Method for planting peony
plant
Choose a sunny place without water, preferably sandy loam with fertile soil and good drainage on the Chaoyang slope. Before planting, dig deep into the ground, the planting pit should be appropriately large, and the peony root should be stretched vertically when it is placed in its hole, and it is not allowed to take root by punching holes. Don't plant too deep, it's best to just bury the roots. Generally, there are fewer potted plants.
liquid manure
Water twice before planting. Irrigation 1 time before winter to ensure its safe overwintering. After spring, water should be supplied according to the dry and wet conditions of the soil, but don't water it too much. Generally, fertilizer is applied three times a year, and the first time is 1 time before flowering, and quick-acting fertilizer is applied to promote flowers to bloom well. The second time is fertilization after flowering, topdressing 1 times organic liquid fertilizer. The third time is autumn and winter fertilizer, mainly base fertilizer, to promote the growth of the next spring. In addition, attention should be paid to intertillage weeding, and the soil can be loosened by shallow tillage without leaving weeds.
Plastic trimming
Pick and trim the flowers in time after they wither, and trim them according to the natural growth of the tree. At the same time, a layer of calluses antiseptic film is attached to the trimming mouth to protect the wound and prevent the invasion and infection of germs. If the plant is low and the flowers are dense, it should be cut short to inhibit branch expansion and tillering. Generally, it is advisable to leave 5 ~ 6 branches per plant.
Flowering period control
Potted peony can blossom in the Spring Festival by forcing flowers in winter. The method is to select peony varieties with full scales and buds (such as Zhao Fen, Luoyanghong, Lu Shengdan, Gejinzi, Zhusha Lei, Dazihu, Mokui, Wulong Peng Sheng, etc.). ) 60 days before the Spring Festival, take it out with soil to minimize root damage, dry it in the shade 12 ~ 13 days, and then put it on the pot. When placing the flowerpot, the size of the flowerpot should match the plant to achieve a satisfactory plant type. After pouring water, it is managed normally. 50 ~ 60 days before the Spring Festival, move into a greenhouse around 10℃, and spray water 2 ~ 3 times a day to keep it moist. When the scale buds expand, gradually heat them to 25 ~ 30℃, and the temperature at night is not lower than 15℃, so that flowers can be seen in the Spring Festival.
Propagation method of peony
sexual reproduction
The 1000-grain weight of peony seeds is about150g ~180g. Therefore, the propagation coefficient of sowing propagation is large, and a large number of seedlings can be obtained in a short time. According to this feature, peony sowing and propagation are mostly used to produce medicinal peony and cultivate rootstocks for grafting. The single-petal variety of Paeonia suffruticosa has strong seed setting, full seeds, high germination rate, wide adaptability, strong growth potential and small variability, among which the single-petal variety? Feng Dan? The most representative, then, when producing medicinal peony and cultivating rootstocks for grafting, the seeds of single-petal varieties are used more, especially? Feng Dan? Maximum dose. The stamens or pistils of semi-double-petal or double-petal peony varieties are often petal-shaped or degenerated, with few or no seeds, withered seeds, low germination rate and great variability. Therefore, semi-double petals or double petals are generally used to breed new varieties. The seeds of single-petal varieties, semi-double-petal varieties and double-petal varieties will not bloom until 3-5 years after sowing, but plants over 5 years old will bear more fruits and full seeds.
asexual reproduction
Asexual propagation can keep the excellent characters of the mother plant basically unchanged, and the propagation of ornamental peony is mainly carried out in this way. Asexual propagation has developed from traditional grafting and rameting to modern biotechnology such as organogenesis and tissue culture.
1, ramet method
Peony has no obvious trunk, but is a clustered shrub, which is very suitable for branching and relatively simple. Its advantages are rapid seedling formation and rapid growth of new plants; The disadvantages are low propagation coefficient, different seedling sizes and poor commercialization.
2. Grafting method:
Grafting is the most commonly used propagation method of peony, which has the advantages of low cost, high speed, high propagation coefficient and neat seedlings. The main factors affecting grafting survival are grafting time, rootstock, scion and grafting method.
3. Cutting method
Peony cutting propagation has low survival rate, less rooting, weak growth potential and difficult maintenance and management, so it is hardly used in production.
The best time for cutting propagation is from early September (Bailu) to late September (autumnal equinox), when the temperature is 18 ~ 25℃ and the ground temperature is 18 ~ 23℃. As long as the soil moisture of the transplanting substrate is moderate, callus can be formed in 7 ~ 10 days, and can grow out in 4 ~ 60 days after transplanting. By 65438+February, the roots basically stopped growing. When cutting, the cuttings should be strong and free from pests and diseases, and the branches sprouting on the surface are more likely to take root. Each cutting is 5 ~ 10 cm long, quickly dipped in rooting agents such as 500 ~ 800 mg/L indolebutyric acid, ABT 1 root powder, and then the plant spacing is 10? Insert the substrate 20cm, the depth is 1/2 ~ 2/3 of the cutting length, and the substrate is compacted and kept wet.
The survival rate of peony cutting propagation is generally less than 60%. The main reason is that the new roots are few and short in the same year after cutting, which can not meet enough water and nutrition for plant growth, thus leading to death. After two years of survival, peony can be transplanted to other places for permanent planting.
For the thick and solid branches of improved varieties, the survival rate of grafting is definitely higher than that of cutting. However, in late March (vernal equinox), in order to adjust the growth potential of branches and shape plants, many branches with a length of about 5 ~ 10 cm were broken and discarded, which is a great pity. If it can be used for cutting, it will be a way to increase the yield of seedlings by using waste materials and an important topic for peony researchers.
4, layered method
Peony layering propagation is to peel or carve peony branches into the soil, and then separate them from the mother plant after taking root to form new plants. Layering method is divided into in-situ layering method and hanging bag layering method.
5, tissue culture method:
In order to solve the problem of low propagation coefficient of Paeonia suffruticosa which can not be overcome by traditional methods, the tissue culture technology of Paeonia suffruticosa was studied. For more than 20 years, explants such as anther, seed embryo, epicotyl, stem tip, axillary bud, tender leaf and petiole have been used for culture, and beneficial progress has been made in its culture technology. Tissue culture based on organogenesis has been reported from time to time since Li Yulong and others put forward it. Papaveracea？ The subculture cycle is 3 weeks, 4 weeks and 5 weeks respectively, and the doubling time of clustered buds is 265 days, 438+0.7 days, 24.8 days and 27.0d days respectively, that is, the rooting reaction is determined by the culture cycle of rooted clustered buds. The effect of clustered buds cultured for 5 weeks is the best, and the rooting rate is the lowest after 4 weeks. The rooting ability of clustered buds is negatively correlated with its weight. Madame de Vatri? In MS medium containing 6 mmol/L CA2+, adding BA instead of 2iP is the most effective. Cluster buds take root outside the test tube, and only when the level of BA in vivo decreases and the level of IAA increases will it be beneficial to the formation of adventitious roots. When treated with 75 μm ol/LIBA or 0.3%AC, adventitious buds at the base of stem can be removed, which can improve the rooting rate, and low temperature treatment can promote the growth of the top of small plants. IAA and cytokinin levels increased, while ABA content decreased. When the plants treated at low temperature were cultured for 65438±05d under normal conditions, the ABA level in the stems increased, but it was not detected in the roots. The progress of tissue culture technology of Paeonia suffruticosa is encouraging, but there are still some problems in the transplanting stage of tissue culture seedlings, such as high surface disinfection pollution rate, easy browning of culture, low propagation coefficient, slow growth, serious diseases and high mortality. Once these problems are solved, peony tissue culture technology will become an effective means of rapid propagation of peony seedlings.
Pay attention to the following questions when planting:
Peony should be planted according to local conditions, and the planting place should be in a sunny and dry place. In a cool place, plants grow very thin and cannot bloom. It grows best in the shade. The soil should be loose, fertile, deep sandy loam or loam with good drainage, and the soil pH value should be neutral, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline.
Ornamental peony planting should pay attention to the collocation of varieties, colors and flowering periods. Before planting, properly prune the roots, cut off diseased roots and broken roots, soak the roots in 0. 1% copper sulfate solution or 5% lime water gauge for half an hour, take them out after disinfection and rinse them with clear water before planting. The planting depth should be flush with the soil surface at the junction of rhizomes. The suitable planting time is from the middle of September to the middle and late period of 10. The northern region can be planted early, and the southern region can be planted late. Proper planting time, easy healing and rooting after planting, is conducive to growth and flowering.
Growing environment of peony
Hanzhong, a deciduous sub-shrub, originated in the mountainous areas around Qinling Mountain and Daba Mountain in western China, and was the earliest place to cultivate peony artificially in China. Peony flowers like cold and hate white, which is suitable for drying and wet. They can tolerate the low temperature of -30℃ and grow normally in areas with an annual average relative humidity of about 45%. I like yin, but I'm not very resistant to yang. Loose, fertile and well-drained neutral soil or sandy soil are required, and it is forbidden to stick heavy soil or plant at low temperature. The flowering period is April-May. Grafting is often used for cultivation, because it belongs to Paeonia genus with Paeonia lactiflora, and Paeonia lactiflora is often used as rootstock.
Characteristics of peony
Deciduous shrub, stem 2 meters high; The branches are short and thick. The leaves are usually bipinnately compound, and occasionally the leaves near the top of the branches are 3 leaflets; The terminal lobule is broadly ovoid, 7-8 cm long and 5.5-7 cm wide, 3-lobed in the middle, green on the surface, hairless, pale green on the back, sometimes with white powder, sparsely pubescent or nearly hairless along the veins, and the petiole is 1.2-3 cm long. Lateral leaflets are narrowly ovate or oblong-ovate, 4.5 ~ 6.5 cm long and 2.5 ~ 4 cm wide, ranging from 2-lobed to 3-lobed or undivided, nearly sessile; The petiole is 5 ~ 1 1 cm long, and the leaf axis is hairless. The flower has a solitary branch apex with a diameter of10 ~17 cm; Pedicel 4 ~ 6 cm long; Bracts 5, oblong, unequal in size; Sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, different in size; 5 petals, or double petals, rose, purple, pink to white, usually very changeable, obovate, 5 ~ 8 cm long and 4.2 ~ 6 cm wide, with irregular waves at the top; Stamens are 1 ~ 1.7 cm long, filaments are purplish red and pink, the upper part is white, about 1.3 cm long, and anthers are oval and 4 mm long. The disk is leathery, cup-shaped, purplish red, with several sharp teeth or lobes at the top, completely covering the carpel, and the carpel cracks when it matures; Carpels 5, rarer, densely pilose. Kelp is rectangular with dense yellow-brown bristles. And because of the different varieties of peony, peony plants are tall and short, clustered and different, straight and oblique, aggregated and scattered, each with its own differences.
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