Five-needle pine is a kind of tree species with high ornamental value. Its leaves are natural and vigorous, graceful and elegant, and full of poetry. Like sunshine, warm and dry environment, slightly resistant to shade, but afraid of low humidity, suitable for loose, fertile and slightly acidic soil. Therefore, soil, watering, fertilization, lighting and other work must be done well in cultivating five-needle pine. (1) After turning over the pots and watering the ground, plant American ginseng 10 in the shade for a day, then move it to a semi-shady and semi-sunny place for a week, and then put it in a sunny, ventilated and humid place for maintenance. It is afraid of the scorching sun, especially the exquisite five-needle pine bonsai with flowerpots. Because there is less soil in the basin, it is more afraid of the scorching sun, so it should be placed in a semi-cloudy and semi-sunny place in summer. When the weather is dry and hot, spray water 1 ~ 2 times on the ground near the five-needle pine bonsai every morning and evening to keep the humidity of the microclimate. In late autumn and early winter in the north, move the five-needle pine bonsai into a smoke-free room (because the smoke of five-needle pine is more harmful than that of ordinary potted flowers), and the room temperature should be around 5℃. If the room temperature is too high, it will affect winter dormancy, which is not conducive to the growth of the next year. The soil for potted Pinus taiwanensis requires sandy soil with good drainage and ventilation, rich organic matter and slight acidity. Generally, humus soil is mixed with yellow soil (or black soil) and sandy soil at the ratio of 6: 3: 1. Potted soil should not be alkaline, otherwise it will be unfavorable for growth, and pine needles will turn yellow and fall off. (2) When changing pots for the first time, it is advisable to burn pottery pots with vegetarian food, because it has good ventilation and is easy to survive. After the basin is covered, it will be replaced with a simple and dark purple sand pottery basin. Potted soil should be changed every 3-4 years, and the changing time should be from the end of February to the beginning of April or from September to1mid-October. When changing pots, cut off some old roots properly and water them. (3) Watering the five-needle pine likes the humid environment, but it is afraid of water accumulation, which can keep the basin soil moist. April-May is the season when the new buds of Pinus pentaphylla germinate and grow vigorously, so it is necessary to control water properly, because water can make the new branches steep and the needles elongate. When the temperature is high in summer, it should be watered before 10 or after 16. In winter, when the temperature is low and the water demand is reduced, it is necessary to water less. If the soil is wet, you can't water it. Water should be done around noon, when the temperature is the highest. Five needles pine is most afraid of waterlogging damage to the root system, so it should be watered moderately, not too much, and the foliar water should be sprayed frequently. Soil moisture should be kept between 15%-30%, and natural water is the best. Generally, water 1 time a day in spring and autumn, twice a day in summer, and several days 1 time in winter. At the same time, we should master it flexibly according to the change of weather. (4) Five-needle pine should be applied thinly, and fully decomposed cake fertilizer should be applied. Fertilization of mature plants should be carried out in spring and autumn. Spring fertilizer is applied every 10 day 2-3 months before germination, and the concentration is about 15%, which promotes germination and long branches. It is hot in July and August, so it is suitable to apply 10% diluted fertilizer water once a month 1 time, once in the morning and once in the evening. September is the fastest growth stage of American ginseng, so autumn fertilizer can be properly concentrated (the fertilizer concentration can be increased to about 25%) to promote more axillary buds and fewer flower buds, and there are enough nutrients for the growth of stems and branches. After Io is finished, fertilization should be stopped. In addition, fertilization depends on the weather. If it rains for a long time, Chu Qing should not fertilize immediately; If it doesn't rain for a long time, water it first and then fertilize it after 2-3 days. (5) American ginseng is a strongly positive plant. Generally, flowerpots should be kept in a dry, ventilated and sunny place. Too wet and cloudy days are not conducive to their growth. Five-needle pine seedlings potted by Agricultural Bank of China for 1-2 years should be properly shaded at noon in hot summer to prevent needles from being sunburned, and should be placed in the open air at other times to fully receive sunlight. In this way, the five-needle pine bonsai has dense branches and leaves, thick green, high ornamental value and few pests and diseases. (6) Shaping the five-needle pine bonsai After years of growth, some branches will grow too long, too dense or improperly positioned, and they should be reshaped every year. The shaping time should be from June 1 1 to March of the following year, because during this period, the five-needle pine is in dormancy, the sap flows slowly, and the rosin overflows less after pruning. Plastic surgery generally adopts a combination of Pinza and pruning. For branches that are too long, one is to cut them short, and the other is to tie them into an irregular "S" shape with metal wires to make them shorter. Branches that are too dense and do not need modeling must be cut off. Some beginners think it's a pity to cut off only a few branches a year. In fact, they should not cut them, but will suffer from them. Too dense and messy branches will seriously affect the shape and artistic conception of bonsai. Picking buds is an important plastic measure to maintain the tree-like beauty of five-needle pine bonsai. In order to shorten the length of branches and make them properly dense, in addition to controlling fertilizer and water, buds not needed for modeling should be removed in time, and the remaining buds should also be removed according to their length 1/2-2/3. Don't pick buds too early, wait until the leaf buds and flower buds are clearly distinguished. There is a bunch of buds at the lower part of the bud, and the flowers fall behind to form leafless long branches. This kind of bud is best removed, but it can be kept if the shape needs it. (7) Pests and Diseases Control The main diseases of Pinus quinquefolius include rust, root rot and sooty blotch. It can be prevented by spraying 1-2 times in winter. Pests include scale insects, red spiders, aphids and so on. , can be captured manually, washed with pesticides or controlled. At the same time, attention should be paid to ventilation and light transmission, and the soil in the basin should not be too wet to prevent pests and diseases. The cultivated five-needle pine is prone to diseases and insect pests, such as leaf blight, pine defoliation, pine moth and scale insect, if it is not properly maintained. If leaf blight and pine defoliation are found, the diseased leaves should be removed in time and sprayed with 800 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder; When it is found that Dendrolimus punctatus and scale insects harm the tips and needles, 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times of water can be sprayed for control. In midsummer and early winter, some needles in the middle of branches often appear irregular yellowing, which is a general manifestation of the normal metabolism of five-needle pine. However, every summer, the leaves of five-needle pine raised by some flower lovers will turn yellow, and some leaves will die after late autumn, which will greatly affect the ornamental value. Cultivation precautions (1) Too much watering, or too much rain in June every year, the soil in the basin is often too wet, coupled with poor drainage and water accumulation in the basin, resulting in lack of oxygen in the soil, rotten roots and yellow needles. (2) In hot summer, the water evaporates quickly and the needle is burnt due to insufficient water. If exposed to the hot sun, the soil in the basin is too dry, and the tip of the thimble of the five-needle pine will also be scorched. If the water shortage persists; Plants will eventually die. (3) Five-needle pine is left indoors for a long time, and the light and air are insufficient, which violates the habit of five-needle pine to avoid light outdoors, or suddenly moves outdoors and encounters exposure to the sun. In order to avoid the dead leaves of Pinus pentaphylla, corresponding preventive and rescue measures should be taken according to the above reasons. Japanese five-needled pine (ゴ 12520ツ), English name Japanese white pine or Miyajima pine, is15-25m high, blue-green needles are 5-6cm long, five needles are clustered in branches, and the stomatal line is white. Japanese five-needle pine is an important tree species in potted pine trees. The period of flowering and fruiting, as well as the change of needle color, vary with the change of planting environment. After grafting, some people in China invented some names in order to fool customers and make huge profits, which caused unnecessary confusion. The so-called Osaka (not Osaka) pine refers to the artificially cultivated pine with dense branches and short needles (about 2 cm), but this name is not a recognized subspecies name and can not be found in academic literature at home and abroad. As for Sakamoto, Lily, and Miyajima, they are all aliases of Japanese small-flowered mountain pepper, and there is no difference. The cultivation method is basically the same as that of Pinus pentaphylla.