History of Southern Dynasties, Liang:
Nanliang is one of the four dynasties (Song, Qi, Liang and Chen) in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Liang Xiao was founded in 502 by the imperial clan of the Southern Qi Dynasty, with its capital in Jiankang (now Nanjing) and the national name Liang.
Liang Xiao was founded in 502 by the imperial clan of the Southern Qi Dynasty, with its capital in Jiankang (now Nanjing) and the national name Liang.
Xiao Liang's founding emperor Xiao Yan reigned for 48 years. During the reign of Xiao Liang, the national strength advanced by leaps and bounds, the people were rich, and the economy and culture were strong, far exceeding the Northern Dynasties. Especially in culture, the Southern Dynasties produced a large number of famous writers and excellent literary works.
Originally, it was thriving, but the chaos of Hou Jing, which broke out in Liang Wudi's later years, ruined everything. In 548, the Eastern Wei Dynasty (the Northern Wei Dynasty, which fought against the Southern Dynasties, was divided into the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty in 534) surrendered to Hou Jing to launch a rebellion, colluded with the imperial clan Liang Zhuhe Xiao Wang, captured the capital Jiankang, and imprisoned the imperial clan.
In 549, Liang Wudi died at the age of 86. Hou Jing attacked Taicheng, and made the conspirators small emperor. However, after the attack, he abolished Xiao Zhengde and made Xiao Gang, Prince Liang Wudi, the emperor, known as Emperor Liang Jianwen in history. In 55 1 year, Hou Jing regicide stood on its own feet and established the "Han". Soon after, it was destroyed by Liang reinforcements, and Hou Jing's body was torn apart. Xiao Yi, the younger brother of Jian Wendi Xiaogang, lived in Jiangling (present-day Hubei) and changed his name to "Shengsheng", known as Emperor Liang Yuan in history.
In 554, the Western Wei army attacked Jiangling, and soon the city was broken, the Jiangling court of Liang Dynasty was destroyed, and Emperor Liang Yuan was killed.
Nanliang political situation has two development directions. One development direction is that Wang Sengbian and these two generals set up the ninth son of Emperor Liang Yuan as King Liang in Jiankang, ready to be proclaimed emperor. But then an accident happened. Another enemy of Nanliang, Beiqi (which has now replaced the Eastern Wei Dynasty), wanted to take advantage of the civil strife in Nanliang to send troops to escort Xiao Yuanming, a relative of the Liang Dynasty who surrendered to Beiqi, to return to China and claim the title of emperor. The garrison commander Wang Sengbian suffered a crushing defeat, so he had to establish Xiao Yuanming as emperor in Jiankang.
However, only four months later, the local resistance forces raided Jiankang, killed Wang Sengbian, abolished Xiao Yuanming and made Xiao, the king of Liang, the Emperor of Liang Jing in history. However, at this time, due to years of war, the unrest in the back beam and the great reduction of national strength, it was no longer the bustling scene of that year. The decline from prosperity was due to Liang Wudi's neglect of state affairs in his later years, which led to the chaos in Beijing.
In 557, Emperor Jing of Liang was deposed, and Yu Jiankang proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of "Chen", which was known in history (Chen Dynasty was also the only dynasty in China with the emperor's surname as the title), and Nanliang perished. This is the first time that Xiao Liang destroyed the country and died in Chen Nan.
The other direction of Nanliang is Liang State, which was founded in Jiangling by Cha Xiao, nephew of Emperor Liang Yuan of the Western Wei Dynasty. It was called Xiliang in history and existed from 555 to 587. Xiliang, with weak national strength, has always been a vassal of the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty (the Northern Zhou Dynasty replaced the Western Wei Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty replaced the Northern Zhou Dynasty). In 587, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty annexed Xiliang, and Xiliang perished. This is the second death of Xiao Liang in the Sui Dynasty.
At the end of Sui Dynasty, strongmen all over the country rebelled in succession. Filial piety, a descendant of Xiliang royal family, rose up and divided the world. In 6 18, Hsiao-hsien proclaimed himself emperor in Yueyang, Hunan, and later moved to Jiangling, with the title of Liang and Jianyuan Mingfeng. Everything is in accordance with the old system of Liang dynasty, which is restoration.
In 62 1 year, Xiao Xian was defeated and surrendered to the Tang Dynasty. After that, he was beheaded by Li Yuan, and the country was ruined. This is the third time that Liang Xiao died in the Tang Dynasty.
Extended data:
Famous writers and literary works in Liang Dynasty;
1. Famous writers: Jiang Yan, Xie Chu, Dao Gai, Dao,, wujun,, Liu Jun, Tao Hongjing, etc.
Jiang Yan (444-505): Zi Wentong was born in Kaocheng, Jiyang, Songzhou (now Jicun Town, Chengzhuang Town, Minquan County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province). Politicians and writers of the Southern Dynasties lived in Song and Qi Liang. His works include "Hate Fu", "Biefu" and "Song of Sacrifice".
Qiu Chi (464-508): A writer in the Southern Dynasties, was born in Wucheng, Xing Wu (now Huzhou, Zhejiang). Father Qiu Lingju was a doctor in Nanqi and a well-known scholar at that time. Chen Bozhi's book.
2. Literary works: Selected Works of Zhaoming, Song Shu, South Shu Qi, Wen Xin Diao Long, Poems, etc.
Selected Works of Zhaoming: Also known as Selected Works, it is the earliest extant collection of poems and essays in China, edited by Xiao Tong, the eldest son of Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties. After Xiao Tong's death, he became "Zhaoming", so this anthology edited by him is called "Zhaoming Anthology". It is generally believed that the Selected Works of Zhaoming was compiled between the 7th year of Liang Wudi (526) and the 3rd year of Zhongtong (53 1).
Book of Song Dynasty: a biographical history book that records the history of Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. Yue wrote ten volumes of Biography, thirty volumes of Chronicle, sixty volumes of Biography and one hundred volumes of * * *. Some biographies in this edition are incomplete, and a few biographies are supplemented by Tang's Brief History and Southern History.
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