Ecological habits of roses Roses like sunny, cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, and they like well-drained, loose and fertile loam or light loam, which grows poorly in clay loam and blooms poorly. It should be planted in a well-ventilated place away from the wall to prevent sunlight from reflecting, burning the bud and affecting flowering.
Vine roses are mainly planted on the ground, and there are also a few potted plants. In the Yellow River basin and its south area, it can be planted in the open air and overwinter in the open air. In the cold northern region, potted plants should be used indoors for wintering, or ditches should be dug and pots buried for wintering. After defoliation in autumn, it can be planted before germination in spring. It should be planted in a place with high terrain, abundant sunshine and no stagnant water, and the depth is off the ground 15 cm. When potted, humus soil, garden soil and river sand are mixed to cultivate soil, and a proper amount of decomposed manure or cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer are added into the well. After planting, water 1 time, put the seedlings in the shade for a few days and then move them to the sun for culture.
Light and temperature in grape cultivation methods
Sunlight can promote good growth. Ground planting and potted plants should be placed in sunny places and receive more than 4 hours of direct sunlight every day. Can not be placed in a place with insufficient indoor light for a long time. Enter the room in winter and put it in a sunny place. The suitable growth temperature is 12 ~ 28℃, and it can tolerate the low temperature of -20℃. It is safe to overwinter in Zhengzhou.
Water and fertilizer cultivation method of vine rose
Before planting, apply an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer into the tree hole, and then water it after planting. The requirement of water and fertilizer for ground-planted roses is not strict, and generally it can be fertilized three times. First, apply fertilizer before flowering, apply it to the border before spring buds are shaded, and it is better to add decomposed manure and humus. The second is to apply fertilizer after flowering, and apply decomposed cake fertilizer residue after flowering to supplement the nutrients consumed by flowering. Third, apply fertilizer in winter, and apply human manure after defoliation to ensure the safety of roses in winter. Potted roses can be applied with dilute fertilizer water in cattle for a long time, 10 ~ 15 days 1 time. Roses are drought tolerant. Generally, it is not watered at ordinary times, and it is watered for 20 ~ 30 days in hot summer or spring drought 1 time. Potted plants are watered for two days 1 time, and hot summer or spring drought 1 time. Spraying a new type of high-fat film to preserve fertilizer and moisture.
Cultivation method for shaping and pruning vines
Generally, pruning is not needed. Old plants can be pruned to remove dense branches, dead branches and pests. Roses bloom, if they fail, pick them and then bloom, otherwise they will only bloom 1 time.
Generally speaking, the natural flowering period is better for controlling the rose period of vines. Flower spraying in bud stage is bright in color and long in flowering period.
Five methods of rose propagation: 1, sowing method 2, branching method 3, cutting method 4, layering method 5 and grafting method.
The breeding mode of vines is 1. Grafting time: it can be carried out before the roses germinate in mid-March in early spring, after the axillary buds of roses form in July and August in summer, and after the roses stop growing in the middle and late September of Mid-Autumn Festival. However, the grafting time in early spring is short, the survival rate is low, and the seedlings can only become seedlings in autumn, so the grafting time is mainly in July and August in summer.
2. Selection and cultivation of rootstocks: Red Ten Sisters, Modern Rose and Western Rose are selected as rootstocks with strong grafting affinity, high survival rate, rapid growth and high yield after planting, and rootstocks can be cut in spring, summer and autumn, especially from mid-September to mid-June 10. Select fully developed rose branches with a diameter of more than 0.5 cm, cut them into 15-20 cm cuttings, and cut the lower end into Ma 'erpo. According to the plant spacing of 10- 15cm and the row spacing of 20-30cm, insert the seedbed, apply sufficient base fertilizer, level it, turn it over deeply to expose the ground to the depth of 1/3, and then pour enough water.
3. Grafting and management mainly adopt bud grafting. Can you choose the full buds in the middle and upper parts of the rose branches that germinated that year as grafting buds? Open the door alone? Two-door T-shape? Equal bud grafting. ? Open the door alone. T-type is suitable for thick rootstocks. When grafting, first peel off the base of the rootstock, tie the needle and open it 3-5 cm from the ground. The size of the opening is preferably the same as that of the grafted bud. Under suitable conditions, it can be healed in 7 days after grafting, and the bandage will be loosened when it germinates in 10- 15 days, which is easy to appear prematurely. Bud's back? Phenomenon. After the grafted buds are completely healed, the rootstock can be pruned, and the rose rootstock buds can be often erased in time to facilitate the growth of the grafted buds.
Control of powdery mildew of rose
Powdery mildew mostly occurs in young leaves, and other old leaves, flower stems, receptacle and even branches are also commonly infected. When infected, the leaves are convex, the color of the convex part becomes pale, and there is white powder. The leaves become uneven and gradually curl, and the germs spread, and the whole back of the leaves is covered with a layer of gray mold. In severe cases, buds, pedicels and whole branches and leaves are covered with a layer of mold, and new buds and leaves are curled.
The disease mostly occurs from late autumn to early spring, and it is prone to occur when the temperature difference between day and night is large and the humidity is high. When the temperature is 65438 05℃ at night and the humidity is as high as 90%, it is most suitable for the generation, germination and infection of pathogenic spores, and when the temperature is 27℃ and the humidity is 40%~70% during the day, it is most suitable for the mature spread of spores. In this case, it is necessary to spray medicine as soon as possible to prevent it. Powdery mildew spreads spores through airflow.
Prevention and control methods: spraying drugs regularly, using 600 times of myclobutanil solution, 800 times of chlorothalonil and other drugs for prevention and control. Spraying water on leaves every 7~ 10d/time can effectively reduce the occurrence of powdery mildew. Cut off the diseased branches and leaves as soon as possible to reduce the chance of re-transmission.
downy mildew
Downy mildew mainly harms leaves, shoots, stems, pedicels and petals. Infected the growing point first, the leaves changed from purple to brown-black, the infected leaves began to appear irregular spots, and then gradually withered or fell off, and the diseased tip dried up. Flowers, pedicels and petals are infected with similar spots. When the humidity is high, botrytis cinerea is easy to appear in all the diseased parts. No pathogenic bacteria can be seen when it is dry, and a large number of mold layers, namely sporangia and sporangia, grow when it is wet. Greenhouse mainly occurs in spring and autumn. If the temperature difference between day and night is large, the greenhouse is not ventilated, the humidity is close to saturation, and the leaf edge spits water or leaves are exposed, which lasts for a long time and the disease is serious.
Prevention and control methods: select disease-resistant varieties, carefully maintain them, control the relative humidity below 85%, pay attention to ventilation, and do not apply excessive nitrogen fertilizer. Spray 72% Kelu in time for the first onset.
aphid
Aphids occur all year round and are very harmful when they are dry. In the early stage of occurrence, especially in the vigorous development period of new buds, it needs to be eliminated as soon as possible, and spraying a variety of pesticides has a good control effect. The key spraying parts are growing points and leaf backs. Commonly used drugs are aphids and chlorpyrifos. Dichlorvos can also be fumigated with better effect, but it can't be used after flowering.
red spider
Red spider absorbs chlorophyll from leaves, which reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis of roses, spreads rapidly, and will soon damage leaves and stop plants from developing. It mostly happens in summer, and it is most likely to happen when it is dry at high temperature. At the initial stage of occurrence, 600 times of acaricide or 500 times of sharp acaricide1000 ~/kloc-0 can be sprayed, and the effect is good.
Medicinal value of roses:? Rose, clear but not turbid, harmonious but not fierce, softens the liver and wakes up the stomach, promotes qi and blood circulation, is happy and stagnates, and has no disadvantages of pungent, warm and dry. Among drugs, the most effective and obedient is the most fragrant product. [5] 。
Roses contain more than 300 chemical components, such as aromatic alcohols, aldehydes, fatty acids, phenols and oils containing essences. Eating rose products softens the liver and wakes up the stomach, promotes qi and blood circulation, and makes beauty beauty feel refreshed.
The first flower and root of rose can be used as medicine, which has the functions of regulating qi, promoting blood circulation and astringing. It is mainly used to treat irregular menstruation, traumatic injury, liver-qi stomachache and breast pain.
The pulp of rose hips can be made into jam, which has a special flavor. Fruits are rich in vitamin C and vitamin P, which can prevent acute and chronic infectious diseases, coronary heart disease and liver diseases, and prevent carcinogens.