Selection of 1. Pot: Generally, grapes are cultivated with a diameter of 1.0 feet to 1.2 feet. 65438+ 0-2 years after planting, pour into a larger pot. Under the condition of ensuring that the roots are not scattered, cut off some dead roots and over-dense roots, put them into new pots to fill the soil, water them every 3-4 years/kloc-0 times, and properly cut off the roots, so that the grapes will always grow vigorously.
2. Prepare pot soil: select nutrient soil mixed with decomposed horse manure, sheep manure 1/3 and pastoral soil (or aeolian soil), put it into the pot, pour it thoroughly, and plant it after the surface is dry and loose.
3. Planting time: you can choose 1-2-year-old grafted seedlings or cuttings with roots and plant them in February-March every year (the seedlings with roots in nutrient pots can be planted in February-April to early May-June every year).
4. Choose varieties suitable for potted plants: you can choose early-maturing and middle-maturing grape varieties with good quality and beautiful tree shape (early-maturing varieties can be cultivated twice, that is, twice a year), such as Zaoyan, Meirenzhi, Kangtai, Saba Pearl, etc., and middle-maturing varieties: rose fragrance, white banana, red perfume, Jing Ya, Jingxiu, etc.
5. Potted grapes must be placed on a sunny balcony: room temperature is above 10℃ to germinate and grow, the time temperature is not lower than 5℃, the flowering period is 25-28℃, the berry expansion period is kept at 28-32℃, and the humidity of the pot soil is kept at about 70%.
6. Water and fertilizer management: water for 3-4 days in early spring germination period 1 time; Water every 2-3 days from June to July 1 time; During the dormant period of 65438+February, water was poured with enough water 1-2 times. During germination, flowering and fruit setting, it is especially necessary to pour sheep manure 1 time on the leaves, spray ammonia, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1 time, and spray zinc fertilizer 1 time on the leaves before and after flowering.
7. Keep the vines and set the branches: 1-2 The extended vines can be reserved for the grapes planted in the current year. Grapes can have 3-4 vines extending for many years, and each vine has 1 fruiting branch every 3-4 years. There are 3-4 leaves above the ear of the fruit, and 3-4 leaves above the ear of the fruit (reserved for bearing branches in the coming year). Extend the vine to about 1 m for coring. In addition to the extension vine, the secondary branch grows 65,438+0-2 leaves for coring. If the secondary fruit is promoted, the winter buds can be forced to germinate ahead of time and do not produce leaves.
8. Shelving and binding: When the grapes are spreading and creeping in spring, insert three bamboo poles or wooden sticks with a length of about 1.3 m into the basin in a triangle shape, and tie the tops together with ropes to fix them. Then, with the growth of vines on the main side of the grapes, they are spirally or upward bound along a tripod (called a golden dragon plate and jade column frame), and attention should be paid to keeping a certain distance between vines so that each ear is exposed. In addition, you can also pull the rope to the roof of the shed on the balcony or take the room out of the balcony window.
9. Ear adjustment and yield adjustment: adjust the ear in time before flowering, and leave 1 ear for each bearing branch, and remove the rest. A pot with a diameter of 1- 1.2 feet can hold 3-5 Jin of fruit in 2-3 years, and after 4 years, a pot can hold 10-20 Jin of fruit, and the yield will be higher if the pot is larger.
10. Dormancy and overwintering: After harvesting in autumn, winter cutting is carried out. After planting 1-2 years, 1 vine is shortened by 70-80 cm, and 1 fruiting branch is shortened by 2-3 buds every 20 cm. Leave 3-4 extended vines for more than 3-4 years, and cut them short in section 8-9 (about 1 m). From 65438+February every year to 65438+1October the following year, potted grapes can be put into an empty room or a vegetable cellar above 0℃ and below 10℃ for wintering, and normal physiological dormancy can be completed in 30-45 days. Because the balcony temperature is far above 10℃ at this time, the buds can germinate, and the daytime temperature and night temperature can reach the required suitable temperature when flowering and fruit setting in April-May (the height can be adjusted by itself, and when the weather is bad, you can temporarily move to a heated room at night). Before hibernation or hibernation, water should be poured once to keep the basin soil moist.
Sir, the grapes grown in this way will be very sweet!
Question 2: How to plant vines to produce grapes, deciduous vines, grapevines and grapes?
Generally, cutting seedlings begin to bear fruit two years later, and interplanting grapes can bear fruit in the same year. That is to say, in early spring, healthy branches with a diameter of 1-2cm and a length of 40-60 cm are selected, and the epidermis with a width of about 1cm is girdled from top to bottom to the fifth or sixth bud node, and the soil basin (drainage hole) is girdled from top to bottom. Nutrients and water are supplied by the mother plant, which can blossom and bear fruit normally. After two months in the pot, the mother branches can be cut off with a knife outside the drainage hole, and all the mother branches will be cut off when the fruit is ripe in August and September.
Question 3: How to cultivate vines? The dormant period of lianas is from 65438+February to February of the following year. During this period, we should do a good job in shaping and pruning lianas, cleaning leaves, cleaning and disinfecting gardens, removing vines, digging deeply, preventing cold and erecting them.
First, shaping and pruning
1. Pruning time: Pruning can be completed in areas that are not cold in winter, 2 weeks after defoliation and before rain in February of the following year. Pruning is best carried out in areas prone to freezing injury after severe cold, and areas that need to be planted in winter can be pruned after defoliation, so as to get off the shelves in time for cold protection. Weibei area of our province should be pruned from February to 1 month in 65438, and Guanzhong area should be pruned from February to the end of February of the following year. If it is too late, it should cause bleeding, affect the tree's potential, and even cause the whole plant to die. In northern Shaanxi, pre-cutting can be carried out before covering the soil to prevent cold, and more branches and vines can be left appropriately, and then cut when unearthed and put on shelves the next year.
2. Pruning method: According to the growth of vines in this area, we should adhere to the principle of keeping more strong branches and less weak branches, too dense, sparse and sparse. The cutting length depends on the number of buds left on the fruiting mother vine. Cutting length is generally divided into three types: short branch cutting, leaving 2-3 buds, middle branch cutting, leaving 4-7 buds, and long branch cutting, leaving 7- 1 1 bud. There are also very short cuttings here, only 1-2 buds are left, which is very long.
2. Clear the garden in time: in combination with winter pruning, collect dead leaves in the garden and scattered diseased fruits, diseased ears, diseased leaves, diseased branches and tendrils discarded in the garden after picking, bury them outside the garden or burn them, so as to reduce the overwintering base of pests and diseases and reduce the harm of pests and diseases in the coming year.
Third, spraying protection: when all the rattan leaves fall platinum, clean the garden in time, spray 1-2 times, and choose 40% DuPont Fuxing 6000 times solution +90% DuPont wanling 2500 times+synergist 1500 times to clean it twice. Or 2 1% peracetic acid 9281-150 times +90% DuPont valine 2500 times+synergist 1500 times, or 5-6 Baume sulfur mixture +90% DuPont valine 2500 times. When spraying cloth, it is required to be meticulous and thoughtful, and evenly spray cloth on trees and the ground. It is best to choose sunny or cloudy morning for spraying time. This time, the drug has a good effect on the prevention and treatment of black pox, felting disease, white rot and Lepidoptera.
4. Dig deep into the garden soil: due to the wet and rainy weather this autumn, weeds are nailed and the soil permeability is poor. In addition, after years of hard work, the soil is solid, especially when picking fruits in rainy days. It is required to carry out a deep intertillage immediately, which can not only loosen the soil and conserve moisture, but also increase the permeability of the soil and promote the growth of new roots. Generally, the depth is 25-30 cm, and it should be shallow between plants and deep between rows, or it can be carried out at the same time as applying base fertilizer, and it is better to spray it without deep ploughing if conditions permit. It can discharge energy for irrigation, deep tillage and smooth surface, creating a good growth environment for high quality and high yield of grapes.
Question 4: How to grow garden grapes? 1. The ventilation and light-transmitting frame in culture mode is 2.5-3m high. If it is too high, it is not conducive to management; Too low, hindering people's activities. Build a 30 cm square grid with bamboo or wooden poles and fix it with iron wire or nylon rope. Cutting seedlings from May to July, removing semi-lignified branches with a diameter of about 0.5 cm, leaving the first half and 2-3 leaf buds. Insert into the soft sandy loam ground, underground part, leaving two buds on the ground. There is no need to fertilize the soil. Make sure you have enough water. Remove the fork in time after the height increases to ensure rapid molding and height increase. Third, when the transplanted seedlings grow to 30 cm, they can be transplanted and dug: 1 m * 1 m *60 cm base fertilizer: ring fertilizer, base fertilizer and plant ash can be used. Fertilize one layer of soil until the depth reaches 30 cm, and transplant seedlings: put the soil with seedlings in the middle of into the pit, cover it with soil and water it. Management after loading: straighten the seedlings with straight rods to make them grow upward. 3. Daily management 1 layout: leave 3-5 branches 20 cm away from the shelf surface, and leave 1 root when the branches are 30-40 cm long, so that the shelf body is covered with fertilizer in spring: spring. It is the period that determines the rate of return. Manure is the main fertilizer, 2-4 years1.5-3kg, 5- 10 years 4-5kg, 10 years or more10/5kg. Dig a small pit 30-40 cm away from the root, bury the fertilizer and irrigate it in time: the water demand is large, especially in the spring drought period. 4. Loosening soil and weeding: The purpose is to increase soil permeability and prevent soil hardening. 5. Dissolve the bud: pinch off the tip of the ear and remove the tip of the belly, in order to make the ear neat. It is necessary to remove about 1/5 leaves from the lower end of inflorescence, and cut the tips to remove tendrils. In the fruiting period, some old leaves turn yellow, which consumes nutrients and makes the shelf surface closed, which is not conducive to ventilation and light transmission. To remove the tip is to remove the tip, that is, to adjust the contradiction between growth and fruit, so that nutrition can be concentrated on flowering and fruit. It is necessary to remove the top of new shoots, tender shoots and tender leaves together, temporarily suspend the growth of branches, and ensure that the nutrient vines in the ear consume nutrients. Removal of seven gibberellins and gibberellins from soaking ears can improve fruit setting rate, increase fruit size, produce seedless fruit, promote flower bud differentiation, and improve quality and yield. When the grapes are medium-sized, 8 bags can be soaked in gibberellin solution. In the early stage of grape expansion, it can be covered with newspaper paper bags to reduce pests and birds. The size of the bag depends on the size after maturity. If the bags are picked half a month before harvesting, the grapes can be colored in a short time, and they are even and beautiful. The main pests of medicinal grapes are red spiders, moths and scale insects. Less residue, harmless to people and animals. Fertilize once every half a month from swelling. In winter, the above-ground part hibernates, and the underground part is still accumulating nutrients. Therefore, NPK compound fertilizer should be applied before winter. Start digging several reflective pits 20-40 cm away from the root. 2-3 years old 150g, 3-5 years old 250g 1 1 Mature grapes cultivated before winter are not afraid of freezing, but their roots can't stand the cold. Nutritive roots: the life roots distributed from the surface to the underground 20 cm, which are used to absorb nutrients: they are deeply distributed and are not afraid of freezing, and are used to absorb water. If the vegetative roots are destroyed, the flower buds will turn yellow and thin. In severe cases, due to lack of nutrition, the whole vine dies, and the time of soil cultivation is from winter to around, before the soil freezes. Methods: Digging began at a distance of 20 cm from the root. Cover the roots with a covering layer with a diameter of about one meter and a thickness of more than 30 cm. Note: 1, the ideal yield is 1, and the grape yield on the shelf is 7-9 kg.
Question 5: How to plant grape seedlings? Grapevine is the most suitable environment for planting: too little sunshine will be sour, too much will be too sweet. When grapes germinate in spring, they like the temperature of 7~ 12 degrees, so there can be no frost and hail. When the grape branches grow, the temperature is preferably between 20-25 degrees, neither too hot nor too cold, but also sunny; In autumn, grapes begin to ripen, and the ideal temperature is 20~25 degrees, which is cool and pleasant.
The growth period of vines depends on planting techniques, as well as the use of fertilizers and fruit yield. It also includes measures such as tree species, natural environment and protection. Grapes begin to grow after three years of planting, and then germinate, blossom and bear fruit every year.
Grape planting management technology;
(1) Fertilization
There are mainly base fertilizer and topdressing, which are used to protect or compensate the nutrients needed for grape growth and also to prevent and control pests and diseases. Fertilizers mainly include phosphorus, potassium, boron, urea and other fertilizers, and organic fertilizers such as river mud can also be used.
(2) Pest control
Similar pests only occur for one generation (June-August) in the north, and may only occur for two generations in the south. The main pest species are moth larvae, with green body and yellow antennae, commonly known as bean worms or bean Dan; Grape longicorn larva with purple, gray or dark green stripes.
(3) Pruning
From 1 1 month, the grape leaves began to turn yellow and fall. In winter, grape growers in cold areas must cover their roots with soil to prevent the vines from freezing to death. In order to slow down the aging of grapevines and control the grape yield, it is necessary to prune them from winter to March every year, and the lignified grapevines must be pruned into the required shape according to different pruning systems. Vines that die in the middle of the year must also be replanted in winter.
Pruning method:
The most important job of pruning is winter pruning. Because the vines can't be harvested until at least the third year after planting, the pruning work in previous years mainly focused on cutting out the shape of the pruning system, and the pruning of grape production began after the third year. Because of the complexity of pruning, it can only be done manually. There are hundreds of bracts on vines before pruning every year. Grape growers prune according to the pruning system and the number of bracts that each vine must keep to control the yield. Because if some bracts are not removed, not only the quality of the grapes produced is not good, but also the aging speed of the vines will be accelerated.
The essence of grape planting is to balance the growth of grape branches and leaves and the growth of grape fruits. On the one hand, there should be enough leaves for photosynthesis to make nutrients, on the other hand, the leaves should not be too lush to consume the nutrients needed for grape growth. Pruning and pruning vines is an important way to maintain this balance. In order to match different grape varieties and natural environment, the pruning system has developed many different styles to meet the needs. Each pruning system has its own unique pruning method, branch and vine binding method and various suitable planting techniques.
(4) grafting
Grape grafting technology has two main functions:
On the one hand, the summer growth is vigorous, the flower buds are well differentiated, and the full branchlets can also produce spikes. The leaves are upright, the color is dark green, the photosynthetic efficiency is high, the cultivation management is easy, and the cultivation effect is good. It can be propagated by cutting or grafting.
On the other hand, new varieties can be cultivated.
(5) Transplantation technology:
Grape seedlings, that is, vines, pass their infancy in 5-6 years. Transplant from the root with mound, and don't hurt the taproot. Transplanting in autumn is the most suitable. Climb out of the vine, knock off the twigs, collect the soft branches to be erected in the next year, arrange them together with strings and float in the place to be transplanted.
The first ten years were in infancy, the roots were not very deep, and the grapes produced were relatively single. In the past 30 years, the vines have grown into adults, and the vines have gradually entered the full-fledged mass production period, and because the roots have gradually penetrated into the ground, they have brought rich minerals to the grapes. At this time, the color and sweetness of grapes are very rich, so the brewed wine begins to show the unique character and aroma of this variety. After the life span of the vine began to enter the fortieth year, it began to enter the aging period, and the vitality of the vine began to decline gradually. However, due to the decrease in yield, the grapes produced are more intense in color and taste. Because vines are deeply rooted and have different varieties, fibrous roots have penetrated into the stratum for more than ten or twenty meters. ...& gt& gt
Question 6: How to plant grapes/grape cultivation management techniques
First, posture. Grape is a perennial vine fruit tree, which needs to be shed to maintain a certain space and fruit shape and obtain a higher yield. Put it up in the first year, and you can't climb it smoothly. There are several common postures.
1. Hedge frame: The surface of the frame is vertical to the ground and looks like a fence wall. At present, single-wall hedgerows are mostly used, the height of which is more than 2 meters. A column can be erected every 4-5 meters, and a lead wire of 12- 14 can be drawn on it every 40 cm. The first lead is 50-55cm from the ground. The upright posts at both ends are slightly inclined outward, and anchor stones are set to tighten the lead wires. This kind of frame has good ventilation and light transmission, high sugar content in fruit and convenient close planting. Row spacing of 2-2.5m and plant spacing of 0.5- 1.5m ... can realize early high yield; Soil management, pest control and pesticide application are convenient, which is convenient for mechanization; Easy to update; Disadvantages are: small shelf area, low yield potential, difficult to exceed 5000 kg per mu, easy to get sunburned, not suitable for longan and other tree-strong varieties.
2. Inclined scaffolding: There are two kinds.
Large scaffolding: the row spacing is more than 6 meters, the spacing between horizontal columns is about 2 meters, and there are generally 4-5 rows of columns in the horizontal direction. The first row of columns is about 1 m away from the grape plants, with a height of 60-70 cm, the second row of columns is 1.5 m, and the third row of columns is 2.3 m, so that the tops of 1-3 rows of columns are in a straight line. The standard is that pedestrians can't touch their heads under the ear droop frame. The advantages of this kind of frame are that it can make use of complex terrain, easy to borrow soil in winter, high yield, and great potential for increasing production after a large number of fruits are hung. The disadvantages are: long plastic years, low yield in the early stage, inconvenient going up and down in cold weather, difficult to update, and high requirements for fertilizer and water conditions. Suitable for areas with high management level.
Small scaffolding: the row spacing is less than 6 meters, and the construction method is the same as that of large scaffolding. Its advantage is that grapes will cover the surface of the frame soon and realize early high yield; It is easy to maintain moderate tree potential, the yield is relatively stable, and it is convenient to go up and down. The disadvantage is that it is not conducive to mechanized management.
3. Large horizontal scaffolding
Suitable for garden cultivation. Planting grapes in the garden can not only increase income, but also beautify the environment, killing two birds with one stone. Generally, large scaffolding is used, which takes up more space and occupies less space, including the space on the roof. It is best to put the grapes on the foundation 3.6 feet south, 2 meters south of the main room. Such a grape trellis should not be used as a window, and a wide foundation can be planted on the east side of the garden, 7-8 meters away from the front eaves, and climbed to the west. Longan and rose fragrance are the best varieties. When planting grapes in the back of the house, it should be no less than 7 meters away from the back eaves, otherwise it will be difficult to fight in the house, which will affect the growth results. The angle of placement should be flexibly controlled according to the distance from the planting point to the back eaves, which can generally be controlled at about 35-40 degrees. The angle from the house can be smaller and the distance from the house can be larger, but the branches must extend into a gentle slope to avoid turning to death. The height of the house shelf is about 1 m. The standard is that people squat down and their ears droop, which is not in line with management. If the roof is not used, the frame surface should be higher than the courtyard wall to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and reduce diseases.
2. Plastic surgery. The purpose of shaping is to make the branches and spikes distribute reasonably on the frame surface, make full use of space and improve the photosynthetic performance of leaves.
1. Multi-vine natural fan
Suitable for all kinds of scaffolding. It is usually used in areas and hospitals with high levels of fertilizer and water management. Its advantages are that long pruning is often used in the early stage, and the shelf surface expands quickly, which can make full use of space and obtain early high yield. The maximum yield of a five-year-old single frame can reach 1000 kg.
Many main vines are naturally fan-shaped There are 3-4 main vines in a hole (6-7 in the yard at most), and then the main vines are divided into lateral vines, and the distance between the vines on the same side is about 2 meters. Each main vine is equipped with 14- 16 lateral vines, which are fan-shaped and distributed on the shelf. In the early stage (1-5 years), the pruning is mainly long, and after molding, it is mainly medium and short. The molding process is as follows:
In the first year of winter cutting, leave 3-4 buds at the base of seedlings (annual cutting seedlings) for cutting.
After germination in the second year, the buds are fixed when 4-5 leaves grow. Bud selection should be based on the number of surviving plants per hole and the number of main vines planned to be reserved. For example, it is planned to reserve three vines in each hole, one surviving, three buds, two surviving, and two buds and one bud for three. Erase all other useless buds. When pruning in winter, leave 3/4-4/5 mature parts for each main vine, one pair for every 30-50 cm on the same side, and 1-3 buds.
After germination in the third year, each 3-meter-long main vine should leave 2-3 buds within 2 meters at the top, and the useless buds should not be wiped off, and the ears can be left or less, which is beneficial to the growth of the tree. Cut off 3/4-4/5 of the mature part of the main vine in winter. The new lateral tendrils of the mature part of 1 were cut off >>
Question 7: How to plant rootless vines If the root system is too small, in order to maintain a proper root-shoot ratio, the main vines on the ground should be pruned a lot, leaving only 1 main vine and cutting it short at the strong buds; If it is a perennial, it can be returned to Sichuan in the trunk of 1 m. When planting, pour enough water, sprinkle 5 cm of dry soil on the tree tray the next day to keep it moist, and then water it a week later. Survival in this way is basically not a problem.
Question 8: How do you grow grapes at home? What fertilizers are commonly used? How to grow grapes at home:
First choose a flowerpot, not too small. When the fruit seedlings grow, you can use a smaller pot first, but as the vines grow, the soil and nutrients are too small to keep up. Choose at least one basin with a diameter of more than 30cm. In order to increase air permeability, some coarse sand can be added to the soil.
It is best not to close the basin. I tried to grow a grape in a porcelain basin. For two years in a row, the grapes didn't grow at all. I checked the soil in the basin and found it difficult to dry after watering. After the rain, the basin was filled with mud for a long time. Therefore, it is not conducive to the development of grape roots.
Don't plant two grapes or one grape with other fruit trees and plants. I planted two grapes together, and some small vegetables were planted in the open space next to them. Then this pot of grapes is almost fruitless, and you really can't be greedy. And the weeds inside should be cleaned up.
Don't water it too much. If you put it on the balcony, you must pay attention to this problem. The outdoor one is a little better. Because the balcony itself is not ventilated enough, if the soil is too wet, the evaporation is also small. Grapes themselves can't drink that much water, which will only increase its burden.
When putting up a shelf, you don't need an iron or a shelf with fast heat transfer, especially in summer? At the high temperature at noon, it will turn red, which will easily burn the grape branches and make the original green vines wither and turn yellow.
Fertilization should be increased in the peak season of grape growth. In the spring, I saw an elder sister, who put organic fertilizer in the foam box for growing grapes and cooked her own leftovers. Grapes grow very vigorously and have a lot of fruits. However, at the flowering stage, it will be difficult to let the flowers fall and the fruit not hang if you apply less chemical fertilizer or add more water.
Soil is very important, so loosen it regularly. But be careful not to hurt your roots. If you see that the soil in the basin is as hard as stone, you should dig out the vines and replant them. Or replace it with loose, breathable and nutritious humus soil. Add enough decomposed fertilizer as base fertilizer. Grapes will grow well next spring.
If you think the total length of grapes is not good, you can consider changing pots or changing soil. Prune branches in winter. But that large-scale grape base needs pruning. If it is planted at home, it will not grow so luxuriantly. If it's on the terrace or roof, you can trim it a little. Promote more new branches in the coming year.
Methods and time of grape fertilization:
It is best to apply base fertilizer immediately after grape picking. If it is not applied in time, it can also be applied during the dormant period of grapes. Fertilization is mainly based on organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to the tree potential (nitrogen fertilizer can be omitted if the tree potential is too strong, and more nitrogen fertilizer can be applied appropriately if the tree potential is weak). The application method of base fertilizer is to ditch along one side of vine, and be careful not to be too close to the tree, so as not to damage the roots too much and affect the growth of grapes.
Grapes need more nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, which need to be supplemented in time during the growth of grapes. When topdressing nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, they are generally applied in shallow ditches, and the fertilization time is in the bud expansion period, the initial flowering period, the period when the fruit is bean-sized after flowering, and the initial coloring period of grapes and berries.
Question 9: How to grow grapes? Grape cultivation 1. scaffold
Grape is a perennial vine fruit tree, which needs to be shed to maintain a certain space and fruit shape and obtain a higher yield. Put it up in the first year, and you can't climb it smoothly. There are several common postures.
1. Hedge frame: The surface of the frame is vertical to the ground and looks like a fence wall. At present, the single-wall hedge frame is mostly used, and the frame height is more than 2 meters. Suitable for large-scale planting.
2. Inclined scaffolding: it is suitable for large-scale cultivation and can be divided into two types.
Large scaffolding: the row spacing is more than 6 meters, the horizontal column spacing is about 2 meters, and there are generally 4-5 rows of columns in the horizontal direction.
Small scaffolding: the row spacing is less than 6 meters, and the construction method is the same as that of large scaffolding.
3. Large horizontal scaffolding
Suitable for garden cultivation. Planting grapes in the garden can not only increase income, but also beautify the environment, killing two birds with one stone. Second, plastic surgery
The purpose of shaping is to make the branches and spikes distribute reasonably on the frame surface, make full use of space and improve the photosynthetic performance of leaves.
1. Multi-vine natural fan. Suitable for all kinds of scaffolding.
Many main vines are naturally fan-shaped There are 3-4 main vines in a hole (6-7 in the yard at most), and then the main vines are divided into lateral vines, and the distance between the vines on the same side is about 2 meters. Each main vine is equipped with 14- 16 lateral vines, which are fan-shaped and distributed on the shelf. In the early stage (1-5 years), the pruning is mainly long, and after molding, it is mainly medium and short.
2. Natural fan shape. Suitable for hedgerow cultivation. Generally, there are 3-5 main vines, which are fan-shaped and distributed on the shelf surface. Evenly arrange side vines on the main vines, properly select the fruiting mother vines on the main vines and side vines, and carry out long, medium and short mixed pruning.
3. Dulong trunk and Shuanglong trunk are extremely short and slightly plastic.
3. Gan Long is simple in shaping, easy to master, stable in yield, neat in ear and grain, and suitable for various racks. It is characterized in that there are no lateral vines, and the fruit vines are directly planted on the main vines. The main vine spacing is 50 cm, resulting in vine spacing 15-20 cm.
4. Multi-main rattan fan. It is different from the natural fan with many main vines in that there is no auxiliary vine. The main vine spacing is 50 cm, resulting in the mother branch spacing 15-20 cm. The mother vine bears 7- 10 per meter, and grows 14-20 per meter. Use long, medium and short mixed pruning. Suitable for small scaffolding. Third, pruning
Grape pruning can be divided into winter pruning and summer pruning. Pruning in winter is completed from the first ten days of 165438+ 10 to the last ten days of 165438+ 10, and pruning in summer refers to pruning in the growing period.
1. Winter scissors. The purpose is to cut off pests and diseases, immature vines and renew weak vines, adjust plant load, improve fruit quality and prolong economic life. There are three methods of pruning in winter, namely thinning, short cutting and regeneration, which are generally carried out simultaneously on the same plant.
(1) refinement. Removing vines with different bases can inhibit the former, promote the latter, improve landscape conditions and improve fruit quality. Be careful not to remove the opposite tendrils at the same time, and don't let the wound get too close, so as not to hinder the transport of nutrients and cause the decline of yield and quality.
(2) Take shortcuts. According to the pruning length, it is divided into long, medium and short (extremely short) pruning. Cut the long section into 8- 12, the middle section into 4-7, and the short section into 1-3. Because of the different fruiting habits of different varieties, the methods adopted are also different. Longan has good fruiting branches at nodes 5-9, and new vines growing from basal buds often have no ear, so pruning is mainly long (middle). Most of the new vines germinate from the bud eyes of different parts of Rose fragrance and Kyoho, and have fruit ears. They are often pruned with long, medium and short pruning, or short and extremely short pruning.
Longer pruning is easy to choose the best bud fruit; Cutting the length is beneficial to the expansion of the frame surface and the output can be obtained in advance; The main vine is slender, which is conducive to burying the soil to prevent cold. But if the management level is not improved, the load will be too heavy, which will affect the quality. Short pruning is beneficial to nutrient concentration, good fruit quality, easy to update and easy to master technology. But it is difficult to bury branches in thick soil to keep out the cold, and it is also difficult to update big branches.
Therefore, winter pruning should be based on variety characteristics, site conditions and management level to decide which method to adopt.
(3) Updating and pruning the mother vine. In order to prevent the load-bearing part from rising, resulting in baldness at the lower part, the mother vine should be constantly updated. The method is that after the fruiting mother vines germinate in spring, the new ones with good lower parts are selected as the fruiting mother vines for cultivation in the next year, and they are taken back during cutting in winter. However, due to the influence of the top advantage, the lower vines are weak and difficult to renew. The solutions are as follows: firstly, properly prune the newly updated vines in winter, and secondly, keep the newly updated vines and leave less fruits in summer that year.
(4) Residual amount of fruiting mother vines in winter. According to 1 fruiting vine, two fruiting vines were produced, with each fruiting vine bearing 1 ear, with an average of 0.7 kg per ear. If you produce 7 kilograms of fruit per square meter, there will be 5 fruiting vines per square meter.
Another method is to calculate new cents per square meter 14-20 ... >; & gt