1. Daily life care guides parents and other family members to properly care for children. Activities of daily life are the most fundamental activities for people to maintain their lives, such as eating, changing clothes, washing and going to the toilet. Children with cerebral palsy usually have many ability defects, so they need daily life care and training. Pay attention to the child's posture when changing clothes. It is usually more convenient to take off your clothes while sitting. Choose clothes that are convenient for children to put on and take off. When changing clothes, the limb on the seriously ill side should be put on first and then taken off. Attention should be paid to cultivating children's ability to change clothes independently. According to the age of the child, carry out hygiene and grooming training and develop the habit of urinating and defecating regularly. With the growth of age, children can be taught to predict to adults before defecation, learn to use toilet paper, put on pants and so on.
2. Dietary care needs to provide high-calorie, high-protein, vitamin-rich and digestible food. Children who have difficulty eating independently should be trained in diet. When feeding, don't take out the spoon when the child's teeth are clenched, so as not to damage the teeth. When feeding, the child's head should be kept in the midline position, and the child's head leaning back will cause foreign body inhalation. Let children learn to eat and get rid of other people's feeding conditions as soon as possible. If you can't ensure your child's calorie intake, you can carry out nasal feeding.
3. Skin care Children with cerebral palsy who are seriously ill and cannot sit for a long time often stay in bed for a long time. Lateral position is suitable for children with cerebral palsy. Nurses often help children turn over and try to reduce bed rest time during the day. Clean up the urine and urine in time, keep the skin clean, and prevent bedsores or other secondary infections.
4. The brain lesions of children with functional training paralysis are static, but the neurological defects caused by them are not permanently fixed. If proper treatment is not carried out as soon as possible, abnormal posture and movement pattern will be fixed, and tendon contracture and bone and joint deformity will be caused, which will further aggravate mental retardation. Infant brain tissue has great plasticity and strong compensatory ability. If the rehabilitation measures are appropriate, the best results can be achieved. Paralyzed limbs should keep functional position, carry out passive or active exercise, promote muscle and joint activities and improve muscle tension. It can also be combined with massage, massage, acupuncture and physical therapy. Severe limb deformity can be considered for surgical correction after 5 years old. Children with language disorders should be trained according to the law of normal children's language development, especially 0-6 years old is the key period of language learning. Usually, we should give children rich language stimulation, encourage them to speak out loudly, correct abnormal words, and persistently carry out language training to enhance their adaptability to social life.
Sixth, the diagnosis of cerebral palsy is rarely diagnosed in early infancy, and it has not shown the characteristics of various syndromes until the age of 2. Children who are known to be at high risk should be closely followed up, including all kinds of evidence, birth injury, asphyxia, jaundice, meningitis or neonatal convulsion, hypotonia, hypertonia and reflex inhibition.
Before the emergence of specific motor syndrome, these children showed motor development stagnation, persistent infant reflexes, hyperreflexes and changes in muscle tension. When the diagnosis or etiology is uncertain, CT or MRI of the brain may be helpful.
Cerebral palsy should be distinguished from progressive hereditary neurological diseases or diseases requiring surgery or other special neurological treatments. The relatively rare ataxia type is especially difficult to distinguish. Many children with ataxia eventually find progressive cerebellar degeneration. Men with limb peristalsis, self-mutilation and hyperuricemia suggest Leahy-Niehan syndrome. Skin and eye abnormalities suggest tuberous sclerosis, neurofibroma, ataxia telangiectasia, von Heep-Lindau disease or Sturger-Weber syndrome. Spinal muscular atrophy, spinocerebellar degeneration and muscular dystrophy in infancy usually lack signs of encephalopathy. Adrenal leukodystrophy occurs in late childhood.
Laboratory examination is helpful to eliminate some progressive biochemical disorders involving motor system (such as Tay-Sachs disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy and mucopolysaccharide storage disease). Other progressive abnormalities (such as infantile axonal dystrophy) cannot be ruled out by laboratory examination, but must be ruled out by clinical and pathological examination. Children with obvious mental retardation and symmetrical dyskinesia should be examined for amino acids and other metabolic abnormalities.