Rhododendron has many kinds and different shapes. From big trees (more than 20m in height) to small shrubs (only 10 cm-20 cm in height), the trunk is erect or creeping, and the branches alternate or alternate. It is distributed in Europe, Asia and North America, and Asia is the largest. It is different from the western azalea in that its body is relatively short and its flower shape is relatively small.
All provinces and regions in China except Xinjiang are distributed, especially Yunnan, Tibet and Sichuan are the world distribution centers of rhododendrons. There are many kinds of rhododendrons with different habits, but most of them are produced in high altitude areas, and they like cool and humid climate and hate hot and dry. It is required that the soil is rich in humus, loose, moist and acidic, and the pH value is between 5.5 and 6.5. Some species and horticultural varieties have strong adaptability, drought tolerance and barren tolerance, and can grow in the soil pH value of 7-8. But in the soil with poor viscosity or permeability, the growth is not good. Rhododendron has certain requirements for light, but it is not resistant to exposure. In summer and autumn, deciduous trees or shade sheds should be used to keep out the scorching sun, and the ground should be sprayed with water frequently. Rhododendron shoots in spring and autumn, mainly in spring. The optimum growth temperature is 15 ~ 20℃, and the growth stops when the temperature exceeds 30℃ or below 5℃. There is a short dormant period in winter, and then with the increase of temperature, the flower buds gradually expand. Generally, it blooms in the open field from March to May, and it blooms in high altitude areas as late as July and August. Greenhouse cultivation is in the north. 65438 can bloom from 0 to February. Rhododendron is resistant to pruning, and its hidden buds are easy to germinate after being stimulated, which can be used to control the tree shape and revitalize the tree. Pruning is usually carried out before May, and new branches can form buds in the same year. If it is too late, it will affect flowering. Generally speaking, new buds that germinate around early autumn can still be lignified. If the new buds form too late, they are vulnerable to freezing injury in winter. Evergreen or deciduous shrubs.
Maintenance points:
1. environmental conditions: it is best to cultivate azaleas indoors and indoors. Use indoor environment in winter. In the Yangtze River valley, as long as there are certain lighting and ventilation conditions indoors, there is generally no need for heating. The northern winter is extremely cold and dry, so it is suitable for cultivation in a greenhouse with moderate temperature (about 15℃). Outdoor venues, used in summer and autumn, with mud as the best, avoid cement. The venue should be spacious, ventilated and cool, with a shade shed, a reed curtain or a natural tree-lined shelter, and the light transmittance should be around 30%. It is forbidden to bask in the sun at night.
2. Potted soil requirements: Rhododendron likes loose, porous, well-drained, humus-rich acidic soil with PH value of 5.0-6.0. If clay or alkaline soil is used, it is difficult to survive. Especially Xia Juan and Yang Juan, they must be mountain soil. Mountain soil needs to be improved. At present, three kinds of cultivated soil are usually used. (1) It is prepared by mixing 7 parts of mountain soil, 1 part of dry moss sheet, 2 parts of dry humus soil and 1 part of dry fertilizer. (2) Stack 3 parts of mountain bark soil (topsoil), 3 parts of horse manure, 3 parts of deciduous weeds and 1 part of human manure in layers, and sieve after 1-2 years. (3) Mix 3 parts of mountain soil, 3 parts of humus soil, 4 parts of garden soil and 2 parts of sandy soil, and add 50g of sesame sauce residue and bone meal to each pot.
Third, the choice of flowerpots: flowerpots for planting azaleas can generally choose pottery pots and purple sand pots according to their uses. Clay basin has good ventilation and water permeability, which is beneficial to root growth. It is used for the cultivation of production units.
Fourth, improve water quality: it is best to use rainwater for watering azaleas, followed by river water and pond water. If tap water is used, it is best to store the water for 1-2 days, so that chlorine gas can be volatilized and then reused. When it is used, 0.2% ferrous sulfate is added, and it is poured every 7- 10 days in the growing season, and it is frequently used to ensure that the soil is acidic.
Five, fertilizer and water management: azaleas like wet, not too dry. More water is especially needed during flowering. In winter, azaleas have entered the dormant period, and the water demand is not much. Generally, water should be poured 1 time every 4-5 days, and around noon on sunny and warm days.
6. Outdoor shading: it is advisable to see more sunshine before going out and flowering; At noon in flowering period, it should be shaded for a short time, with a light transmittance of 60%; The plum rain period from June to early July is the flowering period of azaleas, so try to see more sunshine. Seven, shaping and pruning: Rhododendron grows slowly, generally let it grow naturally, only after flowering, shaping, cutting off long branches, diseased branches, deformed branches and damaged branches.
Arima
The flower language of azalea-it will always belong to you.
The flower language of azaleas represents the joy of love. It is said that people who like this kind of flowers are innocent. The motto of azaleas is that when you see azaleas blooming all over the mountain, it is the time when love comes.
Flower language: joy of love, temperance, temperance of desire
The meaning of color: the joy of love
White: the joy of being loved