1. Wear

Abrasion is the most common kind of skin surface abrasion, usually with minor injuries. If there is dirt on the wound, clean it with water and soap, and then cover it with sterile gauze and medical tape. If the wound is big or bleeding, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible. Band-AIDS generally belong to first aid and have no disinfection effect; Iodine, because it contains pigment and is not cleaned, is generally not used on the head and face; 30% hydrogen peroxide, alcohol and so on. It can be used, but it is irritating to some extent.

stab

Stabbing is the injury to human body caused by sharp instruments, such as needles, scissors and wooden thorns. Injury is characterized by small skin trauma, but it often causes deep tissue damage, and poor drainage is easy to cause suppurative infection or tetanus. Don't hold down the bleeding caused by stab wounds immediately. Bleeding can bring out dirty foreign bodies and reduce the chance of infection. Stabbing generally requires injection of anti-tetanus drugs in the hospital.

cut

Cuts are soft tissue injuries caused by sharp objects acting on human body. Common sharp instruments are blades, glass pieces, bamboo pieces, etc., with neat edges and relatively light damage to surrounding tissues. Because the wound is relatively clean, it can be cleaned normally. If there is a lot of bleeding, you need to use the method of direct compression to stop bleeding, that is, directly press the wound (where there is no foreign body) with your fingers or palms to control bleeding for about 5~ 15 minutes, and then properly bandage it after stopping bleeding. Wounds caused by glass cuts should be carefully observed. If a foreign body is suspected, it can be washed repeatedly with clear water. If you find a foreign body embedded in the wound, you should go to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible. Blind self-removal of foreign bodies may lead to massive bleeding in the wound.

Bite and sting

Cats and dogs usually scratch and bite, while bees sting. Cats and dogs can cut and tear tissues, often accompanied by different degrees of tissue contusion and laceration. Because there are a lot of bacteria in the animal's mouth, which can enter the wound, it must not be ignored. It is the key to determine the success or failure of treatment to wash the wound on the spot, immediately and thoroughly. For deep wounds, it is advisable to debride, thoroughly remove foreign bodies and necrotic tissues, and rinse with a large amount of physiological saline, bromogeramine solution and hydrogen peroxide. In principle, the wound should not be sutured, and antibiotics, anti-rabies vaccine and tetanus antitoxin should be used at the same time. Bee sting is caused by injecting venom into the skin when bee tail stings the skin. Bee stings and wasp stings are common. Local treatment can be provoked with a small needle or pasted with adhesive tape. Take out the bee sting and don't squeeze it, lest the venom enter the skin and cause serious reaction. Bee venom is acidic and can be neutralized by wet compress with weakly alkaline solution (such as 5% sodium bicarbonate solution); Bee venom is alkaline and can be neutralized by acetic acid, and calamine lotion can be used externally to treat local redness and swelling.

5. Burns and scalds

Tissue damage caused by flame and hydrothermal solution (water, soup, oil, etc.). Steam usually needs to remove the restraints such as watches and rings to avoid being difficult to remove when the wound is swollen; Don't cover the wound with ice to avoid further damage to the skin cells and tissues; Do not use red syrup, purple syrup, vinegar, soy sauce, soap, toothpaste, ginger juice or protein at will, so as not to aggravate the injury. Don't puncture the blister on the injured part without authorization to avoid infection; Severe burns or scalds must be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.

In addition, some special wounds need special attention. For example, diabetic patients, even some trivial wounds, may cause chronic skin inflammation, because patients with poor blood sugar control have poor resistance and are prone to bacterial infection, and vascular diseases make peripheral circulation poor and skin wounds difficult to heal; When the wound is red, swollen, painful and gradually aggravated, and produces secretions, it means that the wound has been deeply infected, so you must seek medical attention in time.