The method of shortening is to cut off a part of the front end of the annual branch and keep a part of the base. Short cutting can stimulate 2 ~ 3 buds below the incision, promote their germination, increase the number of branches and single branch growth. Usually, it is to reduce nutrient consumption, centrally supply and maintain the growth of buds and branches, change the growth direction of branches, change the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crown cavity, stimulate more branches in a certain part of branches and its vicinity, and effectively promote the growth and development of local branches and buds of fruit trees.
What are the pruning techniques for fruit trees? The most common ones are cutting short, thinning and retracting! Where do you cut it? How to cut?
In addition, short cutting can also prevent the germination of branches and leaves, improve the germination rate and new shoot growth. This is because the number of branches and buds is reduced after cutting, which changes the original distribution relationship between nutrition and water, so that nutrients are transported to the remaining branches and buds.
Usually, the length of trunk and big branch can be controlled by cutting short, and the direction and strength of branch tip can be adjusted by choosing the direction of cutting terminal bud. The growth of fruit trees after cutting mainly depends on the strength, fullness and growth direction of branches. Only when the branches are thick and full, and the branches grow on the back, can high-yield and high-quality fruit trees be achieved.
Based on the above principles, pruning can be carried out according to the basis and destination: if you want to promote the growth of branches and leaves, you need to keep fuller branches and buds; If you want to inhibit the growth of branches and leaves, keep the weaker branches. For example, when pruning plum trees, two kinds of branches that can bear fruit, namely short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches, are mainly reserved, and measures to inhibit the growth of other branches are taken according to specific conditions to ensure the yield and fruit quality of plum trees.
It should be noted that according to the degree of shortening, shortening can be divided into mild, moderate and severe. The specific chopping method depends on the overall crown shape of the fruit tree and the purpose of chopping.
What are the pruning techniques for fruit trees? The most common ones are cutting short, thinning and retracting! Where do you cut it? How to cut?
More than two thirds of the short branches are serious short branches, which have great local stimulation, especially when the total growth of the whole branch is small. After severe cutting, there are few new shoots, vigorous growth and high branch rate, but flower buds are difficult to form; Short cut 1/2 is moderately short cut, with high germination rate, slightly more new shoots and moderate growth and branching rate, which is not conducive to flower bud formation; Short-cut branches 1/3~4/ 1 slightly short-cut, with many new shoots, but weak growth, can alleviate nutritional needs and promote flowering.
Useless branches-sparse
The method of thinning branches is to cut off all branches from the base, which is generally used to cut off redundant dense weak branches, clustered branches and long branches. Thinning can weaken the whole tree, generally speaking, it can reduce the total growth of the tree. However, its function is different from chopping. Because the dense branches are loosened, the light and nutrient distribution of the remaining branches are improved, so that the trees are ventilated, grow sturdily, increase the photosynthetic capacity, and are conducive to the formation of flower buds and flowering and fruiting.
When pruning, you can combine short cutting with thinning, thinning if necessary, and shortening if necessary. For stone fruit trees, the flower buds are mainly terminal, which should be mainly drained, combined with short stem; However, the lateral growth of flower buds in stone fruit trees is mainly short-cut, combined with short thinning.
What are the pruning techniques for fruit trees? The most common ones are cutting short, thinning and retracting! Where do you cut it? How to cut?
But thinning is harmful to the fruit tree itself, and it is easy to leave wounds on the tree, which is not conducive to the growth of the tree. In addition, there are also objects suitable for thinning. Thinning branches that are not suitable for thinning will only lead to the lack of nutrition in the tree.
Therefore, we should pay attention to several points when applying thinning method. First, thinning branches should avoid cutting from the base; Second, when thinning branches, it should be different from tree to tree. Pay attention to pruning the fruit trees with dense branches and leaves, and sparse the light-deficient whorls and adjacent branches to ensure the effective play of thinning branches.
Perennial branch retraction
Branches that have grown for many years, if not pruned regularly and reasonably, will cause problems such as too long supporting shaft, lack of nutrition in some branches, backward movement of fruit and growth center of gravity, and difficulty in improving fruit quality and yield. Then, in order to shorten the nutrient transportation route, reduce consumption, increase the bearing capacity of the crown, comb the branches inside the crown, improve the light reception rate and space utilization rate, and promote the effective growth of the branches, the method of retraction pruning can be adopted. Cutting branches, including big branches, back to the heads of vigorous branches can control the outward migration of fruit-bearing parts of fruit trees, form three-dimensional fruits, and rejuvenate aging trees.
Retraction pruning is often used to update the big branches of the crown or compress the crown to prevent the big branches from crossing and closing each other, which is a pruning method to promote the stability of the tree. After retraction, it can generally reduce the growth of the whole branch and weaken the growth of thickening. However, due to the decrease of the number of branches and buds, the concentration of nutrients and the transport distance of nutrients, the growth potential of branches near the incision can be enhanced and the later branches can be promoted.