For many people, people rarely prune persimmon trees and let them grow naturally, blossom and bear fruit. But persimmon trees are different from other fruit trees, and the fruits hang for a long time, from spring to late autumn. Persimmon trees, left to grow freely, will reduce flower bud differentiation due to insufficient nutrition, resulting in poor annual or annual fruit. How to improve this phenomenon by pruning?
Now that it is summer, persimmon trees with bad fruit can be pruned to solve this problem.
First of all, the benefits of summer pruning
Pruning persimmon trees in summer can prevent the occurrence of too many new shoots, improve the ventilation and light transmission performance in the crown, make them produce rich branches and leaves, and control the occurrence of pests and diseases. By pruning in summer, pesticides can be sprayed on every branch. Most importantly, pruning in summer can improve light conditions, promote flower bud differentiation, and improve the poor fruit-bearing phenomenon of persimmon trees.
Second, the idea of summer pruning
Pruning bad persimmons in summer mainly adopts methods such as wiping buds, cutting summer and autumn shoots, and removing stones.
The latent buds of persimmon trees have a long life, which is also the characteristic that persimmon trees are different from other fruit tree buds. The latent buds of persimmon trees are easy to be stimulated to germinate. Therefore, the latent buds near the big branch shears will send out a large number of long branches in summer, and the results are only on the surface of the sunny crown. Persimmon is a tree species with strong photophobia. When the light is insufficient, the lower branches are easy to die, the branches are bare, and the results are not good. So, only 2? 3 buds, all other branches are thinner.
The latent buds of persimmon trees germinate from spring to early autumn, so they should be erased at any time to reduce the consumption of nutrients. In order to control its growth, accumulate nutrients and promote its transformation into fruiting branches, the branches that need to be preserved can be twisted at the base from late April to mid-May when the branches are about 30 cm long, or the core can be removed at 30 cm.
Trees with few fruits will produce a lot of summer shoots and autumn shoots after pruning in summer. If allowed to grow, it will form fruiting branches, which will droop and easily scratch the fruit. Therefore, if these fruiting branches are about 30 cm long, they can stay, and summer and autumn branches over 30 cm can be cut off.
The above is the idea of pruning persimmon trees with poor fruit in summer. According to this principle, we can prune persimmon trees with bad fruit in summer.
Third, the main methods of summer pruning
Persimmon trees with poor fruit mainly include large and small fruit-bearing years and non-fruit-bearing years. Let's introduce them respectively.
1, year and year result pruning
When persimmon trees are young, pruning in summer is generally not short, so as not to stimulate the germination of latent buds and form a large number of long branches, but it should be based on thinning. Especially serious off-year, no matter how you prune it in summer, you won't get much. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out tree transformation in this small year, and expand the distance between the main branch and the lateral main branch by pruning large branches. Trees with complete tree shape and reasonable structure should not be transformed, mainly by cutting off dead branches, tender branches and branches with degenerated buds, and not cutting off branches with flower buds.
Persimmon trees have many fruitful mother branches in the new year. Even if you prune them in summer, they will bear many fruits, so you can prune them in summer in the new year. Because there are many flower buds, even if you want to transform the tree, it will have enough flower buds. If we choose the preserved annual branches, cut them short at the annual 1/3 and cultivate them into preparatory branches, we can eliminate the phenomenon of large and small years. We should adopt the idea of "curve redemption" instead of thinking that re-cutting can solve the problem of big and small years. However, the pruning method of "saving trees by curve" alone can not achieve the ideal effect, and it must be adjusted by artificially limiting the amount of fruit, such as thinning flowers and fruits.
2, years of bad pruning
There are two kinds of persimmon trees with poor fruit all the year round: persimmon trees without flower buds and persimmon trees with flower buds and serious fruit drop.
The lack of flower buds in persimmon trees is mainly caused by insufficient light and insufficient mother branches. For this persimmon tree, the mother branches should be pulled apart or thinned, and the distance between the main branches should be expanded to improve the light inside the crown, and the branches that are too dense should be thinned.
In the persimmon orchard densely planted in the field, due to improper pruning, such as excessive pruning, the trees grow vigorously, producing a large number of excessive branches, resulting in fewer flower buds. It is necessary to adopt the method of thinning trees and expanding crowns, and then carry out light pruning in summer to accelerate reproductive growth, thus improving the fruit setting rate. However, there is little or no flower bud differentiation caused by excessive tree vigor, so it is difficult to adjust the tree vigor by pruning, and it can only be adjusted by reducing fertilizer application or girdling.
For persimmon trees with poor fruit drop, pruning in summer has no effect on trees with serious physiological fruit drop, such as Fu You, Fuping and Erlang, which need to be cultivated and managed. Such as artificial pollination, allocation of pollination trees, excavation of drainage ditch to prevent fruit falling in rainy season, or girdling twice in flowering period and mid-July to solve the problem.
In a word, persimmon trees need more sunshine because of its strong top advantage, which is easy to produce dead branches. Persimmon trees growing in the natural state are easy to form trees with upright trunks, and the results are not good. Therefore, when pruning in summer, the characteristics of trees can be effectively utilized, and the number of fruiting mother branches can be properly reserved according to the variety, age, tree potential and management level, and the redundant fruiting mother branches can be shortened as spare branches to improve the nutritional level of persimmon trees, which is conducive to overcoming the poor fruiting in different years and other years and promoting high and stable yield.