1 Select strong seedlings, dig high-yield ditches and carefully plant them.

When building the garden, we should choose the stout first-class winter jujube seedlings with a height of about 1.5 m, a ground diameter of more than 1.2 cm and more lateral roots, so as to ensure the integrity of the root system and plant them with the seeds. Before planting, the injured root should be repaired, and the root width should be 30-40 cm. Then soak in 50× 10-6 ABT rooting powder solution 1- 1.5 hours, and then dip in mud for planting. The plant spacing should be controlled at 2-2.5m× 3-3.5m .. 76- 100 plants, with a planting area of 667 square meters. According to the planting spacing, dig 60 cm wide. In a high-yield ditch with a depth of 80 cm, the topsoil and subsoil are stacked separately. Spread 5 cm thick wheat straw at the bottom of the ditch, then mix the soil mixed fertilizer with the topsoil, backfill it evenly in the ditch, and finally water and compact it. Generally, 5000 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to 667 square meters. After planting winter jujube, fill it with water and then cover it with soil to keep it moist.

2. Plastic film mulching can increase temperature and preserve moisture, and promote rooting and vigorous growth.

One of the main reasons why jujube trees do not germinate for a long time and it is difficult to turn green is the lack of water and low ground temperature. Plastic film mulching is an effective measure to increase temperature and conserve moisture and promote rooting and prosperity. Water the jujube seedlings after planting, loosen the soil after the water seeps out, and cover them with plastic film to keep them moist. Plastic film can be used to cover the tree tray, which has good heat preservation and moisture retention and promotes root growth of winter jujube.

3 Trim feature

Through experiments, the best tree shape for early high yield should be trimmed by pulling carving, that is, the winter jujube seedlings planted in the field should not be fixed to dry, but should be pulled along the line to be nearly parallel to the ground before germination, so as to slow down the growth advantage at the top of the trunk and enhance the nutrient accumulation in the middle and lower parts. Then on the back of the curved trunk, at a height of about 40 cm from the ground, select the secondary branches with suitable orientation and vigorous growth, and cut them off at the position of 1 cm above the bud. Temporarily hindered the upward transport of nutrients and cytokinins, and at the same time hindered the downward transport of endogenous gibberellin at the tip of branches, thus promoting the germination of main buds under the wound into jujube heads. In the second year, above a certain distance, the new jujube head is pulled and scratched in the opposite direction, and the tree shape is cultivated by pulling and carving. The purpose is not only to keep the first branch of jujube transformed into main branch and fruiting branch, but also to promote the growth of the first branch of new jujube, increase the number of branches and leaves, and make it bear fruit early. This method has been applied in the dense planting and high yield demonstration garden of winter jujube in our station. When winter jujube seedlings were planted that year, the next year's fruit was 1.33 hectares of winter jujube orchard, with row spacing of 2m× 3m and average yield of 2.78kg per mu.

4. Strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water.

The management of soil, fertilizer and water is the foundation. The growth of branches and leaves of winter jujube is synchronized with flower bud differentiation, flowering and fruiting, with large flowers and long flowering period, which requires more nutrition. It is particularly important to strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water.

4. 1 intertillage weeding, loosening soil and conserving moisture.

Jujube trees planted in high-yield ditch have shallow roots, and weeds compete with jujube trees for nutrients and water. The jujube orchard should be cleared several times a year to weed and loosen the soil. The depth of intertillage is 6- 10 cm, and the sprouted seedlings under the tree should be pulled out in time to save nutrients, enhance the tree vigor, keep the jujube orchard clean, loose soil and good air permeability, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

4.2 Applying base fertilizer in autumn

In autumn, basal fertilizer should be applied in September-165438+10, and the earlier it is applied, the better, because the higher ground temperature is beneficial to the decomposition and decomposition of fertilizer, the root system is active, and the injured root is easy to heal and generate new roots. Farm manure is applied to 2-4-year-old trees by 30-50kg, to 5-7-year-old trees by 50-70kg, and to 8-year-old trees by 70-150kg in full fruit.

4.3 Topdressing

It is carried out during the growth and development period of winter jujube trees, mainly using chemical fertilizers. According to the phenological characteristics of jujube trees, it is generally carried out three times in 1 year. The first time 1 time is before germination (early April), the second time is before flowering (middle and late May), and the third time is the young fruit expansion period (late June to early July). Young trees are mainly topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, and the mixing ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.5: 0.6.

4.4 foliar spraying fertilizer

In order to supplement nutrition, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed 3-4 times a year, including 0.3%-0.5% urea solution or potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, or 0.3% urea mixed solution, rare earth fertilizer and trace fertilizer produced in Tianjin.

4.5 Irrigation

Generally, water is poured three times a year/kloc-0, that is, before germination, before young fruits swell and before freezing. Don't irrigate when it is in full bloom. Irrigation in full bloom will cause a large number of flowers to fall, and the fruit setting rate will be significantly reduced.

5. Three effective methods were used to improve the fruit setting rate.

The low fruit setting rate of winter jujube itself restricts the development of winter jujube industry to some extent. In order to improve the fruit setting rate of winter jujube, the following three effective methods are briefly introduced:

5. 1 spraying gibberellin at flowering stage

By contrast, spraying 25 mg/L gibberellin at the early flowering stage in June can minimize flower dropping and obviously improve the fruit setting rate.

5.2 Spray 0.5% borax.

Adding 0.5% borax when spraying gibberellin can promote pollen tube germination and improve pollination and fertilization rate.

5.3 girdling

The main branches or trunk of winter jujube are peeled in a ring shape at flowering stage, and the peeling width is about 0.5 cm, peeling 1 time, reaching the xylem directly. Young trees and weak trees should be thinned, with a width of 0.24-0.3 cm, while flourishing trees and big trees can be slightly wider, preferably 0.3-0.6 cm. The position of girdling is staggered alternately from bottom to top every year. By girdling, the nutrients in the upper part of the crown can be prevented from being transported downwards, and the accumulation of nutrients in the crown can promote the development of jujube fruit and improve the fruit setting rate.

Through the simultaneous application of the above three measures, high and stable yield can be obtained.

6. Strengthen pest control

The main pests and diseases that harm winter jujube are peach borer, jujube gall midge, hawthorn spider, jujube scorch leaf disease and so on. Spraying 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 1500 times solution or 50% propafenone 1500 times solution to control peach moth, spraying urea No.3 to control jujube gall midge, and spraying 20% acaricide to control red spider in growth period. From the beginning of June, spraying 1 times of Kangkuning 500 times or Yekujing 500 times every half month for 3-4 times continuously can effectively control jujube scorched leaf disease.