits are thinned; The second time is from mid-June to late June. The general standard of fruit thinning is to leave 4 long fruit branches, 2 ~ 3 middle fruit branches, 1 short fruit branches. The suitable time for bagging "Jinxiu" yellow peaches is generally in the middle and late June. The plastic pruning is 1, the height of the main branch culture trunk is about 40 cm, and three main branches are evenly arranged on the trunk, and the included angle between the main branches is 120 degrees. 2. Cultivation of lateral branches Each main branch is generally equipped with two lateral branches, forming a skeleton structure of "three main branches and six sides", and the first lateral branch is arranged 60 cm away from the base of the main branch. 3. After the skeleton structure of fruit branches arranged on three main sides and six sides is completed, other branches mainly used for bearing fruit are collectively called fruit branches. Source: China Agricultural Technology Network