When winter comes, potted flowers enter the room, and the maintenance management of potted flowers when they are arranged indoors should pay attention to the following points:
temperature
All kinds of potted flowers have different requirements for temperature. A room can't meet the needs of all kinds of potted flowers, so the indoor temperature can't be too high or too low. If it is too high, the flowers will wither easily, if it is too low, it will affect the normal growth. Warm potted plants can be placed near internal heat sources or sunny places, and cold-resistant potted plants can be placed in the shade or near entrances and exits.
humidity
Indoor, potted plants that like drought should be placed in a place with strong light and good ventilation. If placed in the shade, it will cause false growth; Potted flowers that like humidity should be placed in places that are not suitable for exposure and humidity. If the air is too dry, the tip will turn yellow. Water frequently to keep the soil moist, and some potted flowers often spray water on the leaves to create a moist environment to meet the requirements of potted flowers for water.
ventilate
Indoor potted plants that like to dry should be placed in a well-ventilated place. When it is sunny at noon in winter, it is necessary to open the window properly to let the air circulate. It seldom opens or doesn't open on snowy days. At the same time of indoor sanitation, we should always spray water on the leaves to remove the dust on them, so as to facilitate the breathing of plants. Residual flowers and dead branches should also be cut off in time.
Change potted plants
Indoor potted plants are affected by insufficient sunshine, insufficient humidity, small air flow and excessive dust. Especially some precious and famous flowers, such as yellow leaves, dead branches or rotten roots, are hard to raise. Therefore, indoor locations should be changed frequently, preferably every 5-7 days 1 time. When changing the location of potted plants in winter, we should pay attention to cold protection. Generally, at noon on a sunny day, the replaced potted plants cannot be frozen.
Second, the wintering potted flowers are properly placed.
After winter, potted flowers should be moved indoors one after another, and should be placed in an appropriate position after entering the room. Flowers that bloom in winter and spring, such as crab claw orchid, cyclamen, poinsettia, camellia, etc. Carnation and snapdragon planted in autumn, and warm flowers (Milan, Jasmine, Prynne and Hibiscus) that like light should be placed on the window sill or in the sunny place; Flowers that like semi-shade in summer and light in winter, such as Clivia and upside-down golden bell, should also be placed in sunny places; Flowers that like warm and semi-light, such as asparagus, begonia and rhododendron, can be placed away from the windowsill; Evergreen flowers and trees that like light but are resistant to low temperature or dormant flowers, such as osmanthus, citrus, etc., can be placed in the shade to scatter light; Other flowers, such as potted lotus, water lily and other flowers that are resistant to low temperature and defoliation or have low light requirements, can be placed in a cool place away from light; Pomegranate, rose, fig, etc. It should be frozen outdoors for a period of time, and then moved into a cool place indoors for storage.
Third, the warm-keeping methods of potted flowers in winter
Mass production can spend the winter in the greenhouse, while for a small number of potted flowers, simple greenhouse insulation can be done. Simple greenhouses can be built on balconies and terraces with bamboo or iron bars, covered with plastic film and covered with straw at night. Indoor, you can insert thin bamboo chips or lead wires around the flowerpot to form an arch (about 10 cm higher than the plant), cover it with a transparent plastic film, tie it tightly along the mouth of the flowerpot with a rope, and put the potted flowers in a sunny place. If the weather is sunny and the temperature is high, the film can be uncovered for ventilation at noon to avoid rot. You can also leave a few small holes in the film to facilitate ventilation. Generally, there are water droplets in the inner layer of the film in the form of clouds, indicating that the temperature and humidity are suitable. Uncover the film after pouring water, and cover it after the water evaporates for a period of time. The newly cut branches can't be covered, because the wound is easy to mildew and rot before it heals, causing death.
Fourth, potted flowers skillfully manage water and fertilizer in winter
Because of the low temperature in winter, the water and fertilizer management of potted flowers is different from other seasons. Because of the time, clever management is particularly important. Now, based on experience, talk about this skill.
In winter, it is advisable to water potted plants from 10 am to 3 pm, and the water temperature should be roughly close to the soil temperature and air temperature. Too high or too low will stimulate potted flowers, affect the normal overwintering of flowers, and even lead to deciduous leaves, rotten roots and even death in serious cases. The number of watering potted plants in winter and the amount of watering each time are less than those in other seasons. Generally, indoor potted plants are watered once a week, and balcony potted plants are watered twice a week. Water thoroughly every time, and avoid watering with "half-baked water", because the absorption function of root system is weak in winter, and it is easy to cause root rot if it is too wet, and it will die of dehydration if it is too dry. In winter, in addition to maintaining the needs of basin soil by watering, the branches and leaves of plants should be properly sprayed with water. For example, for foliage bamboo, pineapple, asparagus, spring feather, rubber tree, Hulk, green radish, ruby and so on. Spraying water can not only wash away the dust on the leaves, but also make them look brighter and fresher. For camellia, Clivia, plum, Chimonanthus praecox, primrose, cyclamen, etc. Keeping plants moist can not only make branches and leaves full of vitality, but also accelerate the expansion and opening of flower buds; For flowering flowers or inflorescences, water spraying should be changed to avoid premature fading of flowers. Used for bamboo, pyracantha, bergamot, kumquat, etc. Fresh leaves can be brightened by spraying water.
Fertilization How to fertilize potted flowers in winter depends on the types of potted flowers. Potted flowers in dormant state, such as pomegranate, begonia, hibiscus, cactus, begonia bulbifera, Prynne, Milan, Eupatorium odoratum, Jasmine, Rose, Peony, Podocarpus, etc., do not need fertilization. Appropriate amount of compound fertilizer can be applied to foliage potted flowers, such as Phyllostachys praecox, spring feather, peach leaf coral, Liriodendron chinense, rubber tree, Eupatorium odoratum, asparagus, hydrangea pine and so on. And a small amount of granular fertilizer can be buried in the soil. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be applied to ornamental potted flowers, such as cyclamen, camellia, Chimonanthus praecox, plum blossom, chrysanthemum morifolium, primrose and Clivia. 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be applied, and fertilization can be stopped after the flower buds open. Ornamental fruits should be applied with calcium superphosphate granular fertilizer, such as bamboo, kumquat, bergamot, generation after generation, winter coral and so on. The condition of fertilization is that the room temperature must be higher than 10℃, otherwise the fertilizer is not easy to absorb.
After autumn, the temperature begins to drop, so attention should be paid to fertilization, pruning, insect prevention and warmth of potted flowers. First, rational fertilization, autumn fertilizer is extremely important for the growth, flowering and fruiting of flowers and trees in autumn and winter, as well as enhancing the cold resistance of branches, so most flowers and trees need to be fertilized in autumn. Second, shaping and pruning. There are many buds in potted plants in autumn, so we can't let them all develop. All but one part should be kept, so as not to waste nutrition. Reasonable pruning is beneficial to plant accumulation of nutrients, laying a foundation for next year's growth, promoting lath aging and enhancing cold resistance. Third, control pests and diseases. Autumn is the last spawning period of pests, so herbivores and beetles parasitic on flowers and trees should be completely eliminated. Fourth, warm and cold. After the cold dew, there will be a cold current At this time, if the light is insufficient, the temperature is improper, and the fertilizer and water are unbalanced, it is easy to weaken the plants. In order to prevent potted flowers that like warmth and fear cold from frost damage, after the Mid-Autumn Festival, they should be kept under the eaves facing the sun and lee. When the temperature drops to 5℃, move into a sunny place indoors.
High temperature, strong sunshine and poor indoor ventilation in summer are very unfavorable to the growth of potted flowers. Therefore, in the daily management should pay attention to the following points:
Do a good job of conditioning water. When the temperature is high, the water evaporates quickly, especially for potted flowers with lush foliage and blooming flowers, the water consumption is faster. Therefore, we should give enough water, usually once in the morning and once in the afternoon. The amount of water depends on the size of plants, weather conditions and the dryness and wetness of the soil in the basin. Generally, herbaceous flowers have high water content, high transpiration intensity and much watering. Woody flowers, such as camellia and nitrous oxide, should be watered less. However, flowers that are dormant or semi-dormant, such as daffodils and tulips, should be watered strictly. In addition, it is most suitable to water in the morning and evening in summer, avoiding cold water at noon to prevent physiological drought.
Pay attention to shading and ventilation. In summer, potted flowers should be moved to a cool and ventilated place on the windowsill or balcony, with a shading degree of 50%. Otherwise, being exposed to direct sunlight for a long time will lead to withering and even death of branches and leaves. At the same time, we should often spray water on the leaves to reduce the temperature of plants and help flowers spend the summer safely.
Strictly control fertilization. Fertilization in summer varies from flower to flower. For potted flowers that grow well, especially herbaceous flowers, we can insist on applying decomposed liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer once every half month to ensure that plants grow new branches and promote growth or flowering. Fertilization should be stopped for flowers that have entered dormancy or semi-dormancy. Fertilization time is usually at night, so be careful not to splash fertilizer on the branches and leaves of flowers to avoid burning the leaves.
Proper pruning and bud thinning, proper pruning of old branches, residual branches and long branches, and reasonable bud thinning are beneficial to ventilation and light transmission and reduce pests and diseases. At the same time, it is also conducive to the concentration of plant nutrients, promoting the formation of new branches, new buds and new leaves, and improving the quality of future flowering.
Don't forget to loosen the soil often. Summer is a period of vigorous microbial reproduction. Often loosen the soil for potted flowers, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, and provide fertilizers for flowers with various trace elements, which is conducive to the reproduction and growth of microorganisms. As for the time to loosen the soil, it is better to choose before watering or fertilizing, because it can help the roots absorb water and fertilizer.
Pest control Summer is the high incidence season of potted flower diseases and insect pests in China. Common pests and diseases mainly include scale insects, red spiders, aphids, heart eaters, peppers and so on. Once these pests occur, they can be eliminated manually besides spraying them in time.
In order to supplement fertility and improve the nutritional conditions of plants, most potted plants for family greening should be replaced in spring, that is, around Tomb-Sweeping Day. When changing pots, first take the plants with soil balls out of the pots, and then plant them in a new pot slightly larger than the original pot according to the development of root system, or remove some perennial soil and old roots and plant them in the original pot. When planting seedlings, we should appropriately change into fertile new soil, apply plantar fertilizer, water them, put them in the shade first, and then go out of the house after resuming growth. Flowers such as hibiscus, upside-down golden bell, jasmine, rose and oleander should be pruned vigorously in early spring, while evergreen plants such as Pinus sylvestris, cypress, cedar and rubber tree should not be pruned too much to maintain their natural and beautiful plant shapes. Camellia, Milan and liana flowers generally don't need to be pruned frequently, just cut off dense branches, dead branches and pests and diseases. The temperature in the north is unstable in spring, so don't rush to move the potted plants out of the house. Cold-tolerant woody or perennial flowers such as pine and cypress, rose, spring jasmine, plum blossom, peach and oleander can leave the house around Tomb-Sweeping Day, and most flowers should leave the house in the first half of May. In order to make potted flowers adapt to the outdoor environment before leaving the house, doors and windows can be opened at noon every day after the vernal equinox to strengthen indoor ventilation. In addition, the watering amount of potted flowers in spring is more than that in winter, but not too much. When watering, it should be thoroughly watered at one time, and it is forbidden to "scrape some water". The soil in the basin is wet and dry alternately. Fertilize the flowers once a week after they leave the house.