cutting

In the sunlight greenhouse, the seedbed with the width of 120cm was made along the east-west direction or the north-south direction, and the cutting substrate thickness was 8- 10 cm. When laying, first lay peat soil on the bottom layer, and then fully mix vermiculite powder and perlite before laying it on it for harrowing. The cutting substrate is used according to the ratio of vermiculite powder: perlite: peat soil = 2:1:1. After that, an inserted or suspended micro-spraying device with a micro-spraying radius of 70cm was installed above the seedbed.

Cut branches from robust mother branches with a diameter of 0.3~0.8cm, put them in a cool and humid place or wrap them with wet materials to prevent water loss, and then cut them into cuttings with a diameter of 10~ 12cm, with 4~6 bud nodes for each cutting. Cut flat at the bud node of 2cm at the upper end of the cutting, and cut at a 45 oblique angle at the lower end near the bud back. In order to improve the rooting rate of cuttings, cuttings can be soaked in 500 ~ 800 mg/kg-NAA solution or 200 ~ 500 mg/kg ABT rooting powder solution for 30 ~ 60 minutes.

Prunus persica var. purpurea should be cut from late October to early February in 165438+/kloc-0, that is, 20 days after the leaves completely fall. The cutting depth is 1/3~ 1/2 of the cutting length, and the cutting spacing is 2.5~3.5cm, and 1000 pieces /m2 is appropriate. After cutting, water the substrate with a watering can. When cutting for 20 ~ 40 days, the air humidity should be kept at 70%~80% and the temperature should be at 15~28℃, so as to facilitate the formation of callus at the base of cutting and promote the rooting of cutting. After 40-50 days, due to the gradual formation of new roots, attention should be paid to the harm of black spot disease to cuttings, and 70-800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 600-800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder should be sprayed every day. In order to make the seedlings grow healthily, 2.0g/kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution/kloc-0 was sprayed every 7d. When the root system reaches 10~ 15cm after cutting, the seedlings can be transplanted and planted.

propagation by grafting

The 1 year-old and 2-year-old Prunus armeniaca and Prunus armeniaca seedlings with strong scion affinity were selected as rootstocks, planted at a spacing of 30 cm and a row spacing of 50 cm, and grafted with Prunus humilis after survival.

Grafting of purple-leaf dwarf cherry mainly adopts branch grafting method. The branches of Prunus humilis have not germinated in March and April, and it is suitable for grafting when the juice begins to flow out. When cutting the scion, you should cut it from the bottom of the 1 bud about 3cm, cut it into duckbill shape on both sides of the bud, keep 3-5 buds upward, keep the length of the scion 8- 10 cm, then cut it flat at the rootstock 5cm from the ground, and split or cut it according to the thickness of the scion. The cambium of the scion must be closely butted with the cambium of the rootstock, and finally the joint should be firmly tied with plastic strips. After the whole row of grafting is completed, build a small arch shed to moisturize and prevent the scion from losing water and pulling.

High-branch layering propagation

1, high branch layering time

High-branch layering can be carried out from mid-April to early September. Because after layering takes root, it is necessary to cut off the mother tree and transplant it to the seedbed for cultivation management, so it is generally chosen in early May.

2. Selection of branches

Generally, 2-3-year-old robust branches with the thickness of 1.0cm-2.5cm are selected.

3, layered processing

Selecting branch points of branches, thinning the lateral branches above the branch points at intervals, and girdling under the petiole 5-20cm below the branch points. The method is: clamp the branch 1 circle with scissors, and clamp the branch 1.5cm~3.5cm below the knife edge (depending on the thickness of the branch, the girdling width is generally 1.2 times ~ 1.5 times the thickness of the branch, and the effect is not good if it is too narrow and too wide). Then use a brush dipped in 0.03% aqueous solution of naphthylacetic acid to smear the wound, and then wrap the wound with wet mud. Cut off the branches of the plastic sandwich plastic bag (bottle) trimmed with plastic, take down the plastic bag (bottle) and plant it in the seedbed filled with matrix soil. Plant spacing is 60 cm -80 cm, and row spacing is 60 cm -80 cm. After the zigzag planting is completed, water is poured. High-pressure strip seedlings from the end of August to the beginning of September should be planted in high beds, and then watered enough to build a small arch shed for the winter. Water pipes are laid in the arch shed and watered once a month 1 time. Bundle the strips into bags (bottles) at a distance of 4cm~5cm from the lower knife edge. Fill the bag (bottle) with matrix soil, tie the upper opening (5cm- 10cm from the upper blade), and fix the bagged branches with ropes. Inject water from the top of the bag with a syringe, generally every 4d=5d 1 time. Callus was produced at the incision in 30 ~ 40 days, and new roots grew. After 70d-90d days, it can be cut from the mother and planted in pots or in the open field.

Soil preparation and fertilization

Purple-leaf dwarf cherry peach has strong adaptability to soil, and can be planted in soil with pH of pH5.5~8.0, but neutral loam rich in organic matter is more suitable. Before planting, 375kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate, 4500kg/hm2 of oil residue cake and 37.5t/hm2 of fully decomposed farm manure such as sheep manure or cow dung were applied, and the tillage depth was 30cm, and then the soil was harrowed.

Management and maintenance

Water and fertilizer management

Purple-leaf dwarf cherry is drought-tolerant and can be watered thoroughly in early spring and late autumn every year. If it is not particularly dry, it can basically grow by the weather. The spring and autumn wind is very dry. After the newly planted seedlings spread their leaves, spray 1 time every morning and evening to replenish water, reduce root pressure and improve the survival rate of seedlings. In summer rainy days, the accumulated water in tree pits should be removed in time to prevent the water temperature from rising and scalding the roots after sunrise.

Purple-leaf dwarf cherry likes fertilizer, and the newly planted seedlings should be properly topdressed in the growth period besides applying base fertilizer when planting. Apply NPK compound fertilizer 1 times in early spring and early summer, and manure or residual fertilizer 1 times in late autumn. For newly planted seedlings and seedlings that lack fertilizer and grow poorly, foliar fertilizer can be applied. Spraying should be done in the early morning or evening. It is not suitable to do it at noon when there is plenty of light and before and after it rains. It should be sprayed three times, with an interval of 10~ 15 days.

Overwintering management

Purple-leaf dwarf cherry is cold-resistant, and its seedlings can be painted with white trunks. For newly planted seedlings, the roots can be cultivated, the trunk can be wrapped with grass, and the seedlings can be covered with plastic film. After the newly planted seedlings are wrapped and dried in 1 year, they can be painted white for wintering in the next year.

Plastic trimming

Purple-leaf dwarf cherry has strong germination ability, lush growth and pruning resistance. Pruning should be treated differently according to different plant types. The common plant types of purple-leaf dwarf cherry are broom type and natural joy type. The broom type is generally used as a thin-plate planting or hedge, and it is pruned every year in late spring and early autumn, and the pruning height is generally 0.6 ~1.2m. Natural seedlings are generally used for opposite planting and row planting. Purple-leaf dwarf cherry is a shrub mainly for foliage, so when pruning, only some low branches, cross branches and competitive branches are removed, and 3~4 inner branches are kept. For the annual branches, the core should be picked at about 40cm to promote the lignification of the branches and produce more side branches. In a word, the ornamental value of purple-leaf dwarf cherry can be improved by pruning, cutting off weak branches, horizontal branches and long branches, improving ventilation and light transmission conditions and maintaining a beautiful tree shape.

disease control

The main pests of purple-leaf dwarf cherry peach are red spider, aphid and so on. Red spider and aphid mainly harm leaves and destroy chlorophyll in leaves, resulting in plant growth weakness, leaf withering, branches withering and even whole plant death.

Prevention and cure method

1. Strengthen field cultivation management and clear weeds in time;

2. When pests occur, 40% dicofol 2000 times solution can be sprayed to control red spiders, and 40% mirex EC 1500 times solution can be sprayed to control aphids, and spraying every 7~ 10d/time for 2~3 times continuously can be effective.