1. Before defoliation to ground freezing every year, the garden soil should be deeply ploughed to a depth of 25 ~ 30 cm, or combined with fertilization. For orchards with more gravel, it is necessary to dig stones for soil year by year, so that the surrounding trees can be replaced with better soil.

2. Intercropping in orchards in young trees, and intercropping between beans, vegetables, potatoes, low-stalk medicinal plants and fruit seedlings is feasible. But the tree tray must be set aside so as not to affect the normal growth of fruit trees. After hanging fruit, no more intercropping.

3. intertillage weeding: intertillage weeding is carried out in time to loosen the topsoil to a depth of 5 ~ 10 cm.

(2) Fertilization in orchard

1. After defoliation every year during the fertilization period 10 ~ 1 1 month, base fertilizer is applied, mainly organic fertilizer. Topdressing is carried out in the growing season. Topdressing at least twice, mainly with chemical fertilizer at germination stage and before flowering. Conditionally increase it once in the fruit expansion period.

2. Fertilization methods can be annular furrow application, radial furrow application, point application, strip application and comprehensive spreading application. Foliar spraying can also be carried out.

3. Fertilization amount: 25 ~ 30kg organic fertilizer, 0.2 ~ 0.5kg diammonium phosphate and plant ash 1 ~ 1.5kg were applied to each plant in the young tree stage. At the full fruit stage, 40 ~ 50kg organic fertilizer was applied to each plant, and plant ash1~1.5kg. At the same time, we should always observe the growth and fruit of trees and increase or decrease the amount of fertilization.

(C) orchard water-saving irrigation

1. Orchards with poor irrigation conditions should pay attention to moisture conservation.

(1) Tillage keeps soil moisture. After each rain or irrigation, intertillage and weed in time, and after it snows in winter, pile snow around the tree tray to increase soil moisture.

(2) Mulching grass to conserve moisture. When the temperature is high in summer, grass or straw can be used to keep soil moisture and reduce evaporation. Newly planted seedlings should pay special attention to moisturizing to prevent drought and seedling death.

2. Orchard irrigation kiwifruit orchard should have irrigation conditions. Irrigation can adopt furrow irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, and flood irrigation in the whole garden to ensure the water needed by fruit trees. At the same time, attention should be paid to drainage to prevent dead seedlings caused by stagnant water.

(4) Tree management

1. If there are dead seedlings or missing plants after replanting the garden, replanting should be done in time.

Step 2: plastic trimming

(1) plastic. Generally divided into single main vine shaping and multi-main vine shaping.

① Single main vine shaping: from the planted seedlings, select vigorous branches as main vines and guide them to stand upright. After being put on the shelf, pull the main vine to one side to grow, select another grown vine from the main vine and pull it in the opposite direction to form a T-shape. After determining two main vines, select and leave side vines (also called fruiting mother vines) on each main vine with an interval of nearly 30 ~ 50 cm, so that the branches cover the frame surface, and the side vines are at right angles to the main vines and are not parallel. When the vertical main vine grows to the height of 1.6 ~ 1.7 m, you can also remove the core to make the main vine sprout new branches for the second time, select two new branches with opposite directions, tie them on the shelf, and cultivate them into left and right main vines, with lateral vines selected on them. This plastic method is suitable for T-frame and large scaffolding.

Schematic diagram of t-frame

(2) Multi-main vine shaping: select 3-4 branches on the branches where the seedlings are located, guide them into a fan shape on the frame, and select 30-40 cm side vines on each main vine to cover the frame surface. The main vine and the side vines have a certain angle and cannot be parallel. This shaping method is suitable for fence wall frames and shed frames.

Schematic diagram of fan-shaped fence frame

(2) pruning. Generally divided into winter scissors and summer scissors.

① Pruning in winter: generally, it will be carried out after the kiwifruit leaves fall to 65438+ 10 in early and mid-October. Combination of short cutting and thinning, and combination of long, medium and short tips. Prune long branches (more than 50 cm) and leave more than 7 buds; Trim the middle top (30 ~ 50 cm) and leave 5 ~ 7 buds; Prune short branches (10 ~ 30cm) and leave 2 ~ 4 buds. Leave 3 ~ 4 fruiting mother branches per square meter for trees in full fruit period. Pest branches, cross branches, slender branches and overlapping branches should be cut off. Long branches depend on the situation, and if they are used to replace the main vines, they should be kept; Those that are useless and have no space can be cut from the base, and those that have space can be cultivated into fruiting mother branches.

(2) Pruning in summer: the growth period of kiwifruit. Include bud smearing, core removal, branch thinning, vine binding, etc. After kiwifruit germinates, the latent buds, double buds and tertiary buds sprouted on the trunk and main vine should be erased in time. Picking begins 5 to 7 days after flowering. The fruiting branches that have not stopped growing leave 4 ~ 5 leaves above the fruiting nodes; 7 ~ 8 leaves are left in the secondary branch; The third branch leaves 1 ~ 2 leaves for coring. The leaf-fruit ratio of the whole plant is (6 ~ 8):1. Leave 9 ~ 10 leaves for the core collection of developing branches; Leave two leaves for the second branch to pick the core. Long branches should be cultivated, and 2 ~ 3 leaves should be cut off from mother branches; Leave 7 ~ 10 leaves for the second branch to core. Excess branches and vines can be pruned. With the growth of branches and vines, it is necessary to tie the vines in time so that the branches are evenly covered with the surface of the frame, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission.

3. In addition to the male plants pollinated in proportion, the male and female plants pollinated by kiwifruit should be pollinated by releasing bees, artificial pollination and wind-assisted pollination (blowing male flowers with mechanical or hand-driven hair dryers) during flowering to improve the pollination rate.

4. Sparse flowers and fruits 5 to 7 days before flowering, first sparse flower buds, sparse side flower buds and abnormal fine flower buds. During the flowering period, abnormally developed flowers will continue to become thinner. Fruit thinning should start from 10 ~ 15 days after flowering, and fruit thinning should be carried out in time for abnormal fruits, diseased fruits and small fruits. Long fruit branches reach 4 ~ 5 fruits, middle fruit branches reach 3 ~ 4 fruits, and short fruit branches reach 1 ~ 2 fruits or fruits.

5. Spraying 0.2% ~ 0.3% boron fertilizer on the leaves one time 10 ~ 15 days before flowering is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and pollination and fertilization. Spraying compound fertilizer containing multiple trace elements in the middle, late June and early August of fruit expansion period can promote fruit expansion and improve fruit quality.