First, the tree is pruned and shaped according to the branches. In the growth and development process of fruit trees, due to different types of rootstocks, different quality of seedlings, and different site conditions, in actual production, it is difficult to find two saplings that are completely consistent in terms of germination and branching. Therefore, in actual production, During the process of shaping and pruning, it is difficult to follow the predetermined tree structure and meet the same requirements for each tree. Otherwise, the pruning will be too heavy and the fruiting period will be delayed. Therefore, during the shaping process, it can only be based on the characteristics of each tree. Different growth conditions lead to a tree structure similar to the standard tree shape, rather than following the same model requirements. Rather, the appropriate tree shape must be selected based on the different characteristics of tree species and varieties. However, during the shaping process, do not be completely rigid in choosing the tree shape, but have a certain degree of flexibility. For trees that cannot be shaped into a predetermined shape, we cannot leave it alone. Instead, we must shape it into a suitable shape according to its growth conditions so that the branches will not be disordered. This is the plastic shaping principle that we often say "the visible will not die, the invisible will not be disordered" . If you master this principle, you can flexibly use a variety of pruning techniques during the pruning process of fruit trees to properly handle various problems encountered during pruning.

Tree pruning refers to the overall fruit tree, that is, in the process of plastic pruning of fruit trees, corresponding plastic pruning is adopted according to the growth and fruiting habits of different fruit tree types, as well as the actual conditions of the orchard site, etc. The method and the severity of pruning are appropriate. Focus on the whole and start from the local part. Otherwise, you may focus on one thing and lose the other, which will affect the effect. For example, when pruning young vigorous apple and pear trees, in order to promote their early formation and flowering and fruiting, the overall approach must be to prune lightly, plant them long, and leave more branches, in order to inhibit the vigorous growth and promote flowering and early fruiting. ; On the contrary, if we adopt the method of heavy pruning and thinning out branches as a whole, even if we adopt light pruning and slow pruning measures on some branches, it will be difficult to achieve the effect of inhibiting vigorous growth and flowering and fruiting; and for those that have already entered fruiting Large trees such as apples and pears in their prime should be moderately shortened and pruned back in order to maintain their strong vigor and prolong their fruit-bearing years. Therefore, looking at the overall fruit tree, comprehensively analyzing and correctly judging the growth and results of the tree is the premise and basis for reasonable pruning.

Make shapes according to the branches, which is for the part of the fruit tree. During the pruning process, the relationship between the local and the whole should be correctly handled based on the growth strength of the branches, the number of branches, the proportion of long, medium and short branches, the size of the branch angle, the extension direction of the branches, and the flowering and fruiting conditions. , the balance of growth and fruiting, the affiliation of main branches and side branches, as well as the location of branches and space utilization, etc., in order to form a reasonable high-yielding tree structure and obtain high economic benefits of long-term high-quality, stable yield increase. Therefore, pruning the tree and following the shape of the branches are the first principles that should be considered when pruning fruit trees.

The second is to consider both the plastic surgery results and the combination of light and heavy pruning. The purpose of pruning is to build a tree with a strong skeleton and to bloom and bear fruit earlier. In order to achieve long-term high quality, high yield, and stable yield, the tree skeleton must be strong, so the growth advantage of the backbone branches must be ensured when pruning. However, in order to achieve early flowering and fruiting and early high yield, it is necessary to leave as many branches and leaves as possible. As the age of the tree increases year by year, the number of branches and leaves also increases sharply. Therefore, when pruning, in addition to selecting the backbone branches, a certain number of auxiliary branches must also be selected to be used as fruiting or preliminary branches. Therefore, young trees should be pruned mainly lightly to leave more branches and leaves to expand the nutritional area and increase nutrient accumulation. At the same time, backbone branches should be pruned appropriately to enhance growth; auxiliary branches should be pruned appropriately to slow down growth and promote growth. Flowers and fruits.

After all, the shaping and pruning of fruit trees requires the removal of some branches and leaves, so it will undoubtedly have an inhibitory effect on the overall fruit tree. The more severe the pruning, the stronger the inhibitory effect on overall growth. In order to keep this inhibitory effect to a minimum, the principle of light pruning should be adhered to during shaping and pruning.

Although light pruning is beneficial to expanding the tree crown, slowing down the growth of the tree and early bearing fruit, for long-term considerations, attention must also be paid to the construction of the tree skeleton. Therefore, light pruning must be done throughout the tree to increase the overall size of the tree. Under the premise of ensuring the growth rate, some backbone branches and auxiliary branches should be pruned appropriately to facilitate the construction of a strong tree skeleton. Since the locations and growth forces of the different parts that make up the entire crown of the tree cannot be exactly the same, the severity of pruning cannot be exactly the same. Therefore, during the pruning process, we must pay attention to the combination of light and heavy, so as to not only build a strong tree skeleton, but also effectively promote the normal transformation of young fruit trees into the early and full fruit stages. This pruning principle is conducive to early fruit and high yield for young trees; for fruit-bearing trees, it is conducive to a stable increase in yield; for old trees, it is conducive to rejuvenation and canopy renewal, and to maintain a certain yield.

In short, the principle of overall planning, focusing on light pruning, and combining light and heavy pruning can not only build a strong tree skeleton, but also promote early fruiting and early high yield, as well as long-term high quality and high yield.

In the life cycle of fruit trees, the relationship between growth and fruiting is always changing. Therefore, when determining the amount of pruning, it should be based on changes in growth and fruiting conditions and their balanced relationship. If there is any change, it should be light or heavy.

The third is to balance the tree potential and make the subordinates clear. In the same orchard, between different tree strains, or between different types of branches of the same tree, the growth forces are always unbalanced.

When pruning, attention should be paid to suppressing the strong and supporting the weak, appropriately thinning out branches, and keeping short branches to keep the group and growth of individual plants in the orchard nearly consistent. , maintain balanced growth and clear affiliation, so that the trees in the entire orchard can bear fruit in a balanced manner from top to bottom and internally and externally, achieving long-term high quality and stable yield increase.