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Hengyang and Meng parted ways to bid farewell to reading answers

Hengyang and Meng share the farewell reading answer. It is a lyric poem written by Liu Zongyuan, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. This poem expresses a variety of emotions of the author, mainly expressing the sorrow of a bumpy fate and a bleak future. And the feeling of confusion, the following is the original text and translation appreciation of this poem~!

Original text:

Hengyang and Mengde parted ways to say goodbye

Author: Liu Zongyuan

Ten years of haggard When he arrived in Qinjing, he would have turned out to be a layman.

The old road in Fubo is windy and smokey, and the grass and trees in Wengzhong's ruins are flat.

Just use carelessness to attract material discussion, and don’t use words to occupy the time and name.

There is no need to say goodbye by the river today, and I will shed tears after a thousand journeys.

Hengyang and Mengfendilu Farewell phonetic notation:

sh? ni?n qi?o cu? d?o q?n jīng, shu? li?o fān w?i lǐng w?i h?ng.

f? bō g? d?o fēng yān z?i, wēng zh?ng y? xū cǎo sh?p?ng.

zh? yǐ yōng shū zhāo w? y?, xiū jiāng w?n z? zh?n sh? m?ng.

jīn ch?o b? y?ng l?n h? bi?, chu? l?i qiān h?ng bi?n zhu? yīng.

Hengyang and Meng parted ways to bid farewell reading answers:

(1) What are the meanings of the word "careless" in the neck couplet? Please give a brief explanation.

(2) Looking at the whole poem, what kind of thoughts and emotions does the author express in the poem? Please answer in sections.

Answer: (1) On the surface, it means that you are lazy and careless, but in fact, it implies that you are honest. His angry words showed that he would rather accept material criticism (criticism) than give in to his will.

(2)① The sadness and confusion of a bumpy fate and a bleak future. ②The anger and melancholy of a hero who has lost his way and has no way to serve his country. ③The sadness and loss of parting and not seeing each other again.

Translation of Farewell to Hengyang and Mengde:

After ten years of hard work in Yongzhou, he came to Beijing haggard and haggard; in Chang'an, he was relegated to guard the side court before his thirty years were over.

Walking on the old road of the Han Dynasty, I remember General Ma Yuan; where are the stone men in the past, and there are empty grass and wild paths.

You and I have no intention of clinging to you, and we are treacherous and sycophantic, slandering our loyal ministers; our poems and essays have caused misfortune, so I advise you to close your pen and hide your name.

Today we are separated from each other by life and death, weeping silently; why go to the river to fetch water, when the tears can be shed.

Explanation of the words "Hengyang and Mengfendi Farewell":

⑴Hengyang: in the south of Hengshan Mountain. Mengde: Liu Yuxi, a writer of the Tang Dynasty, also known as Mengde. Friend Liu Zongyuan.

⑵Ten years of languor: refers to the humiliating and painful life of being demoted for ten years. Gaunt: looking bleak, also refers to hardship. Qin Jing: Xianyang, the capital of Qin, here refers to Chang'an, the capital of Tang. The poem "Early Departure from Shaozhou" written by Tang and Song Dynasties: "Qinjing Road with green trees, Qingyun Luoshui Bridge." ?

⑶Lingwai: refers to the area south of Wuling. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty": Zhu Liang, the prefect of Jiuzhen, and Zhang Qiaowei, the governor of Jiaozhi, lured Rinan to rebel against the barbarians and surrendered, and peace was achieved outside the ridge. ?Tang Gaoshi's poem "Sending Firewood to the Household Outside the Ridge": ?Lingwai is a powerful town, and the court favors the festival. ?

⑷Fubo: The name of the Han general. Ma Yuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty was once awarded the title of General Fubo, which refers to Ma Yuan. The old path: refers to the path that General Fubo and Ma Yuan took when he led the army to attack Vietnam. Wind and smoke: wind, clouds and mist.

⑸ Weng Zhong: A giant in the Qin Dynasty. Qin Shihuang once cast a gold figure to resemble Weng Zhong. Later generations called the stone statue or tombstone Weng Zhong. Wengzhong Ruins refers to the ancient tombs of the Han and Wei dynasties on the old Fubo Road. Grass and trees are flat, that is, grass and trees are flat, which means very desolate.

⑹ Careless: Lazy and careless. This is an excuse. In fact, it means that you are unwilling to join forces with the corrupt forces. To be criticized by others: to be criticized and criticized by some people. Material discussion: discussion among the people. "The Biography of Cai Xingzong in the Book of the Song Dynasty": When Xingzong was moved, the commentator also said that his uncle wanted to stop discussing things, so he stopped. ?

⑺Time name: temporary fame. After Liu Yuxi was demoted ten years and returned to Chang'an, he wrote poems to ridicule the nouveau riche. Among them, "Thousands of peach trees in Xuandu Temple were all planted after Liu Lang left." "Gentleman") are two sentences that satirize the new rich who have gained political success due to opportunism over the years. I, Liu Yuxi, was only promoted after I was pushed out of Chang'an. Because his remarks were ridiculing, the government was displeased with him, which was one of the reasons why he was demoted again.

⑻Linhe: Go to the river. Zhuo Ying: Li Ling's poem to Su Wu contains two lines: "Lin the river, Zhuo Ying grows, and I miss you for a long time." The meaning here is that "weeping a thousand lines" can be enough to "take the tassel", so there is no need to go to the river to "take the long tassel" like Li Ling and Su Wu did when they parted.

⑼ Zhuo Ying: "The water in Canglang is clear, can I Zhuo Ying?", indicating that he and his friend Liu Yuxi (Liu Mengde) are both clear streams, not turbid currents, and do not express grievances, but others know them. Injustice.

Background of the farewell between Hengyang and Mengfen:

Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi were both awarded the title of Jinshi in the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), and embarked on official careers for more than 20 years. Since then, they have shown sincerity to each other and learned from each other's strong points to compensate for their weaknesses. They are the "double stars" in the literary world of the mid-Tang Dynasty. Mr. Sun Changwu wrote in "Critical Biography of Liu Zongyuan": "Liu Yuxi was Liu Zongyuan's closest friend in his life. He was an outstanding thinker, writer, and statesman who was comparable to Liu Zongyuan in his generation. The friendship between the two remained lifelong, and in political struggles The two countries advance and retreat together, support each other, influence each other in ideology and theory, and also discuss and learn from each other in literature. From entering the official career to the "Yongzhen Reform", from the failure of the reform to being demoted, from returning to the capital to being relegated again, they have always been in trouble and trouble. During the ten years in Yongzhou, the two had the closest friendship and the most frequent communication. In February of the 10th year of Yuanhe (815), the two of them were passengers from Yongzhou and Guangzhou respectively, returning from the north four thousand miles away. When Langzhou returned to Chang'an, he thought that the disaster was over and was full of hopes and illusions about his future. Unexpectedly, within a month, he was sent to work in a more remote Yuanzhou. In March of that year, they packed their bags, took their families, and embarked on the road south again. In terms of mentality, both of them are sad and sad. They both dream of one day making a comeback and benefiting the country. However, the court has repeatedly alienated them, and the new rich have spread rumors and slanders. Their ideals have been shattered by the cruel reality, and even if they have great talents and strategies, they are still useless. , and therefore became even more angry. Liu Zongyuan had the plan to return to his fields if the emperor's favor was promised, and become a neighbor in his old age ("Farewell Dream"), while Liu Yuxi was more low-key: "If you work hard, you will die, and everything will be fine with your yellow hair" ("Answers") "Farewell"), they have downplayed their fame and realized that a comeback is out of reach. After arriving in Hengyang, one of them went southwest to Liuzhou, and the other went south to Lianzhou. They separated on different roads, and there were thousands of words, which was very touching. Liu Mengde described the farewell scene as: "Returning to the wild geese and following them away, saddened by the broken ape" ("Give Lianzhou to Hengyang again to reward Liu Liuzhou for farewell"). After the breakup, they wrote poems to each other to express their gratitude,* ** There are six poems, including two of Qilu, two of Qijue, and two of Wujue. Each word is sentimental, every sentence is tearful, deep and depressing, sad and sad. "Hengyang and Dreams Farewell" is the first song.

Appreciation of the farewell between Hengyang and Mengde:

The first two lines of this poem include a review and a direct confrontation, ups and downs, and tears stored in it. The ups and downs, the ups and downs, the ups and downs. In just fourteen words, the two poets' rough fate over the past ten years is condensed and condensed, triggering readers' endless associations and thoughts. Reverie: After the failure of the Yongzhen Reform, the two kings and eight Sima men died and became sick. The two poets were finally lucky, they were just exposed. But for ten years he lived like a prisoner, and suffered physical and mental damage. Being an official is just a prestige, managing the people is incompetent, and running a household is extremely difficult. After the author arrived in Yongzhou, his mother and daughter died one after another. He himself became ill due to acclimatization, and the place where he lived was exposed to fire, and he was almost burned to death. He is called a sixth-grade official, but in fact he is just "Bi Ma Wen". Therefore, it is not surprising that the color is haggard and the description is haggard. After finally waiting for the emperor's grace and amnesty, I was finally able to meet my friends in Chang'an. When I saw Qin Jing together, I felt a little better. Unexpectedly, the good times did not last long. Less than a month after arriving in Chang'an, under the imperial edict, they were sent to more remote prefectures and counties to serve as governors. Who would have expected that they would be turned into outsiders? . At this moment, all hopes were in vain, disappearing in an instant like a mirage. The originally "haggard" face was covered with thick dust from the wind, making it even more "haggard". This year Liu Zongyuan was 44 years old and Liu Yuxi was 45 years old. They were in their prime years to serve the country. However, they were relegated to Yuanzhou and it would be sad for the heroes to lose their way.

The chin couplet refers to the hidden point in the story of General Fubo Ma Yuan: "The thin horse in the west wind on the ancient road", which makes people look forward to the future and shudder. The author said: I think back then, General Fubo Ma Yuan led his army to this southern expedition. He was all-powerful and majestic, with war flags and the sound of golden drums, which seemed to be visible and audible to the eyes and ears. Later generations cast him into a stone statue. , stands in front of the General Temple on the west bank of the Xiang River, just like the bronze statue of the giant Weng Zhong standing outside the gate of Xianyang Palace, for people to admire, how brilliant it is. Now when he set foot on this ancient road, he saw grass everywhere and broken walls in front of the General Temple. He burst into tears with sadness. Although it was the end of spring, he still felt the sadness of "Maoli". Things are like this, how can people be embarrassed? Thinking about his own situation and looking at the decline of the Tang Dynasty adds a bit of sadness and an extra layer of resentment. The beauty of this couplet is that it uses the past to satirize the present and expresses emotion in the scene. He writes about Fubo's demeanor and sighs about his own life experience; describes the desolation of the old road, satirizes the decline of the current dynasty, and then expresses the meaning of "gaunt". It can be said that killing two birds with one stone, the words are here and the intention is another. This couplet has lost its cohesion, and the chapter has been hastily compiled without time to revise it, or it may be that the rules are not used to harm the words, and the words are not harmed to the meaning. It is also seen that people in the Tang Dynasty knew the laws but were not bound by them.

Li Bai's poem says: "The clouds can always cover the sun, and the absence of Chang'an makes people sad." ?For Liu and Liu, the sky above their heads is not just a cloud, but a sky full of dark clouds. They are surrounded by things like ghosts, where trust is met with doubt, loyalty is slandered.

It is said that Liu Mengde languished in Qin for ten years and then wrote two poems to ridicule the nouveau riche. Among them, "Thousands of peach trees in Xuandu were all planted after Liu Lang left" ("Inherited from Langzhou in the tenth year of Yuanhe") "Summoned to the Beijing Opera and Presented Flowers to All Gentlemen") two lines of satire to describe the nouveau riche who have become more and more politically successful due to opportunism in the past ten years. He was only promoted after being squeezed out of Chang'an, and? In the Hundred-acre Court Half covered with moss, the peach blossoms are all gone and the cauliflowers are blooming? ("Revisiting the View of Xuandu") The two sentences allude to the political crisis of the imperial court, and the reality that the old favorites and the new rich are not as good as each other. Because the two poems were ridiculing, the government was displeased, so the new rich began to slander them. Suddenly, the situation suddenly changed, and bad luck came again, and the two poets were demoted again. The author told old friends that they seemed lost. "Careless" does not mean being lazy and careless, it means being straightforward, adhering to integrity, and consolidating one's nature. No wonder the newly rich are incompatible with you and me. The neck couplet is straight and sparse to attract discussion of things. Don't let the words occupy the time and name. The beauty lies in telling the truth in reverse, combining solemnity with humor, which is like ridicule and similar to ridicule. The implication is: If we can sing praises against our will, follow the trend, and write less sarcastic poems, we will not be demoted to the Southern Wilderness again.

The two last couplets express the depth of friendship and lament the sadness of life experience, pushing the emotion of the whole poem to a climax. The poet compares his separation from Liu Yuxi with the verses written by Li Ling as farewell to Su Wu when Su Wu left his country in the Han Dynasty. Compared with Su Li, "sad and long" is the same, but they don't need to "linhe" to draw water, which flows endlessly. The tears are enough to wash away the crown and shed a thousand lines of tears. This may seem absurd, but it actually makes sense. This artistic exaggeration also gives readers rich imagination and deep thinking. The two poets at that time and place had a bumpy fate and a bleak future, so they could weep; they were parted in life and death, and had no chance to see each other again, so they could weep; a hero lost his way, and had no way to serve the country, so he could weep; a new noble took power, and the country was declining, so he could weep. tear. Even "A Thousand Lines of Tears" is not enough to express the complex emotions of grief, anger, sadness, loss, attachment and melancholy. Wang Boyun: "Inaction leads to a crossroads, and the children are stained with towels". There is still encouragement in the comfort. Reading it makes people open-minded and has a high style. It can be regarded as a famous line through the ages; and the conclusion of this poem is from Su Li's farewell poem. The meaning of infinity is translated into Chinese. The last couplet expresses the difference between two heartbroken people and integrates national and family affairs into one, which is sad and lamentable. It vividly expresses the poet's true feelings. It is equally popular and has an artistic effect that makes people cry.

Comments from later generations:

1. "Gongxi Poetry Talk": Liu: "I arrived in Qinjing after ten years of haggard. Who would have expected that I would now be a layman in the mountains." ?Wang (Anshi): ?I have been separated from Jianghai for ten years. How could I have expected that I would go with my widowed sister-in-law now? ?Liu: ?It is straightforward to use sparseness and carelessness to attract material discussion. Don't use the words to take advantage of the time. ?Wang (Anshi): ?I have always used articles for polishing, but I did not respond to the wind and the moon. ?Liu:?Eleven years ago, I traveled south and returned to the north, four thousand miles away. ?Also: ?I traveled six thousand miles to the country alone, and I was thrown into the wilderness for twelve years. ?Su (Shi): ?Seven thousand miles away, there are two hairy people, one leaf body on the eighteen beaches. ?Huang (Tingjian): ?At the fifth watch, I return to my dream three thousand miles away, and I miss my loved ones twelve hours a day. ?They all coincide with each other, just because of the syntax.

2. "Yingkui Lvsui": Liu Zihou was relegated to Yongzhou Sima in the first year of Yiyou in the first year of Yongzhen. He was twenty-three years old and had no poems at that time. At the end of the tenth year of Yuanhe, an imperial edict was issued to pursue him in the capital. In March, he was appointed as the governor of Liuzhou. Liu Mengde was demoted to Sima of Langzhou with him. He was summoned and appointed as the governor of Lianzhou at the same time. The two of them offended Dang Wang Shuwen. He is also very talented, so everyone is jealous of him. Xianzong was deeply displeased with these two people. ?Sparse carelessness invites material discussion? It is not reflexive, so how sad is the last sentence? It is not far away and can be seen. If you dream of it, you will live a long life. Later generations will also despise him.

3. "Siming Poetry Talk": "Ruzi Song": The water in Canglang is clear, I can wash my tassel. ? Mencius and Qu Yuan both used this term, each with its own meaning. ?Liu Zongyuan's poem "Farewell to Liu Yuxi in Hengyang": ?Now there is no need to say farewell to the river, just hang up your tassel after a thousand journeys. ?To express resentment and sorrow is too indecent.

4. "Annotations on Tang Poems and Advocacy": This time he and Liu Yuxi arrived in Hengzhou together. In the first words, he was demoted to have been outside for ten years and described as haggard. Later, he was summoned back to Chang'an and put it to great use. How could he have expected to return to the outside of the mountains? Passing the old road of "Fubo", the wind and smoke were still there, and I saw the ruins of Weng Zhong, but the grass and trees were flat. We are lazy by nature, and we have already attracted material criticism. Our articles are highly regarded at the time, which can easily lead to greed and jealousy, so we should not use this to make ourselves too much. In the past, Li Lingyun said: "When I stand by the river and I have a long tassel, I miss you and feel sad for a long time." ?Today, I don’t have to say goodbye to my dream by facing the river. I shed a thousand lines of tears, just like the water in the river is enough to wash my tassel. Why is it love?

5. "Commentary on Tang Poetry Advocacy": He Zhuo: The road is divided and we look at each other. I can't bear to rush forward. Only the wind-smoked tobacco tree makes me feel dejected. I'm running far away in front of me, still like the clouds clinging to Li Yang. , Wen, now it is said that Xue Zhao has retreated and returned to the outside of the ridge, which is really a taboo for talented people. ?Careless? refers to the category of quatrains about looking at flowers in Xuandu.

6. "Guanhuatang Selected and Criticized Poems of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty": It is not hard to travel outside the mountains, but hard to come to Qinjing. A layman in Gai Ling is haggard and has begun again, but his inadequacy is compounded; when he arrives in Qinjing, he is haggard and has come to an end, and this is not the case if he does not seek rectification. Chant it carefully (below the first four sentences). Watching him only sing the fisherman's song "Gutan" and gently using his two words "Guanying":, you can see that the dream and the dream are really a clear stream, not a turbid stream, let alone open another mouth to the difficult opening. And the people of Qianzai have long since realized that they have been wronged and suffered (the last four sentences).

7. "Han Liu's Selected Poems": The conclusion is calm, and through the words "Linhe" and "Zhuoying", one can understand the ancient method.

8. "Review of Ying Kui Lv Sui": Ji Yun: The fifth and sixth rules are to be careful and keep secrets, to talk about the past to warn the future, not to recount the reasons for offending.

Xu Gu thinks that he is not self-reflexive and loses the meaning of his destiny. Xu Yinfang: The second couplet and the first couplet are not sticky.

9. "Yubian of Tang Dynasty": Holding Ding's hand, sobbing every word (bottom of the last two sentences).

10. "Su Xiang Essay": The most important part of any rhymed poem is knotting, especially seven words. The work of starting a sentence begins at the beginning, like "Liu Zongyuan" who has been languishing in Qinjing for ten years, who would have thought that it would be translated as "Lingwai Xing", "it is precious to finish the sentence with the words fully conveying the meaning," "Liu Zongyuan" now does not need to say goodbye by the river, and weeps a thousand lines. Then Zhuo Ying, all of them are enough to be the regular style of the generation.

Literary works of Liu Zongyuan:

Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems and essays in his life, and his literary achievements were greater than those of poetry. There are nearly a hundred pieces of parallel prose, and the ancient prose can be roughly divided into six categories.

(1) Discussion: including philosophy, political commentary and other essays mainly focused on discussion. The writing is sharp and the argument is precise. "Tian Shuo" is a representative philosophical treatise. ("On Feudalism" and "On Punishment" are representative works of long and medium-length political commentaries. "Jin Wen Gong Wen Shou Yuan Yi", "Tong Ye Feng Di Bian", "Yi Yin Wu Jiu Jie Zan" and so on are representative short political commentaries. ) has a simple materialistic component in his philosophical thought. His political thoughts are mainly manifested in the progressive social historical view that emphasizes power and the Confucian people-centered thought. But they are also influenced by Buddhism, especially when they are politically frustrated, they often look to Buddhism for spiritual relief.

(2) Fables: inherited and developed the tradition of "Zhuangzi", "Han Feizi", "Lü Shi Chun Qiu", "Lie Zi", and "Warring States Policy", and were mostly used to satirize and criticize the ugly phenomena of the society at that time. . He is innovative and creative, making good use of various animal anthropomorphic artistic images to convey philosophy or express political opinions. (Representative works include "Three Commandments" ("The Elk of Linjiang", "The Donkey of Guizhou", "The Rat of the Yong Family"), "Biography", "Zhuo Shuo" and other chapters.) Laughing and cursing, because of the shape of things, It shows a high degree of humor and satire.

(3) Biography: It inherits the tradition of "Historical Records" and "Hanshu", and also makes some innovations (representative works include "The Anecdotes of Taiwei Duan", "The Biography of Zi Ren", "The Biography of Hejian") ", "Snake Catcher's Story", etc.), some works are exaggerated and fictional based on real people and real events, like fables and novels (such as "The Story of Song and Qing Dynasties", "The Story of Planting Trees and Guo Lituo").

(4) Landscape travel notes: the most popular ones, all written after he was demoted, and the ones written by Yongzhou are even better. (Exemplary works include "The Journey to Xishan Banquet", "The Cobalt Pond", "The Cobalt Pond West Xiaoqiu", "The Story of the Xiaoshi Pond West Xiaoqiu", "The Yuan Family's Desire", "The Shi Canal", "The Stone Pond"). "Journey", "Little Rock Mountain") works not only use beautiful scenery to express one's own experiences and resentments; there are also descriptions of the author's quiet state of mind, showing that he turned to pursue spiritual sustenance in extreme depression. As for directly depicting landscapes, they may be steep and clean, or may be clear and beautiful, using exquisite language to reproduce the natural beauty.

(5) Poetry and Sao Fu: unique (representative works such as "Punishment Fu", "Min Sheng Fu", "Meng Gui Fu", "Prisoner Mountain Fu", etc., all use "Li Sao", "Nine Poems" "Chapter" style. Some express one's feelings directly, or refer to ancient times to express self-inflicted wounds, or express allegorical expressions, meditative and bitter words, which are deeply rooted in the essence of Qu Sao. Modeled after "Tian Wen" and "Qi Fa", the language is unique and profound. In addition, Liu Ji also contains many Buddhist steles, inscriptions, prefaces, poems and other works, involving Zen, Tiantai, Vinaya and other doctrines. ) There are more than 140 Liu poems in existence, all of which were written after he was demoted. The predecessors called him King Meng Weiliu together with Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Yingwu. Some of its Five Ancient Thoughts are close to Tao Yuanming's poems in content, the language is simple and natural, the style is elegant and meaningful. Other Wugu poems were influenced by Xie Lingyun. They composed exquisite words and mixed with mystical principles. They even learned from Xie poems when writing titles. But Liu's poems can contain resentment in their beauty, showing similarities but differences. Liu Shi also has rhythmic poems that are known for their generosity, sadness and health. (For example, "Climbing the Tower of Liuzhou and Sending to Zhangting to Connect the Four States" is a famous seven-rhythm poem of the Tang Dynasty, and "Snow on the River", "The Fisherman" and "Living in the Brook" are also rare works in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty).

(6) Collection of works: Liu Yuxi began to compile the collection "Collection of Mr. Hedong". There were many annotated editions in the Song Dynasty, and Han Chun's "Collected Works of Mr. Liu Xunxun" is the earliest existing edition of Liu's collection. In the Ming Dynasty, Jiang Zhiqiao compiled and annotated Liuhedong Collection. His deeds can be found in Han Yu's "Liu Zihou's Epitaph", the new and old "Tang Shu" biographies, and Wen Anli's "Mr. Liu's Chronicle".

Personal information of Liu Zongyuan:

Liu Zongyuan (773 AD to 819 AD), named Zihou, Han nationality, was from Hedong (now Yongji area in Yuncheng, Shanxi), and one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties One of the writers, philosophers, essayists and thinkers of the Tang Dynasty was known as "Mr. Liuhedonghedong". Because he died as the governor of Liuzhou, he was also called "Liuzhou". Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu were called "Han Liuyu", together with Liu Yuxi were called "Liu Liuyu", and together with Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Yingwu, they were called "Wang Mengweiliu".

Liu Zongyuan wrote more than 600 poems and essays in his lifetime, and his achievements in writing were greater than those in poetry. There are nearly a hundred parallel prose pieces. The prose is highly argumentative, sharp and satirical.

Travel notes describe the scenery, and many of them are based on "The Collection of Mr. Hedong", and the representative works include "River Dwelling", "Jiang Snow", and "The Fisherman"

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