China Academy of Sciences, the highest research institution of science and technology in China, was established in Beijing in June 1949 1 1. There are 12 branches, 100 scientific research institutes, 2 directly affiliated universities (University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Science and Technology), 1 * * universities (Shanghai University of Science and Technology under the Shanghai Municipal People's Government), 130 national key laboratories and engineering centers.

China Academy of Medical Sciences, founded in 1956, is the only national medical science academic center and comprehensive medical science research institution in China. Integrating with Peking Union Medical College (formerly China Union Medical College), it is a national academic center of medical science and a comprehensive scientific research institution, with 18 research institutes, 5 branches, 7 clinical hospitals and 5 colleges.