First, sowing and breeding

Spring sowing or autumn sowing can be done, and the usual method is spring sowing. The harvesting of rose fruits is generally carried out from September to June in 65438+1October, and the harvested rose fruits should be stored in cold storage to prepare for the next spring sowing. The peeling of rose seeds is usually carried out before sowing. After the seeds are peeled off manually or by machine, they are washed with clear water, washed indoors or in the shade, dried and sowed. If you can't sow immediately, you can put it in the freezer for a short time, but don't be too dry to completely dehydrate the seeds, otherwise it will affect the germination of the seeds after sowing.

Sowing is usually carried out in March-April. After sowing, cover with plastic film or build a plastic shed on the seedbed. After 8- 10 days, the seedlings can be unearthed. If covered with plastic film, most of the seedlings should be peeled off in time after they are unearthed to prevent the seedlings from being burned. At the same time, the first watering after sowing, drip irrigation, to prevent mud buried seedlings. After that, water every 10 day 1 time. When the seedlings grow the first pair of true leaves, they can be watered every 15 days/time. At the same time, we should pay attention to loosening the soil and weeding. When the seedlings grow to 4-7cm high, we can ask and fix the seedlings at one time.

Second, cutting propagation.

Cutting propagation of Chinese rose can maintain the inherent characteristics of its varieties, can propagate quickly in a short time, has a short period from cutting to flowering and is simple to operate, so it is often used for propagation of Chinese rose. Cuttings are usually carried out in late spring and early summer. Cuttings should be semi-lignified branches, grow healthily and have no pests and diseases. Cut each section 10- 15cm, 2-3 sections, leave 2-4 leaflets at the top of the cuttings, and cut 1/3 large leaves.

The upper end is 0.5- 1cm away from the bud, and the lower end is inclined to facilitate cutting into the soil. The cutting substrate can be mixed with fine furnace ash slag and clean river sand. Gravel should be laid at the bottom of the cushion to increase air permeability and drainage. Before cutting, you can spray 0.5% potassium permanganate solution to disinfect the mattress thoroughly, and then rinse it with clean water. ?

The cutting depth is about 5-7cm, and the plant spacing is 5cm×8cm. When cutting, use a thin wooden stick to introduce holes to prevent cuttings from being injured and affecting rooting. After cutting, water should be sprayed on the cutting leaves in time to keep the substrate soil moist and prevent the new cutting leaves from wilting. Generally, water is sprayed 2-3 times a day. When the temperature is high in summer or the sunshine is long and strong, the number of water sprays should be increased accordingly. The ground temperature is generally controlled at 20-25℃, and the air humidity around the factory building is 85%-90%. Cuttings need to be covered with sunshade net during the day, and most cuttings begin to take root in about 25 days. If the cuttings are treated with rooting powder, the rooting probability can be obviously improved.

Precautions:

First, the prevention and control methods

Clear the garden in time in late autumn and early winter, collect diseased leaves and burn them centrally. Strengthen maintenance, trim properly, and remove too dense branches to make ventilation and light transmission good. When necessary, spray 500 times of 20% clothianidin suspension or 600 times of 78% Cobo wettable powder, 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 50% Shi Baogong or 1000 times of prochloraz wettable powder and 500 times of 25% Keteling wettable powder.

1. Powdery mildew

Leaves, petioles, shoots and buds can all get sick. Irregular white powdery mildew spots appear on the adult leaves, and the diseased leaves gradually turn brown from the tip or edge of the leaves, resulting in the whole leaves drying up and falling off. Young leaves are infected, fade and spread, gradually expand, and the edge is not obvious. White powder spots are produced on both sides of the tender leaves, and the leaves turn light gray or purple. New leaf atrophy deformity. After the petiole and new shoots were infected, the internodes became shorter, the stems became thinner, some diseased branches dried up, and the diseased parts were covered with white powder. When the bud is infected, the bud and pedicel are covered with white powder, and the calyx, petals and pedicel are deformed. In severe cases, it will wither and die, losing its ornamental value. Powdery mildew overwinters on diseased buds. Too close planting, too much nitrogen application, poor ventilation and insufficient sunshine are all easy to get sick.

Prevention and cure method

Select varieties resistant to powdery mildew. When pruning in winter, pay attention to cutting off diseased branches and buds. Apply less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during the onset period to improve the disease resistance. Pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, and drain water in time after rain to prevent moisture retention, which can reduce the incidence. Spraying 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate or 20% triadimefon sulfur suspension concentrate with 0/000 times of/kloc-and 50% carbendazim wettable powder with 800 times of/kloc-at the initial stage of onset. In case of resistance to the above fungicides, it can be sprayed with 12.5% myclobutanil EC or 3000 times of 30% Teflon wettable powder instead. Before germination in early spring, spray Bomei 2~3 degree stone sulfur mixture or 45% crystal stone sulfur mixture 40~50 times to kill overwintering bacteria.

2. Black spot disease

It mainly attacks leaves, petioles and tender tips. When the leaves are first developed, purple-brown to brown spots appear on the front, and most of them are round or amorphous black-brown spots after expansion.

Prevention and cure method

Can spray carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, dyclonine and other drugs.

3. Powdery mildew

When young leaves are invaded, white powder appears on both sides, and the early symptoms are not obvious. After 3-5 days of white powder layer, the leaves are waterlogged and gradually turn green and yellow, and in severe cases, the leaves fall off.

Prevention and cure method

Carbendazim and triadimefon can be sprayed during the onset, but Guoguang Naying has the best effect. ?

Step 4 rust

Rust is a common disease of roses. Both leaves and new branches may get sick. If the disease is serious, the leaves will fall off in a large area, making the flowers lose their ornamental value and even die.

Prevention and cure method

The disease can be basically cured by spraying triadimefon leaves with 800 times solution once a week/kloc-0 times for 3-4 days.

Extended data:

1. Family: Rosa of Rosaceae

2. The ecological habit of roses: they like sunshine, but also tolerate semi-shade. Hardy. Not resistant to water and humidity, avoiding water accumulation. Loose, fertile and well-drained soil is needed. The flowering period is May-June.

3. Main producing areas of Rosa: There are about 200 species of Rosa plants in the world, which are produced in temperate, subtropical and tropical mountainous areas in the northern hemisphere.

4. Morphological characteristics of roses: deciduous shrubs. Plants spread or climb, prickled by skin. Leaves alternate, odd pinnate compound leaves, leaflets serrated. Umbellies or panicles, 5 petals, double petals.

5. Garden use of roses: Roses bloom in early summer with bright colors. Gardens can be planted with flower stands, flower lattices, green corridors and green pavilions. You can also beautify the walls.

6. Rose management and maintenance: Cutting is the main propagation method, and sowing and branching can also be used. Plant spacing should not be less than 2m. Prune before winter, and cut off over-dense branches and dead branches.

characteristic

The colors of roses, roses and rose plants contain almost all colors in the solar spectrum, except pure blue (improved roses in Japan have been done). Some species have strong fragrance, such as Turkish rose, musk and spices. A few roses have decorative thorns. Leaves also have decorative effects. The soft gray-purple leaves of purple-leaf roses and the blue-green leaves of white roses are the perfect foil for crimson and purple flowers.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia: Rose