The basic components of CNC machine tools include machining program carrier, CNC device, servo drive device, machine tool main body and other auxiliary devices. The basic working principle of each component is briefly described as follows.

1. Processing program carrier: Parts processing program is stored in a program carrier with a certain format and code, such as punched paper tape, cassette tape, floppy disk, etc. And the program information is input to the CNC unit through the input device of the CNC machine tool.

2. Numerical control device: CNC system is a position control system, which interpolates the ideal motion trajectory according to the input data, and then outputs it to the executive part to process the required parts.

3. Servo and measurement feedback system: The function of the servo system is to convert the command information received from the numerical control device into linear displacement or angular displacement of the executing part of the machine tool after power amplification and shaping.

4. Machine tool body: it is a mechanical part that automatically completes various cutting processes on a CNC machine tool.

5. Auxiliary device of NC machine tool: Auxiliary device is a necessary supporting device to ensure the full play of the functions of NC machine tool.

Extended data:

CNC machine tools have the following characteristics:

1, which has strong adaptability to processing objects, adapts to the characteristics of single-piece production of molds and other products, and provides suitable processing methods for mold manufacturing;

2. High processing precision and stable processing quality;

3, multi-coordinate linkage can be carried out to process parts with complex shapes;

4, processing parts change, generally only need to change the numerical control program, can save production preparation time;

5. The machine tool itself has high precision and rigidity, and can choose favorable processing dosage and high productivity (generally 3~5 times that of ordinary machine tools);

6. The machine tool is highly automated, which can reduce the labor intensity;

7, conducive to the modernization of production management. Numerical control machine tools use digital information and standard codes to process and transmit information, and adopt computer control mode, which lays the foundation for the integration of computer-aided design, manufacturing and management.

8. Higher quality requirements for operators and higher technical requirements for maintenance personnel;

9. High reliability.