cultivation techniques
1. The land where chrysanthemums are planted does not require much soil, but it is best to grow in well-drained, fertile, loose and humus-rich soil. Sticky land and low-lying land are not suitable for planting, and saline-alkali land is not suitable for planting. Continuous cropping is prohibited.
2. Cultivation methods include ramet cultivation and cutting cultivation.
After picking chrysanthemums in June 5438+065438+ 10, cut off the stems of chrysanthemums flush with the ground, select healthy and disease-free plants, dig out all their roots, replant them on fertile plots, and apply a layer of soil miscellaneous fertilizer to keep warm for the winter. In March and April of the following year, open the manure and water it. In April and May, when the chrysanthemum seedlings grow to the height of 15cm, the whole plant is dug out, divided into several plants and planted in the ground immediately. When planting, the spacing between plants is 40 cm. Dig holes, each pit species 1-2 plants. After planting, cover it tightly and water it. Generally, an acre of old seedlings can plant 65438 plants.
Cutting seedlings in April or June-August, select new techniques that are robust and disease-free. Take the middle section, cut it into small sections of 10- 15 cm, treat the cuttings with plant hormones, then insert the cuttings into the seedbed, with the row spacing of 20-25 cm and the plant spacing of 6-7 cm, compact and water, and take root in about 20 days. After that, apply human and animal manure every other month, and the seedlings can be transplanted from the nursery when they grow to 20 cm high. 3. Transplanting and dividing plants in April and May, and cuttage and seedling raising in May and June. Choose cloudy day, rainy day or sunny evening, and dig a hole on the whole frame with a depth of 6 cm according to the spacing of 40 cm beads. Then dig the seedlings with you, cutting the seedlings 1 seedling, and dividing the seedlings 1 2 seedling. After planting, cover the soil and compact it, and water it.
4. Tian Tuan management
After the transplanted chrysanthemum seedlings survive, weeding should be carried out for 4-5 times before budding. Weeding should be shallow but not deep each time, and soil should be cultivated at the same time to prevent chrysanthemum seedlings from lodging.
Topdressing: Chrysanthemum likes fertilizer. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing should be carried out five times during the growth period. For the first time, after transplanting and turning green, apply 10- 15 kg urea to promote seedlings. The second time in the school of botany, cake fertilizer and human excrement and urine can be applied per mu. The third fertilization is in bud stage.
Bud Picking: After the chrysanthemum branches, when the seedling height is 25 cm, the first coring will be carried out, and the apex will be 1.2 cm in sunny days, and then the coring will be carried out every half month, and it will stop after high temperature in summer. Otherwise, if there are too many branches, the flower head will become smaller due to malnutrition, which will affect the yield and quality of chrysanthemum.
Pest control: Common diseases of chrysanthemum include root rot, downy mildew, brown spot and so on. In rainy season, chrysanthemum leaves wither easily. When pulling up, the root system is moldy and there are rhizosphere nematodes, which seriously affects the growth of chrysanthemum. The control method is to treat chrysanthemum seedlings and planting holes with carbofuran before transplanting to avoid rot; In addition, the diseased plants should be removed in time; In the rainy season, the accumulated water in the field should be eliminated in time. Other pests and diseases can be treated by conventional methods.
Harvesting and processing: generally, it is harvested when the frost falls to early winter. When the flower heart is scattered by 2/3, it is the suitable period for harvesting. Choose sunny days to collect chrysanthemums, and treat them in time after harvesting to prevent them from rotting and discoloring. All producing areas have traditional processing methods. The processing method of chrysanthemum is: when the flowers are in full bloom and the petals are generally white, even the stems are cut off, tied into small bundles, and hung upside down in a ventilated and dry place to dry, not exposed to the sun, otherwise the fragrance will be poor. When it is 80% dry, you can pick the flowers, smoke them with sulfur in the fumigation room, and then spread them out in the sun to dry 1 day. Then box it. The processing method of tribute chrysanthemum is: refining and drying in a direct drying room, using smokeless carbon as fuel, controlling the room temperature at 40-50℃, spreading chrysanthemum on a bamboo curtain, taking it out when the color is ivory white, and putting it in a ventilated and dry place until it is completely dry. The yield per mu of chrysanthemum is generally around 100 kg, and it is best to have large flowers, white or bright yellow flowers, thick or dense petals and fragrant air.