Nicknames: Anemone flabellata (Guangxi Chinese Veterinary Medicine Factory), Sunflower Fan (Luchuan Herb).
Scientific name: China fan palm
Latin scientific name: Pukui
Distribution: China specialty, native to China, South China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Qiongtai), Ryukyu and Ogasawara Island.
Classification: Malvaceae.
Shape: single stem,10 ~ 20m high, trunk diameter up to 30cm. The leaf blade is palmately divided, fan-shaped, grayish green, folded inward, the tip of the lobe is slightly cracked again, drooping, soft and pure, the petiole is stout, and there are barbs on both sides. Spikelets, sparsely branched, with pale yellow, yellowish white or turquoise flowers. The nucleus is oval and the ripe fruit is dark brown.
The appearance of this species is similar to that of palm, which is difficult to distinguish. The differences are as follows:
1. Body shape. The palm of your hand is only about ten meters high. It is common for mallow to grow to 20 meters high, and its leaves are bigger, its stems are thicker and it grows faster.
2. Differences in appearance. There are only many small blunt spines on the petiole of palm, while the petiole of mallow is separated from each other by sharp barbs. Palm leaves are not only small, but also deeply split. Under normal circumstances (not damaged by external forces), the two ends of the split leaves are not drooping but straight; However, Elaeagnus angustifolia leaves are larger and shallower (so our common cattail fans are generally made of Elaeagnus angustifolia leaves, and palm leaves are not only low in yield but also deep, so they are not suitable for fans), and the blade tips naturally droop. Moreover, the fiber on the stem of mallow is less than that of palm, which is easy to fall off and expose the trunk; Palm is thick and dense, and it is not easy to fall off (in some places, palm skin is a traditional export material in China, which is used for making palm skin or artificial peeling and beauty). ) is an adaptation to the cold environment.
3. Gender differences. Palm is dioecious, mallow is monoecious. It can be distinguished from the inflorescence, but it is more difficult.
4. Distribution difference. Palm can withstand the low temperature of-10℃, and it is produced in the south of Shaanxi, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in the north, and South China and Vietnam in the south. However, the cold tolerance of Pukui is poor, which is only found in parts of South China and Southwest China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan Province Province, South Yunnan, South Fujian and other places).
Use: for viewing. Trunk can be used as walking stick, umbrella handle, house column and edible bud. Leaves can be used to make fans (Xinhui sunflower fan in Jiangmen, Guangdong is famous all over the country)
Flowering period: it blooms twice a year, with the main flowering period from early March to early May and the secondary flowering period from mid-September to late June 10, with few opportunities.
Sunlight: it is a positive plant and usually needs plenty of sunshine.
Management: Nature likes high temperature and high humidity, and has poor tolerance to cloudy cold, short-term low temperature of 0℃ and light frost. The optimum temperature for growth is about 20~28 degrees Celsius. The loam or sandy loam containing humus is the best, and the drainage is better.
Breeding: Breeding by sowing, and the suitable period is from spring to summer.
Also known as fan-leaf sunflower, sunflower fan leaf
It comes from the palm plant, Pukui, with seeds and roots as medicine. When the fruit is ripe in autumn and winter, collect seeds (sunflower seeds) and dry them in the sun; Roots can be harvested, washed and dried in all seasons.
Sweet, astringent and flat in nature.
Functional indication
Seeds: Anti-cancer. Used for esophageal cancer, choriocarcinoma, malignant mole and leukemia.
Root: Pain relief. Can be made into injection for treating various pains.
Usage and dosage Seed 1 ~ 2.
Propagation, cultivation, sowing and propagation
Landscape uses are clustered or planted in rows, used as square and street trees and background trees, and can also be used for plant greening. Small trees can be potted and decorated with safflower beech.
The scientific name of safflower: lorpetalum chinense (r.br.) olive.var.rubum yieh.
English name: China loro petals
Family name: Hamamelidaceae
Alias red eucalyptus and red eucalyptus. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree of Hamamelidaceae. The shoots are covered with dark red star-shaped hairs. Leaves alternate, leathery, ovate, entire, tender branches reddish, overwintering old leaves dark red. 4 ~ 8 flowers are clustered on the raceme peduncle, showing a terminal head shape or a short spike shape, with 4 petals, lavender and linear. Capsule woody, obovoid; The seeds are oval, black and shiny. The flowering period is April-May, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October.
Red maple is a good material for making stump bonsai, because of its lush foliage, colorful tree shape, flexible wood, pruning resistance and bundling resistance. Flowers, roots and leaves are medicinal.
Acer can be divided into three types, 15 type and 4 1 type, which are described as follows:
The first kind of tender leaf red
The third generation Acer truncatum, commonly known as single-sided red, belongs to the early cultivation type, and is mainly characterized by medium-sized leaves, l-6 cm long and 0.8-4.6 cm wide, petiole 2-5 mm long, new leaves are purplish red, old leaves are green all the year round, leaves are hairy and have poor luster. The phloem and xylem of the new shoots are light green. The fibrous roots are brown and green. The annual flowering period is 3 times, with early spring flowering, early February flowering, mid-March to mid-April flowering, and the annual flowering period is 75 to 95 days. In this category, according to the different characteristics of leaves, it can be divided into four types: long Julia, round Julia, pointed Julia and thin Julia. In each type, 9 varieties are divided according to the color and petal morphological characteristics. Compared with the other two varieties, this variety has poor ornamental value of flowers and leaves, and has been gradually eliminated in production, but it has strong ecological adaptability, especially high temperature resistance, cold resistance and barren resistance, and can be used as the original material for variety breeding.
The second kind of Tougulong
Commonly known as the fourth generation of red maple, it is a variation variety selected by asexual breeding technology on the basis of the first variety. Main features: small leaves, 0.8-4.5 cm long, 0.8-3 cm wide, petiole 2-4 mm long, new leaves purplish red, old leaves dark green, purplish red on the front, pink green on the back, purplish red on the back, and leaves with less hair than the first one. It takes a long time for red leaves to turn green in summer. Dense branches, the phloem and xylem of new shoots are purple. The fibrous roots are purplish red. The annual flowering period is 3-4 times, in the middle of spring, the initial flowering period is in the middle of February, the full flowering period is from late March to late April, and the annual flowering period is 105 to 130 days. In this class, according to the characteristics of leaf size, branch density and flowering period, it can be divided into seven types: long leaf through grain red, dense branch through grain red, sparse branch through grain red, thin leaf through grain red, spotted leaf through grain red, winter bright through grain red and Voldemort through grain red. In each type, 25 varieties are divided according to the color and petal morphological characteristics. This variety has the longest flowering period, rich flower patterns, the brightest colors, dense branches and easy modeling, and can be used to create colored sculptures and small and medium-sized shrub balls. Two varieties, purplish red thin leaves and scarlet thin leaves, are especially suitable for cultivating miniature bonsai and grafting big stumps. Dongyanhong is the only variety that blooms in winter and has high ornamental value.
The third kind of double-sided red
The fifth generation of Acer truncatum, commonly known as "Dayehong", is a variant variety type selected by asexual breeding technology on the basis of the second generation. Main features: the largest leaves, 3-9 cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide, petiole 2.5-4 mm long, the new leaves are purplish red, the front of the old leaves is purplish black, the back is purplish red, the leaves are less hairy, and the red leaves are bright and moist. In summer, the period of red leaves turning green is short. The branches are medium, and the purple fiber content in phloem and xylem of new shoots is high. The fibrous roots are purple-black. The flowering period is three times throughout the year, mainly in late spring, with the initial flowering period in late February and the full flowering period from early April to early May, lasting 78 to 95 days throughout the year. In this class, according to the characteristics of leaf size, shape and branching angle, it can be divided into four types: big leaf red, pointed leaf red, Voldemort red and warped leaf red. In each type, it is divided into 7 varieties according to obvious characteristics such as color and petal shape. This variety has large and ruddy leaves and high ornamental value. The four varieties' Dayehong',' Dayemeihong',' Dianyehong' and' Dayejuan Petal Red' have moderate branches and grow rapidly, which are suitable for cultivating large-scale colored sculptures and shrub balls.
Decorative application
The most ideal seedling varieties in southern cities of China and courtyard greening can be matched with other varieties to form beautiful patterns, while safflower has flowers all year round, adding beautiful colors to urban greening and courtyard greening. Flowers and foliage plants. Following the red flower tree, the branches and leaves are lush, the tree state is colorful, the wood is flexible, and it is resistant to pruning and flattening, so it is a good material for making stumps. The ground plants are also elegant, and they are precious ornamental trees to beautify parks, courtyards and roads.
Protection and pests and diseases
General maintenance and management, resistant to pruning. The fertilizer is mainly base fertilizer, and it is suitable to bring soil balls for seedling transplanting.
Distribution of origin
Mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the south; It is also distributed in northern India. Produced in Suzhou, Wuxi, Yixing, Liyang, Jurong and other places.
morphological character
This is a variety of beech. Evergreen shrubs or small trees. Bark is dark gray or light gray-brown, much branched. The shoots are reddish brown and densely covered with stellate hairs. Leaves leathery alternate, ovoid or ovoid, 2 ~ 5 cm long, short and sharp at the top, round and oblique at the base, asymmetrical, with stellate hairs on both sides, full and dark red. It blooms from April to May, with a long flowering period of about 30 to 40 days, and can bloom again on National Day. 3 ~ 8 flowers are terminal on the main stem, purplish red.
Growth habit
Like light, slightly tolerant to shade, but the color of leaves turns green on cloudy days. Strong adaptability and drought tolerance. Like warmth and cold resistance. Strong germination, strong branching ability and pruning resistance. It is barren-tolerant, but suitable for growing in fertile, moist and slightly acidic soil.
Garden use
Red maple is an ornamental tree, with beautiful flowers and leaves, especially when it blooms. It is often used to arrange color blocks or trim them into spheres, and is also a good material for making bonsai.
Breeding and cultivation
Seeding or grafting propagation. You can also dig old stumps that have been cut down and preserved in Shan Ye, and make ancient and peculiar stumps bonsai through plastic surgery.
Application of hongjimu
Acer wood is mainly used in garden landscape, urban greening landscape, road greening isolation belt and courtyard greening.
Flowers in Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province
On April 12, 2007, the 13th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th People's Congress of Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province decided that Acer truncatum was the city flower of Zhuzhou City.