2. Sufficient pollinated varieties should be provided: crystal pear is rich in pollen and has strong affinity with lucky water and July crisp. When pollinated varieties are insufficient, the fruit setting rate of crystal pear is low, the fruit is small and the quality is poor. Therefore, sufficient pollinated varieties should be provided in cultivation to improve fruit setting rate and fruit quality, and pollinated varieties should account for more than 20% of the total number of cultivated plants.
3. Reasonable close planting: Crystal pear enters the fruiting stage early, with slightly upright tree posture, weak budding ability and medium branching ability, which is suitable for close planting. In production, reasonable close planting should be adopted to promote the early yield, and the plant spacing of 2 m× 4 m or 2 m× 3 m can be adopted to increase the coverage as soon as possible, increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products and promote early maturity.
Fourth, attention should be paid to the opening angle and branching in the young tree period: the germination ability of crystal pear is weak, the branching ability is medium, and the tree posture is slightly upright. In the young tree stage, attention should be paid to the opening angle to relieve the branch potential, appropriately increase the proportion of short pruning, stimulate the increase of branches, increase the number of branches, increase the coverage and increase the material accumulation.
Five, to prevent the tree from weakening: crystal pears are easy to bear too much fruit, leading to the decline of the tree. In production, to prevent the tree from weakening, on the one hand, there are too many fruits, which lead to a large consumption of nutrients in the tree, on the other hand, there is a lack of nutrients, on the other hand, the fruit branches are not updated in time and the aging phenomenon is serious. Therefore, to prevent the decline of trees, we should start from the following three aspects:
1, strictly control the load: the yield per mu should be controlled at about 3000 kg, and the excess flowers and fruits should be removed in time.
2. Timely nutrition supplement: 3000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure is applied as base fertilizer per mu after fruit picking every year, and 1 quick-acting chemical fertilizer is applied to supplement nutrition before germination, June and fruit expansion. Fertilization amount should be determined according to the yield and soil fertility, and 0.5 kg of nitrogen, 0.2 kg of phosphorus and 0.0 kg of potassium should be supplemented for each yield 100 kg of fruit.
3. Strengthen regeneration pruning: three sets of pruning methods should be adopted in production to control the age of fruiting branches within 2-3 years, and the aged fruiting branches over 3 years should be updated in time, and the number of updated branches accounts for about 1/3 of the total number of branches every year, so as to keep the dynamic balance among fruiting branches, flowering branches and auxiliary branches and prevent the tree from weakening.
Sixth, strengthen pest control to ensure high yield and high quality: Crystal pears are resistant to diseases, especially scab, anthracnose and ring rot, which are seriously harmful in pear production, but are prone to fruit rust. Pests are mainly caused by aphids, scarabs, scale insects, fruit eaters and pear stem bees. Prevention should be strengthened in production. Pests and diseases of pear trees are mainly controlled. Before germination, lime-sulfur mixture of 1 time can be sprayed to kill the eggs of overwintering pathogens, reduce the overwintering base of pests and diseases, and lay a good foundation for annual control. Bagging should be carried out within 1 month after flowering to protect the fruit surface, prevent the occurrence of fruit rust and its harm to fruit eaters, and take timely control measures such as spraying No.3 urea and killing enemies to reduce the harm.