The cause of polyhydramnios is still unclear. People with polyhydramnios often cause fetal malformations, most of which are neurological malformations such as anencephaly and spina bifida. Pregnant women with multiple pregnancies, diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome and renal insufficiency often have polyhydramnios.
Generally, if the amniotic fluid exceeds 3000ml, pregnant women will feel uncomfortable. Acute polyhydramnios can cause abdominal pain, bloating, shortness of breath, inability to lie down, edema and ascites of lower limbs and vulva. Chronic polyhydramnios, due to the increasing amount of amniotic fluid, pregnant women can generally adapt. However, excessive amniotic fluid can also cause uterine inertia, resulting in dystocia, fetal malposition, premature rupture of membranes, premature delivery, placental abruption, umbilical cord prolapse, postpartum hemorrhage and so on.
Once it is found that pregnant women's abdominal swelling is too obvious, they should go to the hospital for treatment. If she is diagnosed with fetal malformation, she should induce labor to terminate pregnancy as soon as possible and check whether there are other complications such as twins and pregnancy-induced hypertension. If the fetus is not deformed and the symptoms are not serious, pregnancy can continue, and clinical monitoring and appropriate treatment can be given. At the same time, we should pay attention to prevent premature rupture of membranes.
Less than 300 ml of amniotic fluid is oligohydramnios, and the least is only tens or several ml.
Oligohydramnios often coexist with fetal urinary system abnormalities, such as congenital renal defects and renal hypoplasia. Late pregnancy often coexists with overdue pregnancy and placental insufficiency.
Oligohydramnios has little effect on pregnant women, but it is a great threat to the fetus. The perinatal mortality rate is five times higher than that of normal pregnancy. Clinically, women with oligohydramnios often have severe uterine contraction pain, uncoordinated uterine contraction, slow cervical dilatation and prolonged labor.
Amniotic fluid volume can be found by regular prenatal examination and B-ultrasound examination. Pregnant women should pay close attention to the changes of fetal movement, check the growth of uterus, determine the function of amniotic fluid and placenta by B-ultrasound, and know whether the fetus is hypoxic. Once the abnormal situation is found, we should consider caesarean section and deliver the fetus as soon as possible. If there is fetal malformation, the pregnancy should be terminated immediately.