Poems on the Dyke by Ding Jie in Qing Dynasty.

Original text:

Wan Li's river closure is slim, and the battlefield is like a frost.

The sound outside Helan Mountain is moving, and the grass at the head of Yalu River is yellow.

Most of the southern beauties are in the north, and half of the celebrities in the Central Plains are in Liaoyang.

If the king sympathized with the hardships of the border court, he would have given it to the golden rooster and the white wolf.

Translation:

The vast area north of Hanguguan is full of endless deserts and wasteland. The soldiers who fought, defended the city and the border during the riots, and the refugees who were sent out of the fortress have not returned their frosty black hair. These soldiers, refugees and scholars are all from the side of Helan Mountain in the west to Chengtou of Yalu River in the east. They gave their youth and life.

Liaoyang is the exile place of celebrities, with thousands of people beyond the Great Wall. If the state has pity and sympathy for the hardships of these soldiers and immigrants, it should reward them as soon as possible, release these immigrants and let them return to their hometowns and roots.

Extended data

In the early Qing dynasty, the rulers cruelly suppressed the Han intellectuals for the need of imprisoning their thoughts and maintaining their rule. Especially in the Shunzhi, Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties in the early Qing Dynasty, a large number of scholars from the Central Plains and the South of the Yangtze River were punished and implicated for political struggles, court party struggles, literary inquisitions and the expansion of criminal cases, and they were exiled to the Northeast one after another, forming the largest floating population in the history of China feudal society.

Because the "Left-wing League" prevailed in the Qing Dynasty, that is, one person broke the law and the nine clans were destroyed, so people who were married and had children were often sent to the garrison, and one person was convicted of family exile, ranging from a few people to hundreds of people, covering a wide range of areas.

Bin Yang, who visited his exiled father YueYang in Ningguta during the Kangxi period, said with emotion in "A Brief Introduction to Liu Bian": "When it is the name of China, Qing Dynasty will follow." The History of Northeast China, edited by Tong Dong, said: "There are about 40,000 to 50,000 immigrants who were really sent away for crimes, and there are about 100,000 family members ... This is a very large number, accounting for four to five of the total population in Northeast China in the middle of Qianlong."

There are hundreds of well-known scholars in such a large exile group, many of whom were famous before they went into exile. After exile, they still studied and wrote hard in a difficult environment, leaving considerable works and precious heritage for future generations. Although many of these works have been lost, there are still nearly 10 thousand poems to be seen so far.

According to Mr. Zhang Yuxing's Notes on Selected Poems of Exiled Poets in Northeast China in Qing Dynasty, there are 48 authors and 558 poems, among which 19 exiled poets have poems handed down from ancient times. These exiled poets are both famous masters and ordinary scribes; There are students who know the world well and talented women who are comparable to Yi 'an.

Ding Jie, a poet in Kangxi Dynasty, was deeply touched by this situation, and wrote "Poems on Embankment" as a discipline. The poem not only shows the high number and status of exiles, but also depicts the desolation of the northeast border court and the desire of exiles to be forgiven and return to their hometown.

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