Passion flower, also known as passion fruit and egg fruit, is a perennial evergreen climber, native to southern Brazil. It is evergreen, with strange leaves and bright colors. The fruit is an oval berry, which is mainly processed into juice. Moderate sweet and sour, unique flavor and rich nutrition. It has the reputation of "king of juice" and has broad development prospects.

First, choose a garden

Passion fruit has wide adaptability and can be planted in front of and behind houses, scattered homesteads, mountains and roadsides. It is more suitable to choose gentle slope or flat land with convenient transportation, leeward and sunny, deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good irrigation and drainage conditions as the cultivation base.

Passionflower is suitable for planting in areas with the lowest temperature above 0℃ in winter, and the most suitable growth temperature is 20 ~ 30℃. In winter, the temperature in the greenhouse should not be lower than 8℃, and it will freeze to death if it is lower than -2℃. If the temperature is kept above 65438 05℃ in winter, passion fruit can blossom and bear fruit normally. When the temperature exceeds 30℃ in summer, the fruit setting rate is obviously reduced, and even it does not blossom and bear fruit. The optimum humidity is 55% ~ 70%, and it is appropriate to keep the humidity at 55% ~ 65% during flowering.

Second, planting

1. Passion fruit can be propagated by sowing and cutting vines. Because of its many seeds and high germination rate, seed propagation is often used in production. It is best to sow in spring and autumn and transplant when the seedlings grow four true leaves.

2. Planting time. Passion fruit can be planted all year round, but February-March is the best. The economic cultivation period is 4 ~ 5 years. After harvesting in the fifth year, the old plants should be cut down and completely renewed.

3. Planting density. The row spacing of cultivated plants in fertile land is generally 3 m× 4 m, and 56 plants are planted per mu; Mountainous areas can be densely planted appropriately. The row spacing of cultivated plants is 3m× 3m, and 75 plants can be planted per mu.

4. Planting method. Two months before planting, dig a planting pit with the length, width and depth of 50cm× 50cm× 40cm. When digging a hole, pile the topsoil and subsoil separately, dry them after digging the hole and let them weather for a period of time. Before planting, 1 month, fill the pit and apply base fertilizer. When backfilling, lay a layer of green manure and straw at the bottom of the hole; The topsoil of each hole in the middle layer is mixed with 30 kg of farm manure +0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate+1 kg of peanut bran, and evenly filled to the depth of 3/4 holes; Topsoil is put on the upper layer, so that the hole soil is 10 cm higher than the surface, and then a layer of core soil is backfilled.

1 month later, choose cloudy day or sunny day after rain. When planting, first dig a small hole with a depth of 20 cm in the hole, straighten the passion fruit seedlings so that their main roots extend vertically in the hole, and then fill them in layers and tamp them. Make a tree tray with a diameter of about 50 cm around the fruit seedlings, then water the roots and cover them with straw to keep the soil moist.

Third, fertilizer and water management

1. Fertilization. In the early stage of fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used to promote plant growth. After planting, the root system begins to grow 10 ~ 15 days, and 0.5% urea solution or diluted human excrement can be applied, and then 1 time every 20 days, and 5 kg of decomposed human excrement or 0. 15 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied to each plant each time. Spraying 0. 1% urea +0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 15 ~ 20 days to promote plant growth. Before flowering, 0. 1 ~ 0.2kg potassium fertilizer and 0. 15% urea solution were applied to each plant every month to promote flower bud differentiation. When the fruit expands, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately increased, that is, 0.2 kg of urea and 0.2 kg of potassium fertilizer can be applied to each plant, and the specific amount can increase or decrease with the size of the tree. At the same time, foliar spraying 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate +0.5% urea +0.2% boron, zinc and calcium fertilizer solution. Nutrition should be supplemented in time after fruit picking, and 0.3 kg urea can be applied to each plant. The best period of fertilization in dormant period is from the end of 165438+ 10 to the middle of 10, with mainly decomposed organic fertilizer, which can be combined with 20-30kg farmyard manure, 0.6kg urea, 0.7- 1.0kg phosphate/kloc-. In winter, clear the garden and dig deep into the soil, bury weeds and fallen leaves in the garden, and sprinkle 25 ~ 30 kilograms of lime per mu at the same time.

2. Water resources management. Passion fruit is a shallow-rooted plant, which likes to be moist, avoids water accumulation and is afraid of drought. Pay attention to timely drainage during flowering and fruiting period, and the border surface should be high and flat to prevent local water accumulation caused by uneven border surface. Irrigation must be done in time in dry season. During the flowering and fruiting period of passion fruit, especially in the high temperature season from July to August, if it is sunny for 2 ~ 3 days or not soaked in water for 5 ~ 7 days, irrigation should be considered. Irrigation can be carried out in the morning or evening until the soil is wet, and sprinkler irrigation is better for orchards with conditions. In areas where water resources are scarce, the soil can be loosened in time after the rainy season, and the garden soil can be covered with plastic film.

Fourth, plastic trimming.

1. Set up scaffolding. Passion fruit is a vine, which can grow normally only if it is supported by scaffolding (cement columns, wooden columns, bamboo poles, iron wires, etc.). ). Generally, the shed height is1.8 ~ 3.0m. Horizontal or arched scaffolding is often used in production.

2. Young tree shaping. After the passion fruit seedlings resumed growth, they were smeared with buds 1 time every 5 days to make the main vines grow fast and stout. When the main vine grows to 40 ~ 50 cm, it is necessary to insert columns in time to guide the main vine to the shelves. When the main vine grows to 70 ~ 80 cm, two lateral vines are left as the first main vine. When the main vine reaches the shed, cut off the terminal bud, let it grow lateral vines, and let the lateral vines grow evenly in all directions. After the lateral vines are full, the top is broken. Lateral vines tend to have one branch on each side to facilitate early fruiting. During this period, all the lateral branches and sprouting branches below 80 cm of the main vine before reaching the scaffolding should be cut off or smoothed.

3. Old tree shaping. The shoots germinated after fruit picking in the previous year will produce fruiting vines at all nodes above the middle. Last year, we should leave more fruit-bearing branches, but in order to prevent the shed surface from being too dense, we should prune the fruits as soon as possible after picking, and finish them at the latest at the beginning of 10/0. Keep vines according to the two main branches, the branches near the main branches are covered with fruits first, and after the fruits are ripe and harvested, they are pruned to 2-3 nodes immediately, and the buds sprouting at the base of the main branches can form new fruiting branches. After harvesting the last batch of fruits in winter, all the fruiting branches are cut off from the base, leaving only 1 ~ 2 leaves.

Passion fruit should not be pruned again. If it is excessively pruned, the main vine will wither gradually, and in severe cases, the whole plant will die. Generally, after harvesting, 3 ~ 4 short sections should be left on each side of vines to promote their re-growth. At the same time, in summer, the branches that grow too densely should be pruned, or the vertical branches that are 20 ~ 30 cm above the ground should be pruned to maintain good ventilation.

Five, pest control

1. The main diseases of passion fruit are damping-off, mosaic, Fusarium wilt, stem rot and anthracnose. The following measures can be taken in production: (1) Do a good job of drainage to prevent water accumulation in orchards, especially in low-lying orchards. (2) After the fruits are harvested, the diseased branches, leaves and fruits are removed from the garden and burned in combination with pruning and clearing the garden, so as to reduce the source of diseases. (3) After discovering the disease, use drugs to prevent and treat it in time. 800 times of Miao Jundi solution or 500 times of thiram solution can be used to control seedling damping-off, 1500-2000 times of Viralin solution or 2000-2500 times of fungicide solution to control mosaic disease, 600-800 times of propineb solution to control epidemic disease and 800 times of carbendazim solution to control stem rot.

2. Pests of passion fruit mainly include aphids, red spiders, fruit flies, mites and scale insects. Generally, dimethoate 500 times or imidacloprid 800 times is used to control aphids, agricultural land pesticide 1000 times or acaricide 2000 times is used to control red spiders and mites, 90% trichlorfon 500 times is used to control fruit flies, and Lepen 800 times is used to control scale insects.