When we say computer power consumption, we mean the total power consumption of the computer, including the power consumption of the following main devices: 1. CPU，2。 Graphics card, 3. Hard disk, 4. Motherboard, 5. Optical disk drive, 6. Memory, 7. Network card, 8. Sound card, 9. Power consumption, 10. Monitor. The following is an overview of the power supply for each device:
1.CPU: CPU is the heart of the computer and the main energy-consuming equipment of the computer. At present, the maximum power of Intel P4 mainstream CPU does not exceed 84W. For those of us who do CAD drawing, the CPU we use is mostly waiting for tasks and rarely runs at full capacity (in the task management of WINDOS2000, we can see that the CPU utilization rate is generally around 50%), so in general, the CPU works below 50W, the maximum power of P3 is above 60W, and the maximum power of P2 is above 30W. AMD's CPU generally consumes more power. However, computers are constantly developing. At present, it is said that the power of INTEL's latest model CPU is 150W, and the power consumption of the same model CPU is different in different use environments and different processing tasks. For the general office computer, because the processing task is not heavy, most of the time we use the CPU under the condition of non-full load, and the CPU power will generally not exceed 50W (in fact, most of the time we work with P4 computer, and the work we do is similar to P2, so the power consumption is not large). For those players who often need to do 3D special effects and like to play games, the CPU needs high load and high power consumption. Moreover, those computers are high-end computers, and many people love overclocking, so the CPU power should be at least 80W. Considering the need of future development, the CPU power can be 150W. Therefore, it is suggested that the CPU of advanced Internet cafes, houses and computers that need 3D should be considered as 150W (for future use). As a necessary equipment for CPU heat dissipation, the power of CPU fan can be calculated as 5W.
2. Graphics card: The graphics card is the graphics processing center of the computer. Because different groups have different requirements for graphics cards, the power consumption of graphics cards is also very different, ranging from integrated graphics cards with more than ten watts to high-end mainstream graphics cards with more than seventy watts, which are widely used. However, even the same type of graphics card, the use of different environments, power is also very different. The following is an evaluation based on GeForce6800Ultra published by Hong Kong website HKEPC: HKEPC tests with an ordinary ammeter, and then roughly calculates the power. In 2D mode, the input current of 5V is 1.86A, about 9.3W, while the input current of 12V is 1.97A, about 23.64W, that is, * * * 32.94W In 3D mode, the current amplitude is very large, which depends on the workload of the GPU and it. We use 3DMark03 to test, and the most complicated work is not the parent property of Game4, but the MutilTexture. In this test project, the input current of 5V is 3.0 1A, which is about 15.05W, while the input current of 12V is 4.50A, which is about 54W, which is ***70W. As can be seen from the above data, the gap between 2D graphics and 3D graphics of the same type of GPU is more than double. For our general office computers, because most of them use integrated graphics cards, the maximum power consumption is more than ten watts, which generally does not exceed 15W. Even if the non-integrated graphics card is used, the power will not exceed 20W, and 20W is recommended. For advanced Internet cafes, houses and computers that need to do a lot of 3D frequently, it is recommended to take 100W for future development.
3. Hard disk, hard disk is not powerful. At present, the maximum power of ST hard disk is 12.5W, while that of notebook is only about 5W. Moreover, we don't read and write data to the hard disk frequently, so the hard disk usually works with no load most of the time, and the power is only about 5W. Due to the development trend of large hard disks in the future, considering the development needs, the power of hard disks is 15W.
4. Motherboard, the motherboard itself consumes little power. Considering the future development needs, the power consumption is 20W.
5. Optical drive: The power consumption of optical drive is generally around 10W. Considering the future development, it is 15W.
6. The power consumption of memory, network card and sound card is very low. Due to the lack of specific data, the total power consumption of the three will not exceed 20W, calculated as 20W.
7. power supply. Power supply is the most critical equipment for computer operation. Without it or when it can't work normally, it will bring adverse effects and even accidents to computer operation, which is also the focus of our attention. The current is divided into two paths after passing through the rectifier and filter circuit in front. All the way is constant power, that is, the output is +5Sb, which is standby voltage, and it is supplied to the motherboard, that is, when the power supply is not started, it is used for network startup, keyboard startup and soft start, and the maximum power will not exceed 20W. But we seldom use those functions at ordinary times, so we hardly consume electricity at ordinary times. The other is a circuit that can only supply power when it is turned on, which is responsible for supplying power to various devices mentioned above, such as CPU. Also, because there is a transformer and a shaping filter circuit in the power supply, there is a certain power loss when the computer is working, as long as the power supply is connected to the circuit. The loss of the power supply itself is estimated at 5 watts.
There is also the power factor of computer power supply, which is an aspect we are very concerned about. For computers and all other electronic circuits that rely on DC voltage, it is impossible to work without reactive power. In order to make the computer circuit work normally, a smooth DC voltage must be provided. This "smoothing" work must be completed by the filter capacitor C connected behind the computer power rectifier. This filter is like a reservoir. A sufficient amount of charge must be stored in the capacitor. During half-wave gap rectification, the working voltage on the circuit is still uninterrupted and can maintain a normal level.
In other words, even when there is no input power between two pulsating half waves, the voltage level of Uc will not change significantly. This function is realized by the energy stored in the capacitor, and this part of energy stored in the capacitor is reactive power. Therefore, the computer relies on the support of reactive power to ensure the correct use of active power and realize the normal operation of the circuit.
So it can be said that computers need not only active power, but also reactive power, both of which are indispensable! A recent study in PCMagazine shows that the typical power factor of a computer is 0.65.
8. Monitor: Monitor can be counted as 100W, but with the development in the future, LCD will become more and more popular, and the power consumption of LCD is very low, below 50W.
In addition, the power of computer speakers and other peripherals can be calculated by 30W.
To sum up, the power calculation of the computer should be calculated according to different occasions and different requirements. For a general office environment, the power of a computer is roughly as follows: CPU50W+ graphics card 20W+ hard disk 15W+ motherboard 20W+ optical drive 15W+ memory 20W+ power supply 5W+ speaker 30W+ display 100W=275W, which is about 230 if speakers and optical drives are not needed.
In addition, there are many inductive loads in computer power supply, which is likely to generate induced current and leak to external equipment. When we disassemble the computer, we usually wash our hands first to release static electricity, so as not to hurt the equipment, but the resistance of human skin will decrease after washing our hands. Therefore, every time we touch the computer, we will encounter strong leakage, and the leakage current is still relatively large, and our hands will feel numb. Therefore, I think that computer sockets should be equipped with protective wires, and it is best to install leakage protection devices, especially when children may come into contact with the computer body, and more attention should be paid to the leakage protection of computers.