The koi is sick and it will be like this if it is serious.

Common diseases of koi and their treatment methods and prevention

Treatment methods

1. Oral method: The agent is mixed into the feed to treat nutritional disorders or bacterial diseases and internal diseases.

2. Medicinal bath method: mainly to expel surface parasites and treat bacterial external diseases.

3． Local treatment: treatment of trauma and body surface diseases, local trauma treatment.

4. Injection therapy: Various bacterial diseases can be treated by intramuscular or intraperitoneal injection.

5. Surgical treatment: Plastic surgery is required for trauma or deformation of fins.

Viral diseases

Acne disease

(1) Cause: Occurs in late autumn and winter when the water temperature is low (about 15 degrees)

< p> (2) Symptoms: In the early stage of the disease, small milky white spots appear on the body surface or tail fin, covered with a thin layer of white mucus, and then gradually expand to spread throughout the body. The skin surface of the lesion thickens to form large paraffin-like growths. These growths will fall off automatically when they grow to a certain size and thickness, and will destroy the water quality in the water. New growths will grow back at the shedding parts. Sick fish infected with pox gradually lose weight, swim slowly, have poor appetite, often sink to the bottom of the water, and die one after another.

(3) Treatment: #0.1~0.3MG/KG long-term medicated bath with chloramphenicol solution.

Inject chloramphenicol into the fish body at a dosage of 25MG per tail.

(4) Prevention: #Add new water into the pool, and extract debris from the bottom of the pool at any time to improve the water quality.

Strengthen the autumn breeding work and strengthen nutrition so that the koi will have a certain degree of fatness before winter and enhance its ability to withstand low temperatures and disease.

Sprinkle 1~2MG/KG of nitrofuracillin all over the pool to prevent the occurrence of acne.

Common diseases and treatments (3)

Fungal diseases

Skin molds

(Saprolegnia, white hair mold) : A layer of "white hair" grows on the fish body. If not treated in time, when the bacteria invade the body, the fish will gradually weaken and die. When parasitic on the gills, branchial mycosis is formed, often causing explosive death.

(1) Cause: Skin mold is caused by a kind of filamentous fungus (Saprolegnia, Saprolegnia, SAPROLEGNIA). It mostly occurs in ponds with a large number of fish or turbid stagnant water, such as Fish that are thin or have trauma are more susceptible to infection. The lesions will grow a large amount of cotton-like hyphae, so it is also called white hair disease.

The main reasons why koi carps suffer from skin mold are due to careless handling during catching and transportation, skin abrasions, damage to the gills and body surface due to parasites, or frostbite to the skin due to low water temperature, resulting in water Mold spores invade the wound and cause infection. When the water temperature is suitable (around 15 to 25 degrees), dense mycelium will grow into it in 3 to 5 days. If the number of infections is large, it will lead to the death of the diseased fish. Saprolegnia exists year-round, and is popular in late autumn and early spring. Fish from eggs to fish of all ages can be infected. When the temperature of the hatching water is low, saprolegnia easily occurs on fish eggs.

(2) Treatment:

Wash with 1.5%~2.5% salt water to remove hairy matter, then apply 2% red solution, and then use terra mold on fish Vegetarian medicinal bath.

Use 0.1% to 1% malachite green aqueous solution to smear wounds and areas where water mold is attached.

Soak the fish body with 1:15000 malachite green aqueous solution for 3 to 5 minutes. #Soak the fish body with 10MG/KG potassium permanganate aqueous solution for half an hour.

(3) Prevention:

When pulling nets, fishing, transporting and stocking fish species, operations must be careful to avoid injury to the fish.

Soak fish eggs with a 1:15000 concentration malachite green aqueous solution for 10 to 15 minutes, once a day for 3 consecutive days to prevent fish egg saprolegnia.

For injured broodstock, apply gentian violet or potassium permanganate on the wound to prevent water mold infection.

For each hectare of the pond, mix 75KG of calamus, 7.5~15KG of salt and 225~300KG of human urine, and then sprinkle it all over the pond, once a month.

Common diseases and treatment methods of koi (4)

Bacterial diseases

Skin inflammation and congestive disease

(1) Fish Massive deaths. The epidemic is most likely to occur when the water temperature is 20 to 30 degrees. When the water temperature is below 20 degrees, a small number of sick fish will still appear and continue to die. This temperature range is also the peak season for fish growth, so it is very harmful. When the temperature drops to about 10 degrees, this fish disease will no longer occur. This rule can be used to conduct temperature control treatment for sick fish.

(2) Symptoms: skin inflammation and congestion, which is more common around the orbits, gill covers, abdomen, caudal peduncle, etc. Sometimes there is also congestion at the base of the fin rays, and in severe cases, the fin rays are broken. The scales of diseased fish are usually intact and have not fallen off. Sick fish float on the water surface or sink to the bottom, swim slowly, have unresponsiveness, and have poor appetite.

(3) Treatment: Dip the fish body with rancillin or furazolidone at a concentration of 20MG/KG. When the water temperature is below 20 degrees, soak for 20 to 30 minutes; when the water temperature is 21 to 32 degrees, soak for 10 to 15 minutes for prevention and early treatment.

Spray the entire pool with nitrofuracil or furazolidone at a concentration of 0.2~0.3MG/KG. If the condition is serious, the concentration can be increased to 0.5~1.2MG/KG for prevention and early treatment.

Soak the fish body with erythromycin at a concentration of 2~2.5MG/KG, with the water temperature below 34 degrees, for 30~50 minutes, once a day for 3~5 days until the condition improves.

Inject streptomycin or kanamycin, 120,000 to 150,000 international units per kilogram of fish weight, usually only once. If the disease is serious, a second injection can be given on the fifth day.

# Take norfloxacin (norfloxacin) orally, 0.8~1.0G of powder per 10KG of fish weight per day, once a day for six consecutive days.

Use Rivanol 20MG/KG concentration for soaking. When the water temperature is 5 to 20 degrees, soak for 15 to 30 minutes; when the water temperature is 21 to 32 degrees, soak for 10 to 15 minutes. Effective early treatment.

Spreading Rivanol at a concentration of 0.8~1.5MG/KG has special effects.

Using the above treatment method and carrying out a salt water bath at the same time, the effect is remarkable.

(4) Prevention:

Reasonably maintain the dissolved oxygen in the water at about 5MG/L. #Strengthen feeding and management to keep water quality fresh.

Sprinkle nitrofuracil or furazolidone regularly to prevent the occurrence of diseases.

Erythroderma

(hemorrhagic rot disease)

(1) Cause: Erythroderma is caused by PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS, fish Injury to the body makes one susceptible to this disease. Spring and autumn are popular seasons that can cause massive fish kills. This disease is closely related to water quality. It is prone to occur when the dissolved oxygen content is low and the organic matter content is high.

(2) Symptoms: The skin of the diseased fish is partially or mostly inflamed and congested, the dorsal fin, tail fin and other fin bases are congested, the ends of the fin rays are rotten, and the mouth and muscles are normal. The scales of sick fish fall off (difference from skin inflammation and congestive disease), especially on the sides and abdomen of the fish.

(3) Prevention and treatment methods: The same as those for skin inflammation and congestion.

Enteritis

It is caused by Aeromonas punctata. The anus is red and swollen, the intestines are congested and inflamed. In severe cases, the fin base is congested, erythema appears on the abdomen, ascites flows out during laparotomy, and the entire intestine is red or purple.

Prevention and control methods:

Sprinkle 1MG/KG of bleaching powder all over the pond.

The water depth per hectare is 1M, and 225~375KG of quicklime is used to sprinkle the entire pond.

For every 10KG of fish, use 1G of sulfaamidine and make it into bait for feeding.

For every 10KG of fish, use 50G of garlic and make it into medicinal bait and feed it once a day for three consecutive days.

For every 10KG of fish, use 50G of dry goldenrod as bait and feed it once a day for three consecutive days.

Myxobacterial gill rot

(1) Cause: Caused by CYTOPHAGA COLUMNARIS, also known as MYXOCOCCUS PISCIOCOLA. Koi are less susceptible to disease and will only become ill when the water temperature is above 20 degrees, that is, from late spring to autumn. The fish died in large numbers without any appearance abnormalities.

(2) Symptoms: The gill filaments of the diseased fish are rotten with some sludge. Sometimes the tissue at the tip of the gill filament rots, causing the edge to be incomplete; sometimes the rot occurs in one or more places of the gill, but not at the edge. The inner epidermis of the opercular bone is congested and even corroded into a slightly rounded transparent area, commonly known as the "skylight". Due to the destruction of the gill filament tissue, sick fish have difficulty breathing and often have a floating head shape, which causes a large number of deaths.

(3) Treatment:

Soak the fish body with nitrofuracillin or furazolidone at a concentration of 20MG/KG. When the water temperature is below 20 degrees, soak for 20 to 30 minutes; when the water temperature is 21 to 32 degrees, soak for 10 to 15 minutes for prevention and early treatment.

Spray the entire pool with nitrofuracillin or furazolidone at a concentration of 0.2~0.3MG/KG. When the condition is serious, the concentration can be increased to 0.5~1.2MG/KG for prevention and early treatment.

Use Rivanol 20MG/KG concentration for soaking. When the water temperature is 5 to 20 degrees, soak for 15 to 30 minutes; when the water temperature is 21 to 32 degrees, soak for 10 to 15 minutes. Effective early treatment.

Spreading Rivanol over the entire pool at a concentration of 0.8~1.5MG/KG has special effects.

Spray the entire pond with bleaching powder at a concentration of 1MG/KG. This method is only used for large outdoor fish ponds. Use 2.5~3.75MG/KG of rhubarb. Put 10KG of light ammonia (0.3%) into every 0.5KG of dry rhubarb and soak it for 12 hours. Then sprinkle it with the medicinal residue all over the pond. This medicine is suitable for use in large outdoor ponds, especially in the breeding of koi that have developed resistance to furans for many years.

Soaking with 2% salt for 5 to 10 minutes is effective for prevention and early treatment.

(4) Prevention:

Disinfect the fish pond regularly to keep the water clean and reduce the chance of germs.

The use of fresh feed and live biological bait has a significant effect on preventing this disease.

White-headed and white-mouthed disease

(1) Cause: Caused by CYTOPHAGA SP., also known as MYXOCOCCUS SP. Koi fry are very sensitive to this disease and it is one of the main diseases in the fingerling stage, while large fish usually do not suffer from the disease. At the beginning, only two or three died, but the number increased to dozens on the next day, and a large number of deaths occurred on the third day. The onset was rapid and the severity of the attack was rare. The disease occurs when the water temperature is above 20 degrees, from late spring to autumn.

(2) Symptoms: The head and mouth ring of the sick fish are milky white, and the lips seem to be swollen, so that the mouth cannot be opened and the breathing is difficult and the head appears like a floating head. Some sick fish have congestion on the top of their skulls and around their eye circles, showing symptoms of "red heads and white mouths". Sick fish are usually unsocial.

(3) Prevention and treatment methods: The same as those for myxobacterial gill rot.

Erectile scales

(Pine scales, vertical scales)

(1) Cause: Erectile scales is caused by PSEUDOMONAS PUNCTATA , mainly harming larger individual koi, which is the popular season from late autumn to the following spring when the water temperature is low.

(2) Symptoms: The diseased fish has a rough body surface, erect scales, and a pine cone-like appearance. In severe cases, the eyes may protrude, the breathing becomes rapid, the back turns over, and even death. Squamous cyst edema, in which clear or bloody exudate accumulates inside. If a little pressure is applied to the scales, liquid will eject from the scaly sac. The sick fish sinks to the bottom of the water or loses its balance, with its belly pointing upward, and finally collapses and dies.

(3) Treatment: Same as skin inflammation and congestion, the effect will be better if combined with saline immersion.

(4) Prevention:

Prevent fish injuries.

The broodstock spawning pond should be dried in winter and disinfected with quicklime or bleaching powder.

Add 5% crude chlortetracycline or oxytetracycline to the feed.

Take vitamin E orally. Use 0.3~0.6G per 10KG fish weight per day for long-term use, and increase to 0.6~0.9G (10~15 consecutive days) as an auxiliary treatment drug when sick.

Printing disease

(1) Cause: Printing disease is caused by Aeromonas punctata subspecies (AEROMONAS PUNCATATA PUNCTATA). It is mainly caused by improper operation and injury to the fish body. And infection causes disease. Late spring to autumn is the popular season, which mainly harms large fish over one age.

(2) Symptoms: The lesions are often located above the anal fin on the side of the body, on both sides near the anus, and rarely in the front of the body. Initially, the skin becomes inflamed and erythema appears. As the disease progresses, the scales fall off and the muscles rot. The lesions appear round or oval, with bleeding and redness, as if they are stamped with a red seal. In severe cases, the muscles in the lesion area are often broken through, and bones and internal organs are visible. Sick fish become thin, lose appetite, swim slowly, and eventually die of exhaustion.

(3) Prevention and treatment method: It is the same as skin inflammation and congestion. In addition, applying potassium permanganate liquid to the affected area has a significant effect.

Rot rot (canker disease): is very similar to printing disease, and the treatment methods are similar. The difference is that the back of the diseased fish is red, swollen and rotten, the lesions are irregular, and the dorsal fin falls off in severe cases.

Leukoderma

It is caused by Trichobacterium albicans. The skin from the back of the dorsal fin to the base of the caudal peduncle fin turns white and has a white mist-like appearance. The scales are rough and dull to the touch. Mucus, sick fish that are about to die are often in an inverted shape with their heads down and their tail fins up.

Prevention and treatment methods:

Be careful when operating to prevent fish injuries.

Soak the fish body with chlortetracycline 12.5MG/KG or oxytetracycline 25MG/KG for 30 minutes.

Sprinkle 1MG/KG of bleaching powder or 2~4MG/KG of gallnuts all over the pool.

Perforation disease

(cave disease)

(1) Cause: Perforation disease is caused by MYXOCOCCUS PISCIOCOLA, which occurs from September to September every year June is the epidemic period. It is popular when the water temperature is low and is a very harmful infectious disease. The cause is mostly surface injuries, especially abrasions caused when catching fish with a net.

(2) Symptoms: White spots the size of rice grains are initially found, and then expand and become red around them. When the condition worsens, the scales fall off and the skin is exposed to form ulcers, which can appear on the head, gill cover, back, and abdomen. Lesions can appear from the fins to the caudal stalk. The ulcers are not only limited to the dermis, but also go deep into the muscles. In severe cases, they can reach the bones and internal organs, resembling a cave.

(3) Treatment:

Soak with a mixture of 20MG/KG furazolidone and 1.4% salt for 20 to 30 minutes, once a day.

Add 20MG/KG potassium permanganate to the above mixture and soak for 10 to 30 minutes. Suitable for juvenile fish in the early stages of disease.

(4) Prevention:

Feed fresh food to enhance nutrition and disease resistance.

Reasonable and intensive cultivation, the dissolved oxygen in the water should be maintained at around 5MG/L.

Dead fish must be buried deeply and added with quicklime for disinfection and sterilization. The water of the sick fish pond should be sprinkled with bleaching powder at a concentration of 10MG/KG throughout the pond, and can be discharged into the sewer after disinfection.

Tail rot disease

(1) Cause: Tail rot disease is caused by Myxococcus columnar bacteria and occurs all year round. The entire tail fin is rotten, but the diseased fish is still alive, which reduces the ornamental value of the koi.

(2) Symptoms: tail fin scales fall off and become inflamed, muscles are necrotic and rotten, the base of the tail fin is congested, the fin rays spread out into a broom shape, and in severe cases, the entire tail fin rots. The scales of the sick fish are normal, and some scales fall off.

(3) Prevention and treatment methods:

It is roughly the same as skin inflammation and congestion.

Use 1% malachite green aqueous solution to smear the cracked fin ray once a day for 3 to 5 days, combined with the prevention and treatment of skin inflammation and congestion.

If part of the tail fin is rotten and incomplete, it should be cut off with scissors to make the fins flat, and then treated with the above method. After a period of time, the fins can heal and the gap between the regenerated fins and the old fins A trace will be left. Although the ornamental value is reduced, it can be retained as broodstock for breeding offspring.

Common diseases and treatment methods of koi (5)

Native diseases

Filarial worms

(Filaria spp., Baiyun Disease): Filarial worms (ICHTHYOBODO) often inhabit the skin and gills of fish. When the number is small, it will not cause disease. However, when the environmental water quality is poor or the health of the fish is poor, it will often reproduce in large numbers and destroy the gills and skin tissues. , causing increased mucus secretion and forming white mist-like attachments, so it is called white cloud disease. This disease is mainly parasitic to freshwater fish, especially koi, which often occurs after moving to a pond, so it is also called new water disease. After being infected with this disease, koi become lethargic and sink to the bottom corner of the pond, so it is also called sleeping sickness.

(1) Cause: ICHTHYOBODO NECATRIX is the most common type of filariasis. The insect body is oval in shape, with 2 or 4 flagella, and can rotate and swim. There is a round nucleus in the insect body. The insect body that is fixed on the host is pear-shaped, the flagellum is not obvious, and it can swing up and down, left and right on the tissue. The optimum temperature for oral filariasis is 2 to 30 degrees, and the water temperature at which the worms begin to breed is 12 to 20 degrees. It is easiest to reproduce in large numbers at 24 to 25 degrees and pH 4.5 to 5.8. It reproduces by longitudinal binary fission, without the need for an intermediate host, and can directly infect the transferred host; when the environment is not suitable, it can form resistant cysts and attach to the fish body or the bottom of the pond. Late autumn to spring is the popular season for this disease.

(2) Symptoms:

In the early stages of infection, the fish will be itchy and rub against the bottom and walls of the pool.

There is a layer of milky white or gray-blue mucus on the skin of the sick fish, which makes the sick fish lose its original luster. The injured area of ??the fish body becomes congested and inflamed, and is often infected with bacteria or saprolegnia, forming ulcers and worsening the condition.

When a large number of worms invade the skin, a large number of worms also appear on the gills. Because the gill tissue is destroyed, the breathing of the fish is affected, so the sick fish often swim close to the water surface with a floating head.

Loss of appetite, listlessness, retracted tail and pinched fins, gathering in the corners of the bottom of the pool, slow reaction, fish gradually losing balance, lying on the bottom of the pool, and finally collapsed and died.

(3) Diagnosis:

The worms are small and can only be seen under a microscope. Take body surface mucosa or gill tissue for microscopic examination.

Is there any situation where people gather in groups and fall asleep?

When the black and red parts of the koi are affected by this disease, it is easier to detect; but when the white part is affected, it is not easy to identify. When it is discovered that it is white cloud disease, it is no longer possible. Saved.

(4) Treatment:

Soak with 2% salt water for 5 to 15 minutes or 3% to 5% for 1 to 2 minutes for several days.

Use potassium permanganate at a concentration of 20MG/KG. When the water temperature is 10 to 20 degrees, soak for 20 to 30 minutes; when the water temperature is 20 to 25 degrees, soak for 15 to 20 minutes; when the water temperature is above 25 degrees , soak for 10~15 minutes.

Use 300,000 to 500,000 units of penicillin per 100L of water for long-term immersion.

Soak in 50MG/KG methylene blue or 0.2MG/KG malachite green solution for half an hour, several times.

Formalin concentration 20~30MG/KG, used once every 2~3 days, several times in a row.

(5) Prevention:

Enhancing water flow can reduce the attachment and parasitism of filarial worms.

Reduce stocking density.

Maintain water quality clean and stable and reduce irritation to gills or body surface tissues.

CHILODONELLA CYPRINI

CHILODONELLA CYPRINI is attached to the gills and body skin of fish. When the water quality environment is poor, the fish density is too high or other factors, , destroying the ecological balance of the host parasite, often multiplying and causing disease.

(1) Cause: Cyprinus carpinosa (also known as heartworm) is the most common in koi breeding. The body of the insect is oval or kidney-shaped, about 50~70UM in size. The back is ridged without cilia, and the ventral surface is flat. There are several ciliated bands on the left and right sides. The cell mouth is located at the front end of the ventral side, with a funnel-shaped oral tube, and a large nucleus in the form of an egg. Round. They feed on organic matter in the water and cell debris peeled off from fish bodies. Reproduction is mainly asexual transverse fission, but sexual conjugation also occurs. In adverse environments, spherical or oval cysts may form.

This disease is a common disease of fish. It mostly occurs in small tanks and pools with dirty water. It is most harmful to young fish that are born in the same year. The water temperature for breeding is 12 to 18 degrees. Starting from the discovery of a few insects, after 3 to 5 days of massive reproduction, the fish will die in large numbers.

When the water temperature in outdoor fish ponds is above 25 degrees, the disease usually does not occur, but it can occur in indoor water tanks and pools. The epidemic season is from December to May of the following year.

(2) Symptoms: The sick fish is thin and has a darker body color. There is a thin milky white substance on the body surface, causing the sick fish to lose its original color. In severe cases, the fin rays of the sick fish cannot be fully extended.

Pathogens parasitize on the body surface and gills, destroying tissues and making it difficult for fish to breathe. Therefore, sick fish swim close to the water surface with a floating head shape, and cannot return to normal even if the water is changed.

(3) Diagnosis: The worms are very small and can only be seen under a microscope by scraping the mucus from the body surface or cutting the gill tissue.

(4) Prevention and control methods: The same as those for oral filariasis.

Vorticella

Vorticella, also known as bell worm, cup body worm and tongue cup worm, is a common sessile ciliate in the water. They grow on the walls and bottom of the pool, on plants or other items in the water, and feed on organic debris and microorganisms in the water. They are easy to reproduce and breed in large numbers in high water temperatures and eutrophic environments. They are attached to the surface skin of fish, Fins and gills, especially when fish are injured, are more susceptible to infection, causing problems in disease management.

(1) Cause: The body of the bell-shaped worm is thick at the front and thin at the back, cup-shaped or trumpet-shaped, about 100~400UM in size, with a mouth plate at the front end, a mouth groove at the bottom, and villi around the mouth plate. The membrane formed can swing to drive the water flow, filtering out bacteria, microorganisms, tissue debris and other organic matter in the water. An attachment is formed at the bottom and is fixed on the epithelial cells of the host. A large nucleus is in the shape of an inverted triangle or oval and is located in the center of the insect body. When the insect body shrinks, the oral disc shrinks first, and then the oral cilia retract, leaving only a small hole at the top, making the contracted insect body appear eggplant-shaped. There are two modes of reproduction: asexual longitudinal binary fission and sexual conjugation. Common ones include EPISTYLIS, ZOOTHAMNIUM, VORTICELLA, APIOSOMA, etc.

Normal fish rarely have bell-shaped epiphytes. When a large number of epiphytes occur, it is mostly because the body surface is injured or the protective mucosa on the body surface is damaged during transportation, and the mucus protection is lost. It will cause a large number of bell-shaped epiphytes.

(2) Symptoms:

In the early stages of infection, outward-proliferating white spots the size of rice grains appear on the body surface.

The affected area gradually expanded, and the wound was accompanied by secondary bacterial infection, causing flushing and bleeding.

The scales fall off, the affected area has bleeding ulcers, and there is epiphysis of saprolegnia, algae or other protozoa.

(3) Diagnosis:

Scrape the mucosal tissue of the affected area and examine it under a microscope. You can observe clusters of contracting bell-shaped worms with long, branch-like shapes at the lower end of the worm body. The stalk connects the worm bodies together. In addition to bell worms, mixed infections of oral filarial worms, schistosomiasis, and trichozoa and epiphytes of saprolegnia and filamentous algae can often be observed.

(4) Treatment: Epiphytic infections of bell worms are generally difficult to treat. In addition to drug control, the improvement of water quality environment and the control of secondary bacterial infections must be coordinated.

Improve the water quality environment: Properly change the water to reduce the content of organic matter in the water, increase the intensity of the water flow, etc., which can reduce the epiphysis of bell worms.

Formalin: 20~30MG/KG concentration, medicinal bath for 12~24 hours, can reduce the epiphysis of bellworms.

Control of secondary bacterial infection: When there are inflamed ulcers on the body surface, furazolidone 2~5MG/KG solution must be used together with long-term medicinal bath.

For chronic local wound ulcers, the affected area can be disinfected with iodine, etc., and then antibiotic ointment, such as erythromycin, can be applied to protect the wound.

(5) Prevention:

Change the water regularly and clean the filter pool to reduce the accumulation of organic matter and maintain clean water quality.

Be careful when moving the tank and transporting it to prevent fish injury or mucosal damage.

When the fish is injured or the mucous membrane is damaged, disinfect it with drugs as soon as possible to prevent infection by bellworms or other secondary pathogens.