Analysis and explanation:
Sweet oranges are distributed in 13 provinces (autonomous regions) in China, mainly produced in Sichuan, Guangdong, Taiwan Province, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei and other provinces (autonomous regions).
It is required that the soil layer is deep (60㎝) and fertile; The ph value of the soil is 5.5-7.0; The slope of the orchard is less than 25 degrees.
Sweet orange is native to tropical and subtropical areas, so it should be warm, not cold-resistant, and more shade-tolerant, requiring fertile soil and good air permeability.
Mainly distributed in areas where the annual average temperature is above 15℃.
The lowest temperature for the germination of sweet orange branches and seeds is 65438 03℃, and the optimum temperature for the growth of branches is 23-365438 0℃, and the growth stops at 37-38℃.
Guigang belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with an annual average temperature of 265,438 0.5℃, an annual average rainfall day of 65,438 0.66 days, an annual average rainfall of 65,438 0.600 mm and a frost-free period of 353 days.
Therefore, the climate in this area is suitable, so you can choose soil and gardens.
Cultivation techniques:
It is required that the soil layer is deep (60㎝) and fertile; The ph value of the soil is 5.5-7.0; The slope of the orchard is less than 25 degrees.
When planning a garden, there should be necessary roads, irrigation and drainage, water storage and ancillary building facilities.
In terms of specific planning, we should concentrate on one place as much as possible and build gardens in places with good traffic and water conditions.
Generally, it is planted after the autumn bamboo shoots mature in September-165438+10 or before the spring bamboo shoots germinate in February-March.
The planting density is 3m× 4m, and 55-60 plants are planted per mu.
Digging planting holes with soil: pull wires at regular intervals, dig planting holes, each hole is 80cm deep and 80cm wide, then press green manure 50cm deep and backfill soil 40cm high for planting.
Ridge planting: 8 meters, 60-80㎝ wide and 40-60cm deep, with 2 ridges per grid (width 1.5m, center distance 4m, height 20-30cm).
When planting, the roots of seedlings should be trimmed appropriately, placed in the center of the planting hole, stretched and righted, and the seedlings should be gently lifted upward while filling the soil, so that the roots are closely connected with the soil.
Water the roots, make a 1m tree tray around the seedlings, and cover it with chaff.
It is necessary to dig holes and solidify soil, prohibit planting tall plants such as corn and wheat in the garden, and do a good job in rational intercropping and intertillage weeding in the orchard.
Fertilization principle: we should fully meet the demand of blood orange for various nutrients, advocate applying more organic fertilizers, and rationally apply inorganic fertilizers and formula fertilizers. According to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and blood orange phenology, fertilization is guided.
Fertilization method: mainly soil fertilization combined with foliar fertilization.
The methods of annular furrow application, strip furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilization were adopted.
Fertilization for young trees: apply fertilizer frequently and thinly, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the auxiliary fertilizer. Apply fertilizer 5-6 times in the bud germination period (March, May, June, July, September, 65438+February) in spring, summer and autumn, and apply 0.4 kg of ammonium carbonate or 0.2 kg of urea to each plant each time.
1-3 young trees should be applied with pure nitrogen 100-400g every year, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is1.0: (0.4-0.5):1.0.
Adult trees should be fertilized four times, that is, germination accelerating fertilizer, fruit protection fertilizer, fruit strengthening fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer. Generally, the amount of fertilizer applied is 2-3 kg of chemical fertilizer and one load of manure. Fruit-keeping fertilizer 1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer+1 kg chemical fertilizer; Strong fruit fertilizer 1-2 kg chemical fertilizer+1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
The fruit picking fertilizer (base fertilizer) is mainly organic fertilizer, and each plant is applied with 50- 100 kg organic fertilizer+1-2 kg chemical fertilizer.
Irrigate the soil when it is dry, and drain it when it accumulates water. Plastic trimming 1, principle.
Adjust measures to local conditions, prune trees, properly raise and lower them, and ventilate and transmit light to achieve three-dimensional effect.